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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biogeochemistry of a deep-sea whale fall : sulfate reduction, sulfide efflux and methanogenesis (2009)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Marine ecology progress series, Oldendorf/Luhe : Inter-Research, 1979, 382(2009), Seite 1-21, 1616-1599
    In: volume:382
    In: year:2009
    In: pages:1-21
    Description / Table of Contents: Deep-sea whale falls create sulfidic habitats supporting chemoautotrophic communities, but microbial processes underlying the formation of such habitats remain poorly evaluated. Microbial degradation processes (sulfate reduction, methanogenesis) and biogeochemical gradients were studied in a whale-fall habitat created by a 30 t whale carcass deployed at 1675 m depth for 6 to 7 yr on the California margin. A variety of measurements were conducted including photomosaicking, microsensor measurements, radiotracer incubations and geochemical analyses. Sediments were studied at different distances (0 to 9 m) from the whale fall. Highest microbial activities and steepest vertical geochemical gradients were found within 0.5 m of the whale fall, revealing ex situ sulfate reduction and in vitro methanogenesis rates of up to 717 and 99 mmol m-2 d-1, respectively. In sediments containing whale biomass, methanogenesis was equivalent to 20 to 30% of sulfate reduction. During in vitro sediment studies, sulfide and methane were produced within days to weeks after addition of whale biomass, indicating that chemosynthesis is promoted at early stages of the whale fall. Total sulfide production from sediments within 0.5 m of the whale fall was 2.1 ± 3 and 1.5 ± 2.1 mol d-1 in Years 6 and 7, respectively, of which ~200 mmol d-1 were available as free sulfide. Sulfate reduction in bones was much lower, accounting for a total availability of ~10 mmol sulfide d1. Over periods of at least 7 yr, whale falls can create sulfidic conditions similar to other chemosynthetic habitats such as cold seeps and hydrothermal vents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Ill., graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1616-1599
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07972
    URL: http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v382/p1-21/
    DOI: 10.3354/meps07972
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Isotopic signature of specific biomarkers derived from anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME groups) and 〈BR〉sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) at different cold seep provinces, supplementary data to: Elvert, Marcus; Hopmans, Ellen C; Treude, Tina; Boetius, Antje; Suess, Erwin (2005): Spatial variations of methanotrophic consortia at cold methane seeps: Implications from a high-resolution molecular and isotopic approach. Geobiology, 3(3), 195-209 (2005)
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    Keywords: Datensammlung
    Description / Table of Contents: Anaerobic methane-oxidizing microbial communities in sediments at cold methane seeps are important factors in controlling methane emission to the ocean and atmosphere. Here, we investigated the distribution and carbon isotopic signature of specific biomarkers derived from anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME groups) and sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) responsible for the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) at different cold seep provinces of Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia margin. The special focus was on their relation to in situ cell abundances and methane turnover. In general, maxima in biomarker abundances and minima in carbon isotope signatures correlated with maxima in AOM and sulphate reduction as well as with consortium biomass. We found ANME-2a/DSS aggregates associated with high abundances of sn-2,3-di-O-isoprenoidal glycerol ethers (archaeol, sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol) and specific bacterial fatty acids (C16:1omega5c, cyC17:0omega5,6) as well as with high methane fluxes (Beggiatoa site). The low to medium flux site (Calyptogena field) was dominated by ANME-2c/DSS aggregates and contained less of both compound classes but more of AOM-related glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). ANME-1 archaea dominated deeper sediment horizons at the Calyptogena field where sn-1,2-di-O-alkyl glycerol ethers (DAGEs), archaeol, methyl-branched fatty acids (ai-C15:0, i-C16:0, ai-C17:0), and diagnostic GDGTs were prevailing. AOM-specific bacterial and archaeal biomarkers in these sediment strata generally revealed very similar d13C-values of around -100 per mill. In ANME-2-dominated sediment sections, archaeal biomarkers were even more 13C-depleted (down to -120 per mill), whereas bacterial biomarkers were found to be likewise 13C-depleted as in ANME-1-dominated sediment layers (d13C: -100 per mill). The zero flux site (Acharax field), containing only a few numbers of ANME-2/DSS aggregates, however, provided no specific biomarker pattern. Deeper sediment sections (below 20 cm sediment depth) from Beggiatoa covered areas which included solid layers of methane gas hydrates contained ANME-2/DSS typical biomarkers showing subsurface peaks combined with negative shifts in carbon isotopic compositions. The maxima were detected just above the hydrate layers, indicating that methane stored in the hydrates may be available for the microbial community. The observed variations in biomarker abundances and 13C-depletions are indicative of multiple environmental and physiological factors selecting for different AOM consortia (ANME-2a/DSS, ANME-2c/DSS, ANME-1) along horizontal and vertical gradients of cold seep settings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 8 Datasets , Format: application/zip
