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  • 1
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    Muted change in Atlantic overturning circulation over some glacial-aged Heinrich events (2014)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Geoscience 7 (2014):144–150, doi:10.1038/ngeo2045.
    Description: Heinrich events - surges of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean - punctuated the last glacial period. The events are associated with millennial-scale cooling in the Northern Hemisphere. Freshwater from the melting icebergs is thought to have interrupted the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, thus minimizing heat transport into the northern North Atlantic. The northward flow of warm water passes through the Florida Straits and is reflected in the distribution of seawater properties in this region. Here we investigate the northward flow through this region over the past 40,000 years using oxygen isotope measurements of benthic foraminifera from two cores on either side of the Florida Straits, which allow us to estimate water density, which is related to flow via the thermal wind relation. We infer a substantial reduction of flow during Heinrich Event 1 and the Heinrich-like Younger Dryas cooling, but little change during Heinrich Events 2 and 3, which occurred during an especially cold phase of the last glacial period. We speculate that because glacial circulation was already weakened before the onset of Heinrich Events 2 and 3, freshwater forcing had little additional effect. However, low-latitude climate perturbations were observed during all events. We therefore suggest these perturbations may not have been directly caused by changes in heat transport associated with Atlantic overturning circulation as commonly assumed.
    Description: The authors acknowledge the US National Science Foundation (OCE-0096472, OCE-0648258 and OCE-1102743), a grant from the Comer Science and Education Foundation and a Rutt Bridges Undergraduate Research Fellowship to L.G.H. for funding this work. PC acknowledges the supports from the Natural Science Foundation of China (40921004 and 40930844). S.M. was funded through the DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence “The Ocean in the Earth System”.
    Description: 2014-07-12
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 2
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    On the path of the Gulf Stream and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 23 (2010): 3146–3154, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3310.1.
    Description: The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) simulated in various ocean-only and coupled atmosphere–ocean numerical models often varies in time because of either forced or internal variability. The path of the Gulf Stream (GS) is one diagnostic variable that seems to be sensitive to the amplitude of the AMOC, yet previous modeling studies show a diametrically opposed relationship between the two variables. In this note this issue is revisited, bringing together ocean observations and comparisons with the GFDL Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1), both of which suggest a more southerly (northerly) GS path when the AMOC is relatively strong (weak). Also shown are some examples of possible diagnostics to compare various models and observations on the relationship between shifts in GS path and changes in AMOC strength in future studies.
    Description: We wish to acknowledge support (TJ) from WHOI’s Paul Fye Chair and NASA (NNXZX09AF35G) and to NOAA/OAR (RZ) for this work.
    Keywords: Sea surface temperature ; Meridional overturning circulation ; Gyres ; Coupled models ; Atmosphere-ocean interaction
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Dynamic millennial-scale climate changes in the northwestern Pacific over the past 40,000 years (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 37 (2010): L23603, doi:10.1029/2010GL045202.
    Description: Ice core records of polar temperatures and greenhouse gases document abrupt millennial-scale oscillations that suggest the reduction or shutdown of thermohaline Circulation (THC) in the North Atlantic Ocean may induce the abrupt cooling in the northern hemisphere. It remains unknown, however, whether the sea surface temperature (SST) is cooling or warming in the Kuroshio of the Northwestern Pacific during the cooling event. Here we present an AMS 14C-dated foraminiferal Mg/Ca SST record from the central Okinawa Trough and document that the SST variations exhibit two steps of warming since 21 ka — at 14.7 ka and 12.8 ka, and a cooling (∼1.5°C) during the interval of the Younger Dryas. By contrast, we observed no SST change or oceanic warming (∼1.5–2°C) during the episodes of Northern Hemisphere cooling between ∼21–40 ka. We therefore suggest that the “Antarctic-like” timing and amplitude of millennial-scale SST variations in the subtropical Northwestern Pacific between 20–40 ka may have been determined by rapid ocean adjustment processes in response to abrupt wind stress and meridional temperature gradient changes in the North Pacific.
    Description: This research was funded by the National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan to M.T.C. (NSC96‐2611‐M‐019‐008 and NSC96‐2611‐M‐019‐009) and C.C.S. (NSC98‐2611‐M002‐006). X.P.L. was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (40930844 and 40706006), China’s National Basic Research Priorities Programmer (2005CB422303 and 2007CB411804), 111 Project (B07036), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NECT‐07‐0781).
