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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the double piezoelectric effect (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1772-1775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For a piezoelectric device with multiple electrodes, it should be possible to quantitatively and conveniently measure the piezoelectric coefficient d31 by use of the double piezoelectric effect, without the need for any unusual apparatus or a calibration sample. One pair of electrodes is used to excite the piezo, and another is used to measure the response. For example, for a piezoelectric tube this should allow measurement of d31 as a function of temperature or of lateral offset voltage. An important correction to the current theory is described. Measurements on two piezo tubes are presented for excitation voltages in the range of 0.5–110 Vpp. An inductive proximity sensor was used to measure the actual piezo motion. It is shown that the current theory disagrees with this and previous experiments by a simple factor of 2 for symmetric excitations. However, for asymmetric excitations the disagreement with theory is more complex, and the current theory does not accurately predict the effects of varying tube geometry. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150535
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical modeling of thermal runaway in semiconductor laser operation (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 8276-8285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mathematical model describing the coupling of electrical, optical and thermal effects in semiconductor lasers is introduced. Through a systematic asymptotic expansion, the governing system of differential equations is reduced to a single second-order boundary value problem. This highly nonlinear equation describes the time-independent maximum temperature in the boundary layer adjacent to the mirror facet. The solution of the problem is a multi-valued function of current. The graph of the maximum steady-state temperature as a function of current gives a fold-shaped response curve, which indicates that no bounded steady state exists beyond a critical value of current. For certain device parameters and initial conditions, thermal runaway occurs. A mechanism for the sudden mode of semiconductor laser failure is described in terms of thermal runaway. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373538
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of binary hard-sphere mixture radial distribution functions at contact from an equation of state (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 1214-1219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method for calculation of the radial distribution functions (RDFs) at contact from a specified hard-sphere mixture equation of state (EOS) is proposed. The method is applied to two available accurate EOS expressions and new analytical formulas for the RDFs are obtained for binary additive hard-sphere mixtures. The results of the new formulas are compared with available computer simulation data and with those of other RDF expressions from the literature. The evidence to date suggests that the new formula is more accurate than alternative formulas currently available. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1486446
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The net flux of carbon from agricultural soils in Canada 1970–2010 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils influence soil quality and greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Land use, management practices, soil characteristics, and climate influence such changes. Using the Century model we estimated the rate of SOC change in agricultural soils of Canada for the period 1970 to 2010. This estimation was based on the estimated SOC change for 15% of the 1250 agriculturally designated soil landscape of Canada (SLC) polygons. Simulations were carried out for two to five crop rotations and for conventional and no-tillage. The results indicate that the agricultural soils in Canada, whose SOC are currently very close to equilibrium, will stop being a net source of CO2 and will become a sink by the year 2000. Rates of carbon change for the years 1970, 1990, and 2010 were estimated to be −67, − 39, and 11 kgC ha−1. The rate of decline in the carbon content of agricultural soils in Canada has slowed considerably in the 1990s as a result of an increase in the adoption of no-tillage management, a reduction in the use of summer fallowing, and an increase in fertilizer application. We estimate that the proportion of agricultural land storing SOC will have increased from 17% in 1990 to 53% by the year 2000.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00340.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blomia tropicalis: more than just another source of mite allergens (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01634.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How good are carbohydrates as allergens? (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01396.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fel d 4, a cat lipocalin allergen (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Cat allergy is unique among allergy to mammals in that the major allergen Fel d 1 is a uteroglobin-like protein and not a lipocalin. The biochemical spectrum of the cat allergens is thus uncertain, particularly with regard to the role that a cat lipocalin protein may play in sensitization to cats in allergic individuals.Objective To analyse cDNA encoding a lipocalin allergen and the corresponding recombinant allergen at both the molecular and immunological levels.Methods A submandibular salivary gland cDNA expression library was constructed and screened for clones producing IgE-binding polypeptides. cDNA encoding a lipocalin allergen and its corresponding recombinant allergen were analysed.Results An IgE binding molecule with high sequence identity to the boar salivary lipocalin and the horse lipocalin Equ c 1 allergen was isolated and designated, Fel d 4. Serum from 62.96% of cat-allergic subjects examined had measurable IgE antibody to Fel d 4 but typically at low levels. Despite this in 47% of sera the anti-Fel d 4 IgE titres were higher than the anti-Fel d 1 titres. IgE binding to the lipocalin allergen could be blocked by an allergen extract from cow and to a lesser degree by extracts from horse and dog.Conclusion Fel d 4 is a lipocalin allergen produced by the cat, which binds IgE at relatively high frequency in cat-sensitive individuals. The allergen provides not only a means for investigating differences in the immune response to lipocalin allergens from that found for other mammalian species but also an important reagent for the diagnosis of cat allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02090.