Note: Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 WADER BIRDS -- 2 THE WADER WATCHERS -- 3 SPACING AND DISPERSION -- 4 DOWNS, BRECKS AND FARMLANDS -- Stone Curlew -- Oystercatcher -- Lapwing -- 5 MOORS AND HEATHLANDS -- Golden Plover -- Curlew -- Whimbrel -- 6 FLOWS AND PEATLANDS -- Greenshank -- Snipe -- Dunlin -- 7 LOCH, RIVER AND STREAM -- Common Sandpiper -- Red-necked Phalarope -- Redshank -- Ringed Plover -- 8 THE FOREST MARSH -- Temminck's Stint -- Wood Sandpiper -- Green Sandpiper -- 9 THE WOODCOCK -- 10 THE DOTTEREL -- 11 NEW OR RETURNING WADERS -- 12 PIPE-DREAM WADERS -- Selected bibliography -- Tables -- Sonagrams -- Index of birds -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- W -- Y -- General index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Note: Front Cover -- Coastal Risk Management in a Changing Climate -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 THESEUS Project -- 1.3 This Book -- References -- Chapter 2 - Developing a Holistic Approach to Assessing and Managing Coastal Flood Risk -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Flood Nomenclature: Vulnerability, Risk, and Resilience -- 2.3 Describing the Coastal Flood System: The Source-Pathway-Receptor-Consequence Model -- 2.4 Assessment of Existing Flood Management -- 2.5 Flood Damage -- 2.6 The Social Context of Flooding at the Coast -- 2.7 Coastal Habitats Within the Flood System -- 2.8 The Physical Context of Flooding at the Coast -- 2.9 Handling Uncertainty -- 2.10 Capturing Future Changes -- 2.11 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 - Innovative Engineering Solutions and Best Practices to Mitigate Coastal Risk -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Floating Breakwaters and Wave Energy Converters -- 3.3 Innovative Submerged Structures -- 3.4 Overtopping Resistance of Grass-covered Landward Slopes of Dikes -- 3.5 Upgrade of Conventional Rubble Mound Breakwaters and Revetments -- 3.6 Management of Sediment Resources -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 - Ecological Approaches to Coastal Risk Mitigation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Management of Sandy Habitats: Sandy Beaches to Sand Dunes -- 4.3 Management of Saltmarsh Habitats -- 4.4 Management of Biogenic Reefs -- 4.5 Management of Seagrass Meadows -- 4.6 Ecological Design Considerations for Hard Structures -- 4.7 Interaction of Multiple Stressors in the Coastal Zone -- 4.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 - Nonstructural Approaches to Coastal Risk Mitigations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Insurance -- 5.3 Spatial (Land Use) Planning -- 5.4 Business Continuity Planning -- 5.5 Postflood Recovery, Vulnerability, and Resilience. , 5.6 Risk Communications at the Crossroads of Vulnerability Reduction and Resilience Enhancement -- 5.7 Evacuation Plans -- 5.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 - Toward Sustainable Decision Making -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Efficiency, Equity, and Sustainability of Mitigation Options -- 6.3 Evaluation of Mitigation Options -- 6.4 Legislative Constraints -- 6.5 Decision Making -- 6.6 Decision Support Systems -- 6.