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.727523
    URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:tib-10.1594/PANGAEA.7275233
    URN: urn:nbn:de:tib-10.1594/PANGAEA.7275233
    DOI: 10.1594/PANGAEA.727523
    Language: English
    Note: This dataset is supplement to doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2005.00051.x
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    Fluids from the oceanic crust support microbial activities within the deep biosphere (2008)
    Associated volumes
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    In: Geomicrobiology journal, London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis, 1978, 25(2008), 1, Seite 56-66, 1521-0529
    In: volume:25
    In: year:2008
    In: number:1
    In: pages:56-66
    Description / Table of Contents: The importance of crustal fluid chemical composition in driving the marine deep subseafloor biosphere was examined in northeast Pacific ridge-flank sediments. At IODP Site U1301, sulfate from crustal fluids diffuses into overlying sediments, forming a transition zone where sulfate meets in situ-produced methane. Enhanced cell counts and metabolic activity suggest that sulfate stimulates microbial respiration, specifically anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to sulfate reduction. Cell counts and activity are also elevated in basement-near layers. Owing to the worldwide expansion of the crustal aquifer, we postulate that crustal fluids may fuel the marine deep subseafloor biosphere on a global scale.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1521-0529
    DOI: 10.1080/01490450701829006
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Environmental regulation of the anaerobic oxidation of methane: a comparison of ANME-I and ANME-II communities (2005)
    Wiley / Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd,
    In:  Environmental Microbiology, 7 (1). pp. 98-106.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-28
    Description: The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is one of the major sinks for methane on earth and is known to be mediated by at least two phylogenetically different groups of anaerobic methanotrophic Archaea (ANME-I and ANME-II). We present the first comparative in vitro study of the environmental regulation and physiology of these two methane-oxidizing communities, which occur naturally enriched in the anoxic Black Sea (ANME-I) and at Hydrate Ridge (ANME-II). Both types of methanotrophic communities are associated with sulfate-reducing-bacteria (SRB) and oxidize methane anaerobically in a 1:1 ratio to sulfate reduction (SR). They responded sensitively to elevated methane partial pressures with increased substrate turnover. The ANME-II-dominated community showed significantly higher cell-specific AOM rates. Besides sulfate, no other electron acceptor was used for AOM. The processes of AOM and SR could not be uncoupled by feeding the SRB with electron donors such as acetate, formate or molecular hydrogen. AOM was completely inhibited by the addition of bromoethanesulfonate in both communities, indicating the participation of methanogenic enzymes in the process. Temperature influenced the intensity of AOM, with ANME-II being more adapted to cold temperatures than ANME-I. The variation of other environmental parameters, such as sulfate concentration, pH and salinity, did not influence the activity of both communities. In conclusion, the ecological niches of methanotrophic Archaea seem to be mainly defined by the availability of methane and sulfate, but it remains open which additional factors lead to the dominance of ANME-I or -II in the environment.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00669.x
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  • 5
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    Consumption of Methane and CO2 by Methanotrophic Microbial Mats from Gas Seeps of the Anoxic Black Sea (2007)
    American Society for Microbiology
