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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 447 (2007), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Shallow marine benthic communities around Antarctica show high levels of endemism, gigantism, slow growth, longevity and late maturity, as well as adaptive radiations that have generated considerable biodiversity in some taxa. The deeper parts of the Southern Ocean exhibit some unique ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05827
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How many novel eukaryotic “kingdoms”? Pitfalls and limitations of environmental DNA surveys (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Over the past few years, the use of cultivation-independent techniques to detect eukaryotic diversity has proven to be a powerful approach. Based on small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene analyses, these studies have revealed the existence of an unexpected variety of new phylotypes. Some of them do not seem to be related to any molecularly described lineage, and have been proposed to represent novel eukaryotic kingdoms. In order to critically review the evolutionary importance of this novel high-level eukaryotic diversity and to test the potential technical and analytical pitfalls and limitations of eukaryotic environmental DNA surveys (EES), we analysed 484 environmental SSU rRNA gene sequences, including 81 new sequences from sediments of the river Seymaz (Geneva, Switzerland). Based on a detailed screening of an exhaustive alignment of SSU rRNA gene sequences and the phylogenetic re-analysis of previously published sequences using Bayesian methods, our results suggest that the number of novel higher-level taxa revealed by previous EES was over-estimated. Three main sources of errors are responsible for this situation, namely (1) the presence of undetected chimeric sequences; (2) the misplacement of several fast evolving sequences; and (3) the incomplete sampling of described, but yet unsequenced eukaryotes. EES undoubtedly contribute to unravel many novel eukaryotic lineages, but there is no clear evidence for a spectacular increase of the diversity at a megaevolutionary level. After our re-analysis, we found only five candidate lineages of possible novel high-level eukaryotic taxa. To ascertain their taxonomic status, however, the organisms themselves have to be identified now.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.05202003_1_10.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The twilight of sun-animalcules (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Molecular sampling of the taxonomic diversity of the living world is nowadays a task of paramount importance. Heliozoa represents one of the major eukaryotic taxa, which remain significantly underrepresented in molecular databases. The term Heliozoa was coined to embrace organisms with a rounded body and stiff pseudopodia. Despite evidences from ultrastructural studies, which conclusively show the polyphyly of selected heliozoan groups, contemporary morphological systems retain Heliozoa as a monophyletic taxon. From the perspective of reconstructing the true phylogeny of Eukaryota, molecular approaches to analyse relationships within this large protist group are evidently necessary. Phylogenetic analysis of our data shows that the four heliozoan taxa branch either independently or within different eukaryotic phyla. The actinophryids (Actinosphaerium, Actinophrys) appear as a lineage of stramenopiles, while the desmothoracids (Clathrulina, Hedriocystis) branch within “core Cercozoa”. The position of both groups is strongly supported in all analyses and is congruent with ultrastructure-based taxonomic revisions. The centrohelids (Chlamydaster, Heterophrys, Pterocystis, and Raphidiophrys) do not seem to be related to any particular eukaryotic phylum, in agreement with a recent molecular study. The taxopodid Sticholonche was found to branch between Polycystinea and Acantharea, two classes of radiolarians. Results obtained in this study suggest that the heliozoan body form cannot be used as a diagnostic argument to unite Heliozoa. Instead, we discriminate between the three heliomorphic taxa of independent origin, Actinophryida, Desmothoracida and Sticholonche, and propose the novel higher rank taxon Centrohelida. The term Heliozoa should thus be used solely in historical context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.05202003_1_63.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogeny of lobose amoebae based on actin and small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lobose amoebae are abundant free-living protists and important pathogenic agents, yet their evolutionary history and position in the universal tree of life are poorly known. Molecular data for lobose amoebae are limited to a few species, and all phylogenetic studies published so far lacked representatives of many of their taxonomic groups. Here we analyse actin and small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences of a broad taxon sampling of naked, lobose amoebae. Our results support the existence of a monophyletic Amoebozoa clade, which comprises all lobose amoebae examined so far, as well as the amitochondriate pelobionts and entamoebids, and the slime molds. Both actin and SSU rRNA phylogenies distinguish two well-defined clades of amoebae, the “Gymnamoebia sensu stricto” and the Archamoebae (pelobionts+entamoebids), and one weakly supported and ill-resolved group comprising some naked, lobose amoebae and the Mycetozoa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.05202003_1_26.