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 - Case Studies Worldwide -- 7.0 - Introduction -- 7.1 - Extreme Estuarine Water Levels and Channel Morphology, Effect on Flood Extents and Habitat Resilience: The Scheldt Es ... -- 7.1.1 Description of the Site -- 7.1.2 The Scheldt Estuary Flood System -- 7.1.3 Application of the SPRC Model -- 7.1.4 Flood Sources and Drivers for the Dendermonde Case -- 7.1.5 Flood Mapping and Impacts -- 7.1.6 How Sediment Dynamics May Alter Conclusions on Flood and Erosion Risks -- 7.1.7 Conclusions and Recommendations for Risk Assessment Studies -- Acknowledgments -- 7.2 - Mitigating Flood and Erosion Risk using Sediment Management for a Tourist City: Varna, Bulgaria -- 7.2.1 Description of the Site -- 7.2.2 Risk Assessment -- 7.2.3 Mitigation Measures -- 7.2.4 Planning the Best Combination of Defense Strategies -- 7.2.5 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- 7.3 - Coastal Wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary, China -- 7.3.1 Description of the Site -- 7.3.2 Existing Management -- 7.3.3 Coastal Wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary -- 7.3.4 Present Climate and Environmental Conditions and Future Trends -- 7.3.5 Vulnerability Assessment of the Coastal Wetlands under SLR -- 7.3.6 Mitigation Measures -- 7.3.7 Conclusion -- 7.4 - Managing Risk in a Large Flood System, the Gironde Estuary, France -- 7.4.1 Description of the Site -- 7.4.2 Existing Coastal Policy and Management Strategies. , 7.4.3 Flood System in the Gironde Estuary -- 7.4.4 Flooding in the Estuary -- 7.4.5 Mitigation Measures -- 7.4.6 Strategic Management (in the Short, Mid, and Long Term) -- 7.4.7 Policy Implications and Overall Conclusions and Recommendations -- 7.5 - Flood Hazard Mitigation in a Heavily Modified Estuary, the Elbe Estuary, Germany -- 7.5.1 Description of the Site -- 7.5.2 Physical Characteristics -- 7.5.3 Historical Development of the Estuary -- 7.5.4 The Flood System within the Elbe Estuary -- 7.5.5 Flood Mapping for HafenCity -- 7.5.6 Mitigation Measures -- 7.5.7 Strategic Management -- 7.5.8 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- 7.6 - Risk Assessment and Mitigation in a Low-lying Coastal Area: Cesenatico, Northern Italy -- 7.6.1 Characterization of the Site -- 7.6.2 Risk Modeling -- 7.6.3 Identification of Mitigation Options -- 7.6.4 Preliminary Design of Mitigation Options -- 7.6.5 Selection of the Portfolio of Mitigation Measures -- 7.6.6 Impacts of the Portfolio of Mitigation Options -- 7.6.7 Strategic Management and Policy Implications -- 7.7 - Balancing Flood and Erosion Risk with Landscape Sustainability: Cancun, Mexico -- 7.7.1 Description of the Site -- 7.7.2 Characterization of the Flood System -- 7.7.3 Application of the SPRC Model -- 7.7.4 Risk Mitigation Measures -- 7.7.5 Strategic Management -- Acknowledgments -- 7.8 - Flood and Erosion Management on a Dynamic Spit: the Hel Peninsula, Poland -- 7.8.1 Description of the Site -- 7.8.2 The Current Flood System -- 7.8.3 Application of the SPRC Model -- 7.8.4 Meteomarine Climate: Present Conditions and Long-Term Trends -- 7.8.5 Flood Mapping -- 7.8.6 Erosion Scenarios -- 7.8.7 Mitigation Measures -- 7.8.8 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations -- 7.9 - Flooding and Erosion Risk Analysis in Santander Bay, Spain -- 7.9.1 Description of the Site. , 7.9.2 The Coastal System -- 7.9.3 Flood and Erosion Risk Modeling -- 7.9.4 Mitigation Measures -- 7.9.5 Cost and Benefit Analysis for the Mitigation Measures -- 7.9.6 Policy Implications -- 7.9.7 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations -- 7.10 - Teign Estuary, South Devon, UK: Stakeholder-Led Mitigation -- 7.10.1 Description of the Site -- 7.10.2 Settlements -- 7.10.3 