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation of Der p 2 allergens: effects on T cell responses and immunoglobulin E binding (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Der p 2 is a highly polymorphic allergen that shows a distinct pattern of sequence divergence. The effect of the variations on T cell and antibody responses has not been compared.Objectives To compare IgE antibody binding and T cell proliferation and cytokine release induced by variants of Der p 2.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 19 allergic and 15 non-allergic people were stimulated with recombinant variants of Der p 2. IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-γ were measured by a time resolved fluorescence (TRF) assay. Serum IgE antibody was measured using a solid-phase TRF assay.Results Overall the most prevalent variant of Der p 2 (Der p 2. 0101) was the highest or approximately equal highest inducer of T cell proliferation and IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-γ release. The most divergent variant 0104 induced the next highest responses. The variants 0107 and 0108 showed interesting changes especially when the allergic status was considered. Responses to 0107 showed poor Th1/Th2 polarization and, except for IL-10 release, cytokine responses to 0108 were low for non-allergic subjects. The variant 0101 showed similar monoclonal antibody binding but moderately less IgE binding than the other variants.Conclusions The most prevalent variant, Der p 2. 0101, was the most active for T cell stimulation and although its IgE binding was slightly less than other variants that was highly correlated. The variant Der p 2. 0104 which contains the known common polymorphic changes had a response which was similar to Der p 2. 0101 and thus these two variants were the most stimulatory respresentations of Der p 2. The T cell responses to the less common variants 0107 and 0108 however, showed consistent differences demonstrating that changes in the sequence could change the cytokine response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01500.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-allergenic antigen in allergic sensitization: responses to the mite ferritin heavy chain antigen by allergic and non-allergic subjects (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The majority of house dust mite proteins are non-allergenic. There is, however, no information on the type of immune responses produced to these proteins and if the responses are affected by allergic sensitization.Objective To identify and produce a non-allergenic antigen of the house dust mite and compare antibody and T cell responses with the responses to allergens in sensitized and non-sensitized individuals.Results Ferritin heavy chain was cloned from a cDNA library as a candidate non-allergen of the house dust mite. It bound IgG but not IgE in the sera of allergic and non-allergic subjects and induced high T cell proliferative responses that correlated highly with the responses to the major allergen Der p 2. The cytokine response to the non-allergen was characterized by the release of high levels of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines from the PBMC of both allergic and non-allergic subjects. In contrast, the response to Der p 2 showed the expected high level of Th2 cytokine release from the PBMC of allergic subjects, while the Th2 cytokine production from PBMC of non-allergic subjects was low and even lower than that induced by ferritin heavy chain. The levels of IFN-γ release were similar for all groups. Der p 2 induced significantly more IL-10 than ferritin in the non-allergic group.Conclusion The T cell responses to a non-allergenic protein of the house dust mite were high and strongly correlated with the response to the major allergen. The non-allergenic protein induced high levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokine in both allergic and non-allergic subjects, while the allergen induced high levels of Th2 cytokine in allergic subjects and low levels in non-allergic subjects. The responses to the allergen were thus independently up- and down-regulated with no evidence of bystander regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01473.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospective Assessment After Pediatric Cardiac Ablation: Design and Implementation of the Multicenter Study (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: VAN HARE, G.F., et al.: Prospective Assessment After Pediatric Cardiac Ablation: Design and Imple-mentation of the Multicenter Study. A multicenter prospective study was designed and implemented as an activity of the Pediatric Electrophysiology Society to assess the risks associated with radiofrequency ablation in children. Patients (age 0–15 years) with supraventricular tachycardia due to accessory pathways or atrioventricular nodal reentry were enrolled and studied prior to ablation and periodically by clinical evaluation, electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor, and echocardiogram. In addition, a national registry was established, to which the contributing centers report all pediatric patients undergoing ablation at their center. Initial electrophysiological study tracings and all noninvasive studies undergo blinded outside review for quality control. Clinical endpoints were death, recurrence, proarrhythmia, and echocardiographic abnormality. A pilot study demonstrated excellent agreement concerning diagnoses of previously reported ablation patients between the reporting center and the blinded reviewer (kappa = 0.938 ± 0.062). A total of 317 patients were enrolled in the ongoing study from April 1, 1999 to December 31, 2000. The success rate of ablations was 96% with a complication rate of 4.3% for electrophysiological study and 2.9% for the ablation procedure. Comparison of the registry group versus the study group shows that the groups are comparable in terms of patient characteristics, diagnoses, and the results of ablation making it less likely that the sample of prospectively enrolled patients is biased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00332.x
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