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73 (7). pp. 2271-2283.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: The deep anoxic shelf of the northwestern Black Sea has numerous gas seeps, which are populated by methanotrophic microbial mats in and above the seafloor. Above the seafloor, the mats can form tall reef-like structures composed of porous carbonate and microbial biomass. Here, we investigated the spatial patterns of CH4 and CO2 assimilation in relation to the distribution of ANME groups and their associated bacteria in mat samples obtained from the surface of a large reef structure. A combination of different methods, including radiotracer incubation, beta microimaging, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization, was applied to sections of mat obtained from the large reef structure to locate hot spots of methanotrophy and to identify the responsible microbial consortia. In addition, CO2 reduction to methane was investigated in the presence or absence of methane, sulfate, and hydrogen. The mat had an average δ13C carbon isotopic signature of −67.1‰, indicating that methane was the main carbon source. Regions dominated by ANME-1 had isotope signatures that were significantly heavier (−66.4‰ ± 3.9 ‰ [mean ± standard deviation; n = 7]) than those of the more central regions dominated by ANME-2 (−72.9‰ ± 2.2 ‰; n = 7). Incorporation of 14C from radiolabeled CH4 or CO2 revealed one hot spot for methanotrophy and CO2 fixation close to the surface of the mat and a low assimilation efficiency (1 to 2% of methane oxidized). Replicate incubations of the mat with 14CH4 or 14CO2 revealed that there was interconversion of CH4 and CO2. The level of CO2 reduction was about 10% of the level of anaerobic oxidation of methane. However, since considerable methane formation was observed only in the presence of methane and sulfate, the process appeared to be a rereaction of anaerobic oxidation of methane rather than net methanogenesis.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02685-06
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  • 6
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    Subsurface Microbial Methanotrophic Mats in the Black Sea (2005)
    American Society for Microbiology
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71 (10). pp. 6375-6378.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-28
    Description: A nodule-shaped microbial mat was found subsurface in sediments of a gas seep in the anoxic Black Sea. This mat was dominated by ANME-1 archaea and consumed methane and sulfate simultaneously. We propose that such subsurface mats represent the initial stage of previously investigated microbial reefs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.10.6375-6378.2005
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  • 7
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    Environmental control on anaerobic oxidation of methane in gassy sediments of Eckernförde Bay (German Baltic) (2005)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography, 50 (6). pp. 1771-1786.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-30
    Description: We investigated the effect of seasonal environmental changes on the rate and distribution of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in Eckernforde Bay sediments (German Baltic Sea) and identified organisms that are likely to be involved in the process. Surface sediments were sampled during September and March. Field rates of AOM and sulfate reduction (SR) were measured with radiotracer methods. Additional parameters were determined that potentially influence AOM, i.e., temperature, salinity, methane, sulfate, and chlorophyll a. Methanogenesis as well as potential rates of AOM and aerobic oxidation of methane were measured in vitro. AOM changed seasonally within the upper 20 cm of the sediment, with rates being between 1 and 14 nmol cm(-3) d(-1). Its distribution is suggested to be controlled by oxygen and sulfate penetration, temperature, as well as methane supply, leading to a shallow AOM zone during the warm productive season and to a slightly deeper AOM zone during the cold winter season. Rising methane bubbles apparently fed AOM above the sulfate-methane transition. Methanosarcinales-related anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME-2), identified with fluorescence in situ hybridization, is suggested to mediate AOM in Eckerntorde Bay. These archaea are known also from other marine methane-rich locations. However, they were not directly associated with sulfate-reducing bacteria. AOM is possibly mediated solely by these archaea that show a mesophilic physiology according to the seasonal temperature changes in Eckernforde Bay.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2005.50.6.1771
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Flow-Through: AOM in permeable coastal sediments off Santa Barbara, California (2008)
    In:  [Poster] In: Workshop Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane, 02, Aselake .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    From whale to chemosynthesis: biogeochemistry of a deep-sea whale fall (2009)
    In:  [Invited talk] In: Invited lecture, 09.09, Fairbanks, AK, USA .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    From whale to chemosynthesis: energy and carbon fluxes at a deep-sea whale fall (2009)
    In:  [Invited talk] In: Goldschmidt Conference 2009, 23.06, Davos, Switzerland .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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