Habitats and Ecology -- 7.10.4 Existing Flood Governance and Management -- 7.10.5 Quantifying Flood Risk Under Climate Change -- 7.10.6 Stakeholders and Flood Mitigation -- 7.10.7 Future Mitigation Options for the Teign Estuary -- 7.10.8 Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Foreword -- Part I Synthesis/Overview -- 1 Knowledge Gained from Video-Monitoring Grassland Passerine Nests -- 2 Conservation Implications When the Nest Predators Are Known -- 3 Gamebirds and Nest Cameras: Present and Future -- Part II Breeding Behavior -- 4 Hatching And Fledging Times From Grassland Passerine Nests -- 5 Attendance Patterns And Survival of Western Meadowlark Nests -- 6 Sprague's Pipit Incubation Behavior -- 7 Patterns of Incubation Behavior In Northern Bobwhites -- 8 The Influence of Weather on Shorebird Incubation -- 9 Nocturnal Activity of Nesting Shrubland and Grassland Passerines -- Part III Behavioral Responses to Predation/Predator Identification -- 10 Bird Productivity and Nest Predation In Agricultural Grasslands -- 11 Predatory Identity can Explain Nest Predation Patterns -- 12 Nest Defense: Grassland Bird Responses To Snakes -- 13 Partial Depredations On Northern Bobwhite Nests -- 14 Identification of Sprague's Pipit Nest Predators -- Part IV Technology -- 15 Development of Camera Technology For Monitoring Nests -- Appendix -- Index -- Complete Series List.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Dedication -- CONTENTS -- WELCOME TO BIRD WATCHING IN THE NORTHEAST -- CREATING A HABITAT -- PROFILES OF BACKYARD BIRDS OF THE NORTHEAST -- Hawks -- Sharp-shinned Hawk -- Cooper's Hawk -- Pigeons & -- Doves -- Rock Pigeon -- Mourning Dove -- Owls -- Eastern Screech-Owl -- Swifts & -- Hummingbirds -- Chimney Swift -- Ruby-throated Hummingbird -- Woodpeckers -- Red-bellied Woodpecker -- Downy Woodpecker -- Hairy Woodpecker -- Northern Flicker -- Pileated Woodpecker -- Flycatchers -- Eastern Phoebe -- Crows & -- Jays -- Gray Jay -- Blue Jay -- American Crow -- Swallows -- Purple Martin -- Tree Swallow -- Barn Swallow -- Chickadees & -- Titmice -- Black-capped Chickadee -- Tufted Titmouse -- Nuthatches -- White-breasted Nuthatch -- Red-breasted Nuthatch -- Wrens -- Carolina Wren -- House Wren -- Thrushes -- Eastern Bluebird -- Wood Thrush -- American Robin -- Mimids -- Gray Catbird -- Northern Mockingbird -- Starlings -- European Starling -- Waxwings -- Cedar Waxwing -- Warblers -- Yellow-rumped Warbler -- Tanagers -- Scarlet Tanager -- Sparrows -- Eastern Towhee -- Chipping Sparrow -- American Tree Sparrow -- Field Sparrow -- Song Sparrow -- White-throated Sparrow -- Dark-eyed Junco -- Cardinals & -- Buntings -- Northern Cardinal -- Rose-breasted Grosbeak -- Indigo Bunting -- Orioles & -- Blackbirds -- Red-winged Blackbird -- Common Grackle -- Brown-headed Cowbird -- Baltimore Oriole -- Finches -- Purple Finch -- House Finch -- Common Redpoll -- Pine Siskin -- American Goldfinch -- Evening Grosbeak -- Weaver Finches -- House Sparrow -- BIRDING HOTSPOTS FOR THE NORTHEAST -- BIRDS I'VE SPOTTED -- RESOURCES -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- J -- K -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- W -- Y -- MEET BILL THOMPSON III.