    Keywords: Kuroshio ; Pacific ; Sea surface temperature ; Mg/Ca ; Oxygen isotope ; East Asian monsoon
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: text/plain
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  • 4
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    New Eunicellin Diterpenes and 9,10-Secosteroids from the Gorgonian Muricella sibogae (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-20
    Description: Bioactivity-guided isolation of the rare gorgonian Muricella sibogae ( Nutting ) yielded the two new eunicellin diterpenes sibogin A and B ( 1 and 2 ), the three new 9,10-secosteroids sibogol A–C ( 6 – 8 ), together with the three known eunicellin diterpenes 3 – 5 and the five known 9,10-secosteroids 9 – 13 . Their structures were established by extensive spectral analysis (1D- and 2D-NMR, IR, and MS). The cytotoxicity of the isolates 1 – 13 was evaluated in vitro against the selected tumor cell lines P388 and BEL-7402. All the compounds showed only weak activity against P388 cell lines, with an inhibition rate ranging from 10 to 60% at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, whereas the were inactive against BEL-7402 cell lines.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a high-risk Chinese population (2013)
    BioMed Central
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-06
    Description: Background: Lifestyle plays an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. The lifestyle in Guangzhou is different from other cities in China as the Cantonese prefer eating rice porridge, but not spicy foods. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and determinants of diabetic retinopathy in a high-risk population of Guangzhou. Methods: Subjects (619 totals) aged over 45 years old, without known diabetes were recruited from five randomly selected Guangzhou communities in 2009--2010. All participants were invited to complete the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire. Subjects with FINDRISC score 〉= 9 were included in the study, and underwent an investigation of demographic data, a standardized physical examination, ocular fundus examination, and laboratory analyses. The minimum criterion for diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy was the presence of at least one microaneurysm. Results: Of 619 subjects, 208 eligible subjects (122 women) with FINDRISC score 〉= 9 were included in the study. The mean age was 69.2 +/- 8.5 years. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 31 subjects, and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in subjects with high risk for diabetes was 14.9%. In binary logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy were history of impaired glucose regulation [odds ratio (OR), 7.194; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.083, 47.810], higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; OR, 2.912; 95% CI: 1.009, 8.402), higher two-hour postprandial plasma glucose level (OR, 1.014; 95% CI: 1.003, 1.025), and presence of microalbuminuria (OR, 5.387; 95% CI: 1.255, 23.129). Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy was prevalent in a high-risk Chinese population from Guangzhou. Histories of impaired glucose regulation and microalbuminuria were strong risk factors for diabetic retinopathy.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 6
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    Post-Self-Assembly Cross-Linking to Integrate Molecular Nanofibers with Copolymers in Oscillatory Hydrogels (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B DOI: 10.1021/jp401353e
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5207
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 7
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    Current potassium-management status and grain-yield response of Chinese maize to potassium application (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-22
    Description: The great achievement of the development of intensive in agriculture in China can be partly attributed to substantial increases in mineral-nutrient application. However, whereas farmers tend to apply high levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application of potassium (K) has been neglected. A greater understanding of the relationship between maize ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and K-application rate is thus required to provide an improved rationale for K fertilization for farmers in the various agro-ecological regions of China. In this study, a total of 2765 farmers' survey data and 3124 on-farm experiments across major maize agro-ecological regions in China were collected and evaluated for farmers' K-management status and to determine grain-yield response to K application. Nationally, the average K-application rate on farms was 26 kg K ha –1 and varied from 0 to 158 kg K ha –1 , with a coefficient of variation of 107%, but the applied K-fertilizer rates were not related to grain yield. Maize grain yields at recommended K rates increased by 14.0%, 14.7%, 19.4%, and 4.3% in Northeast China, North China Plain, Southwest China, and Northwest China, respectively, compared to zero K fertilization (K 0 ). Increased yield due to K fertilization (IY max , difference between maximum yield across all treatments and K 0 -treatment yield for each experiment) averaged 1.4 t ha –1 but varied widely in different agro-ecological regions. Soil extractable K (NH 4 OAc-K) and intercounty variation resulted in large variation in IY max in agro-ecological regions, as did other factors, such as use of particular maize hybrids, soil types, or years in different regions.
    Print ISSN: 1436-8730
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2624
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    In vivo Optical Coherence Tomography of Light-Driven Melanosome Translocation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-13
    Description: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) may revolutionize fundamental investigation and clinical management of age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases. However, quantitative OCT interpretation is hampered due to uncertain sub-cellular correlates of reflectivity in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to test OCT correlates in the RPE, and 2) to demonstrate the feasibility of longitudinal OCT monitoring of sub-cellular RPE dynamics. A high resolution OCT was constructed to achieve dynamic imaging of frog eyes, in which light-driven translocation of RPE melanosomes occurred within the RPE cell body and apical processes. Comparative histological examination of dark- and light-adapted eyes indicated that the RPE melanin granule, i.e., melanosome, was a primary OCT correlate. In vivo OCT imaging of RPE melanosomes opens the opportunity for quantitative assessment of RPE abnormalities associated with disease, and enables longitudinal investigation of RPE kinetics correlated with visual function. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep02644
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Insights into Caerulomycin A Biosynthesis: A Two-Component Monooxygenase CrmH-Catalyzed Oxime Formation (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/ja410513g
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 10
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    Genome-wide variations in a natural isolate of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (2014)
    BioMed Central
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-03
    Description: Background: Increasing genetic and phenotypic differences found among natural isolates of C. elegans have encouraged researchers to explore the natural variation of this nematode species. Results: Here we report on the identification of genomic differences between the reference strain N2 and the Hawaiian strain CB4856, one of the most genetically distant strains from N2. To identify both small- and large-scale genomic variations (GVs), we have sequenced the CB4856 genome using both Roche 454 (~400 bps single reads) and Illumina GA DNA sequencing methods (101 bps paired-end reads). Compared to previously described variants (available in WormBase), our effort uncovered twice as many single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and increased the number of small InDels almost 20-fold. Moreover, we identified and validated large insertions, most of which range from 150 bps to 1.2 kb in length in the CB4856 strain. Identified GVs had a widespread impact on protein-coding sequences, including 585 single-copy genes that have associated severe phenotypes of reduced viability in RNAi and genetics studies. Sixty of these genes are homologs of human genes associated with diseases. Furthermore, our work confirms previously identified GVs associated with differences in behavioural and biological traits between the N2 and CB4856 strains. Conclusions: The identified GVs provide a rich resource for future studies that aim to explain the genetic basis for other trait differences between the N2 and CB4856 strains.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2164
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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