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A molecular perspective on the phylogeny of amoeboid protists (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The origin of amoeboid protists is one of the greatest enigmas of eukaryotic phylogeny. Although it has long been accepted that amoeboid protists are polyphyletic, the lack of molecular data for many amoeboid taxa impeded their placement in the tree of life. We have sequenced the small-subunit ribosomal RNA and actin genes from a broad taxonomic sampling of amoeboid protists, including three lineages of heliozoans (Actinophryida, Desmothoracida, and Taxopodida) and one lineage of radiolarians (Phaeodarea) for which no molecular data were available yet. Phylogenetic analyses of our data show that (1) all lobose amoebae sequenced to date belong to the recently defined phylum Amoebozoa and (2) Heliozoa and Radiolaria both represent polyphyletic assemblages, as suggested by previous ultrastructural studies. However, although axopodia evolved at least five times independently during the evolution of eukaryotes, our study also reveals that most protists possessing filopodia, reticulopodia, and/or axopodia are closely related, and constitute a new supergroup of amoeboid protists, the Rhizaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.05202003_1_11.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences of Phaeodarea challenge the monophyly of Haeckel's Radiolaria (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In his grand monography of Radiolaria, Ernst Haeckel originally placed Phaeodarea within the class Radiolaria, together with Acantharea and Polycystinea. Cytological and ultrastructural studies, however, questioned the monophyly of Radiolaria, suggesting the independent evolutionary origin of the three taxa. Some recent molecular analyses based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences challenged this classification, supporting the sisterhood of Acantharea and Polycystinea. In order to further test the monophyly of all Haeckel's Radiolaria, and as no data on Phaeodarea were available, we sequenced the complete SSU rRNA gene of three Phaeodarea and three Polycystinea. Our analyses show that the monophyletic Phaeodarea clearly branch among Cercozoa, and confirm that Acantharea and Polycystinea share a common history. This result enhances the morphological variability within Cercozoa, a phylum already containing very heterogeneous groups of protists. Our study suggests that the ability to secrete SrSO4 and the organization of microtubules inside axopodia are better phylogenetic markers than the simple presence of a central capsule and axopodia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.05202003_1_66.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Higher-Order Phylogeny of Plasmodial Slime Molds (Myxogastria) Based on Elongation Factor 1-A and Small Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The Myxogastria are common soil microorganisms with a life cycle comprised of a plasmodial trophic stage and large fruiting bodies generally visible with the unaided eye. Until now, their classification has been based exclusively on a combination of morphological, ultrastructural, and developmental characters. Our study is the first attempt to examine phylogenetic relationships among these taxa using molecular data. Partial small-subunit ribosomal RNA and/or elongation factor 1-alpha gene sequences were obtained from eleven, mostly field-collected species representing the five orders of Myxogastria. Nineteen sequences were obtained and subjected to phylogenetic analysis together with 10 sequences available from GenBank. Separate and combined analyses of the two data sets support the division of Myxogastria into three distinct groups. The most basal clade consists of the Echinosteliales, an order considered to have affinities with Protostelia. The three species examined possess unpigmented or slightly pigmented spores. The second group consists of Liceales and Trichiales, taxa characterized by the presence of clear, but pigmented, spores. The third group consists of the two remaining orders, Physarales and Stemonitales, both possessing dark spores. This suggests that spore pigmentation is an evolutionarily conservative character in myxogastrians, and that the simple morphology of echinostelids is not a derived feature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00032.x
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  • 8
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    Occurence of monothalamous foraminifera in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica (Table 1, 2) (2007)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Majewski, Wojciech; Lecroq, Beatrice; Sinniger, Frederic; Pawlowski, Jan (2007): Monothalamous foraminifera from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica. Polish Polar Research, 28(3), 187-210
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: During the late 2007 austral summer, 20 sediment samples were collected in Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetlands, West Antarctica) from 8 down to 254 m water-depth (mwd). The samples yielded abundant assemblage of monothalamous benthic foraminifera, belonging to at least 40 morphospecies. They constituted the first such collection from Antarctic Peninsula fjords and provided a new insight into this group's diversity and distribution. Among organic-walled taxa, Psammophaga sp., Allogromia cf. crystallifera, and three morphotypes of Gloiogullmia were especially abundant. Agglutinated forms were dominated by Hippocrepinella hirudinea, Psammosphaera spp., Lagenammina spp., and various mudballs. Although, the majority of the morphotypes were known from other high?latitude locations, somewere reported for the first time. Our quantitative data (〉125 µm) showed the greatest differences between monothalamous foraminifera assemblages at shallowest water depths above 50 mwd. The deepest assemblages from between 179 and 254 mwd, were most similar, suggesting uniform near-bottom conditions at ~200 mwd throughout the Admiralty Bay.
