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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of Si delta-doped GaN by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2195-2197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Si delta-doped GaN has been grown by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition. A very high peak density and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the carrier profile are obtained. It is found that the peak carrier density of Si delta doping increases with the doping time and SiH4 flow rate, while the FWHM of the carrier profile decreases with both increasing doping time and SiH4 flow rate. Some saturation in the carrier density has also been observed for relatively longer doping time. Except for a broadened carrier distribution in GaN induced by Si diffusion due to high growth temperature, the Si delta-doping properties in GaN are found to be similar to those of GaAs. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1314883
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutrophilic airway inflammation and IL-17 (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.02164.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Gene Expression During Maturation of Immature Dendritic Cells Derived from Peripheral Blood Monocytes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells. Many recent studies have compared the function of immature DCs (iDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs), but there have been few reports of the molecular changes that occur in DCs during maturation. Here, we report on differential gene expression in iDCs generated from peripheral blood monocytes compared with mDCs. Gene expression was evaluated using the differential display method after activation of iDCs with a low concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce maturation. Proteasome subunit alpha type 3 (PSMA3), transcription factor EC (TFEC) isoform and BTK region clone 2f10-rpi were transiently upregulated. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and CD63 antigen were upregulated for at least 24 h. Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and transforming growth factor-β-induced 68 kDa protein were downregulated. This is the first report of NAIP expression in human DCs. By comparing the expression of NAIP with that of other members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family and the Bcl-2 family, only NAIP was found to be strongly expressed in iDCs before stimulation by LPS. PSMA3 was also induced in the DCs stimulated with immune complex. These findings might contribute to our understanding of DC maturation and the effectiveness of DC-based vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01179.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suplatast tosilate inhibits thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine production by antigen-specific human Th2 cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Suplatast tosilate is an anti-allergic agent that suppresses cytokine production by human Th2 cells.Objective We investigated the effects of suplatast tosilate on the production of thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) by T cells from allergic patients with asthma.Methods Purified protein derivative (PPD)-specific Th1 cell lines and Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f)-specific Th2 cell lines were established from nine patients with house dust mite-allergic asthma. The effects of suplatast tosilate on mRNA expression of TARC and protein production of TARC from antigen-specific Th1 or Th2 cell lines were investigated after stimulation with relevant antigens or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In addition, the effects of IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ on TARC production by Der f-specific Th2 cell lines in the presence or absence of suplatast tosilate were studied.Results Although PPD-specific Th1 cell lines did not produce TARC after stimulation with PPD antigen or PHA, stimulation of Der f-specific Th2 cell lines with Der f antigen or PHA increased production of TARC. Suplatast tosilate significantly and dose-dependently inhibited production of TARC by Der f-specific Th2 cell lines stimulated with either Der f antigen (76.5% inhibition at 100 µg/mL, P 〈 0.01) or PHA (81.9% inhibition at 100 µg/mL, P 〈 0.01). TARC production by Der f-specific Th2 cell lines was significantly increased only by activation with IL-4 but not with IL-10 or IFN-γ; this increase in TARC production was significantly inhibited by suplatast tosilate (97.5% inhibition at 100 µg/mL, P 〈 0.01).Conclusion Suplatast tosilate inhibits TARC production by human Th2 cells. Therefore, this agent inhibits both Th2 cytokine and Th2 chemokine and may be a useful anti-allergic agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01547.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-stranded RNA activates RANTES gene transcription through co-operation of nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factors in human airway epithelial cells (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) is a member of the CC chemokine family and contributes to viral-induced airway inflammation including exacerbations of asthma. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is known to be synthesized during replication of many viruses and a ligand of Toll-like receptor 3. We hypothesized that dsRNA may mimic viral infection and induce RANTES expression in airway epithelial cells.Objective We first confirmed that dsRNA up-regulated RANTES mRNA and protein synthesis in the airway epithelial cells. We next focused our studies on the transcriptional regulation of RANTES.Methods Airway epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and normal human bronchial epithelial cells were used in vitro study. Levels of RANTES mRNA and protein expression were determined with RT-PCR and ELISA. Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation were assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual luciferase assay using RANTES promoter-luciferase reporter plasmids.Results Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was confirmed by nuclear protein binding to a DNA probe derived from the RANTES promoter. Activity of the RANTES promoter was increased by dsRNA. The stimulation with dsRNA was partially inhibited in plasmids mutated at either of the binding sites for NF-κB or IFN regulatory factors (IRFs). When both sites were mutated, the activation was totally abrogated.Conclusion These results imply that dsRNA activates NF-κB and IRFs and these transcription factors activate transcription of the RANTES promoter and its protein expression in airway epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1941.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influenza virus A stimulates expression of eotaxin by nasal epithelial cells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Respiratory virus is one of the most common causes of airway inflammation, but its pathogenic mechanisms are not well understood. Eotaxin is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant and is a selective agonist for C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). Although it has recently been demonstrated that epithelial cells express eotaxin, both in vivo and in vitro, there are few data concerning the expression in viral infection.Objects We hypothesized that eotaxin may play an important role in attracting inflammatory cells into the airway after viral infection and analysed whether viral infection induces eotaxin in nasal epithelial cells in vitro.Methods Nasal epithelial cells obtained from polypectomy for nasal polyp were infected with influenza virus A (subtype H3N2). The cells and supernatants were collected 8, 24 and 48 h after infection. Eotaxin mRNA was analysed by RT-PCR. Eotaxin concentration in the supernatants was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also examined a blocking assay to analyse the intervention of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β in eotaxin production induced by influenza virus.Results The results showed that eotaxin was expressed constitutively in uninfected cells, but was up-regulated for both mRNA and protein levels in infected cells. Blocking experiments using anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-1β antibodies showed no effects of these agents on the level of eotaxin. In addition, UV-inactivated virus did not enhance the expression of eotaxin.Conclusions These results suggest that influenza virus A infection in nasal epithelial cells stimulates the expression of eotaxin, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation by inducing eotaxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01103.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion-and T2-weighted MRI of the transverse pontine fibres in spinocerebellar degeneration (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 803-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; diffusion-weighted ; Degeneration ; spinocerebellar ; Pons ; transverse fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because the transverse pontine fibres degenerate in some subtypes of spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD), demonstration of these fibres may be helpful for radiological diagnosis of SCD. Using multishot diffusion-weighted MRI, we attempted to find a way to show the transverse pontine fibres. We assessed the quality of demonstration of these fibres on DWI and of abnormal high signal in the pons and middle cerebellar peduncles on T2-weighted images. We examined evaluated 24 control subjects and 12 patients with SCD: two with sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), five with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), two with SCA3, and three with SCA6. In all control subjects and patients with SCA6, we succeeded in demonstrating the transverse pontine fibres as clear low-signal bundles using DWI. In two patients with SCA3, these fibres were identified less distinctly. In contrast, in two patients with sporadic OPCA and in four of five patients with SCA1, the fibres were not identified. In both patients with sporadic OPCA, abnormal high-signal foci were seen in the base of the pons and middle cerebellar peduncles on T2-weighted images; no such foci were detected in any patient with SCA1, SCA3 or SCA6. DWI seems to be useful for demonstrating transverse pontine fibres. Abnormal high signal in the pons and middle cerebellar peduncles may provide a clue to differentiation of sporadic OPCA from other types of SCD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000336
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Del(X)(p21.1) in a mother and two daughters: genotype-phenotype correlation of Turner features (2000)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 106 (2000), S. 306-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report a mother and two daughters with partial Xp monosomy. Clinical assessment for Turner phenotype revealed that the three females manifested low-normal to mild short stature (–1.6 to approximately –2.3 SD) and variable degrees of skeletal features, such as cubitus valgus, short 4th matacarpals, and Madelung deformity, but no soft tissue or visceral anomalies or gonadal dysfunction. Cytogenetic studies for lymphocytes showed that the karyotype was 45,X[3]/46,X,del(X)(p21.1)[27] in the mother and non-mosaic 46,X,del(X)(p21.1) in the two daughters. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and microsatellite analyses for 19 loci/regions on the X chromosome demonstrated that the del(Xp) chromosome was missing SHOX and had the breakpoint between DMD and CYBB. The results are consistent with the recently proposed notion that haploinsufficiency of SHOX results in not only short stature, but also Turner skeletal features in association with maturational effects of gonadal estrogens. The lack of soft tissue or visceral anomalies suggests the presence of the putative lymphogenic gene on the del(Xp) chromosome; the preservation of ovarian function appears to be compatible with meiotic pairing failure being relatively mild.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390000253
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