    Keywords: Admiralty_Bay; Allogromia cf. crystallifera; Area; Armorella cf. sphaerica; Armorella sp.; Astrammina rara; Astrammina triangularis; Astrorhiza sp.; Bathysiphon cf. argenteus; Bathysiphon cf. flexilis; Calculated; Calculated after Shannon (1948); Counting 〉125 µm fraction; Crithionina cf. granum; Crithionina sp.; Depth, bathymetric; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Distance; Dominance; Foraminifera, benthic; Foraminifera, benthic dead; Foraminifera, benthic indeterminata; Foraminifera, benthic monothalamous; Fraction; Gloiogullmia sp.; Gromiids; Hippocrepina cf. crassa; Hippocrepinella alba; Hippocrepinella hirudinea; King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula; Lagenammina spp.; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Micrometula sp.; MULT; Multiple investigations; Nemogullmia spp.; Number of species; Pelosina aff. sphaeriloculum; Pelosina didera; Phainogullmia cf. aurata; Psammophaga sp.; Psammosphaera spp.; Sample code/label; Sample method; Shannon Diversity Index; Tinogullmia sp.; Vanhoeffenella gaussi
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1015 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Isopoda E(S100) and surface sediment characteristics of ANDEEP I-III stations in the Southern Ocean deep sea (2007)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Brandt, Angelika; Gooday, Andrew J; Brandão, Simone N; Brix, Saskia; Brökeland, Wiebke; Cedhagen, Tomas; Choudhury, Madhumita; Cornelius, Nils; Danis, Bruno; De Mesel, Ilse; Diaz, Robert; Gillan, David C; Ebbe, Brigitte; Howe, John; Janussen, Dorte; Kaiser, Stefanie; Linse, Katrin; Malyutina, Marina; Pawlowski, Jan; Raupach, Michael R; Vanreusel, Ann (2007): First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea. Nature, 447(7142), 307-311, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05827
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-28
    Description: Shallow marine benthic communities around Antarctica show high levels of endemism, gigantism, slow growth, longevity and late maturity, as well as adaptive radiations that have generated considerable biodiversity in some taxa1. The deeper parts of the Southern Ocean exhibit some unique environmental features, including a very deep continental shelf2 and a weakly stratified water column, and are the source for much of the deep water in the world ocean. These features suggest that deep-sea faunas around the Antarctic may be related both to adjacent shelf communities and to those in other oceans. Unlike shallow-water Antarctic benthic communities, however, little is known about life in this vast deep-sea region2, 3. Here, we report new data from recent sampling expeditions in the deep Weddell Sea and adjacent areas (748-6,348 m water depth) that reveal high levels of new biodiversity; for example, 674 isopods species, of which 585 were new to science. Bathymetric and biogeographic trends varied between taxa. In groups such as the isopods and polychaetes, slope assemblages included species that have invaded from the shelf. In other taxa, the shelf and slope assemblages were more distinct. Abyssal faunas tended to have stronger links to other oceans, particularly the Atlantic, but mainly in taxa with good dispersal capabilities, such as the Foraminifera. The isopods, ostracods and nematodes, which are poor dispersers, include many species currently known only from the Southern Ocean. Our findings challenge suggestions that deep-sea diversity is depressed in the Southern Ocean and provide a basis for exploring the evolutionary significance of the varied biogeographic patterns observed in this remote environment.
    Keywords: AWI; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; SPP1158
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
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