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Dedication & -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Welcome to Bird Watching in the South -- Creating a Habitat -- Profiles of Backyard Birds of the South -- Sharp-shinned Hawk -- Cooper's Hawk -- Rock Pigeon -- Eurasian Collared-Dove -- Mourning Dove -- Common Ground-Dove -- Eastern Screech-Owl -- Chimney Swift -- Ruby-throated Hummingbird -- Red-headed Woodpecker -- Red-bellied Woodpecker -- Downy Woodpecker -- Hairy Woodpecker -- Northern Flicker -- Pileated Woodpecker -- Eastern Phoebe -- Blue Jay -- American Crow -- Purple Martin -- Tree Swallow -- Barn Swallow -- Carolina Chickadee -- Tufted Titmouse -- White-breasted Nuthatch -- Brown-headed Nuthatch -- Carolina Wren -- House Wren -- Eastern Bluebird -- Wood Thrush -- American Robin -- Gray Catbird -- Northern Mockingbird -- Brown Thrasher -- European Starling -- Cedar Waxwing -- Yellow-rumped Warbler -- Summer Tanager -- Eastern Towhee -- Chipping Sparrow -- Field Sparrow -- Song Sparrow -- White-throated Sparrow -- Dark-eyed Junco -- Northern Cardinal -- Indigo Bunting -- Painted Bunting -- Red-winged Blackbird -- Common Grackle -- Brown-headed Cowbird -- Baltimore Oriole -- Purple Finch -- House Finch -- Pine Siskin -- American Goldfinch -- House Sparrow -- Birding Hotspots for the South -- Resources -- Index -- Meet Bill Thompson III -- Copyright Page.

Note: Cover -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of tables -- List of appendices -- List of plates -- List of figures -- Preface -- Authors' preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 The Greenshank -- Chapter 2 The Family -- Chapter 3 Greenshank Country -- Chapter 4 Nest Hunting -- Chapter 5 Individual Greenshanks -- Chapter 6 Groups, Populations and Breeding Density -- Chapter 7 Voice -- Chapter 8 Territory and Dispersion -- Chapter 9 Courtship and Displays -- Chapter 10 Nest -- Chapter 11 Egg, Clutch and Laying Season -- Chapter 12 Brooding and Hatching -- Chapter 13 Young -- Chapter 14 Feeding Habitats, Feeding Behaviour and Food -- Chapter 15 Predators -- Chapter 16 The Breeding Habitat of The Greenshank in Scotland -- Chapter 17 Distribution, Numbers and Movements -- Chapter 18 Progress -- Bibliography -- Tables -- Appendix 1 Description of nesting territories -- Appendix 2 Nest sites and nest linings (D. A. Ratcliffe) -- Appendix 3 Egg-laying notes and observations -- Appendix 4 Analysis of unhatched greenshank egg -- Appendix 5 Food (Glutz 1977) -- Appendix 6 Ringing recoveries (R. Spencer, BTO) -- Appendix 7 Ectoparasites -- Appendix 8 Endoparasites (Parasitic Worms) -- Appendix 9 Hut diary for 21 May 1977 -- Appendix 10 Note on the interpretation of the sound spectrograms -- Appendix 11 World breeding and wintering ranges of greenshank T. nebularia and greater yellowlegs T. melanoleuca -- Colour plates -- Plates.

Note: Intro -- Table of Contents -- Foreword by Stephen Batchelor -- Prologue: The Dalai Lama's Conjecture -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Seeing: What Is Consciousness? -- 2. Waking: How Do We Perceive? -- 3. Being: What Is Pure Awareness? -- 4. Dreaming: Who Am I? -- 5. Witnessing: Is This a Dream? -- 6. Imagining: Are We Real? -- 7. Floating: Where Am I? -- 8. Sleeping: Are We Conscious in Deep Sleep? -- 9. Dying: What Happens When We Die? -- 10. Knowing: Is the Self an Illusion? -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Epigraph -- Introduction -- In the Beginning -- Pets R Us -- Peacocks and Lilies, For Instance -- Swans -- Animal Behaviour -- Phobia -- Bats -- Dominion -- Sentenced to Life -- Merlin -- Pigs Might Fly -- Goat -- On Cats -- Arctophilia -- Loving a Wall -- The Unready -- Crows -- End Run -- The Fox's Tale -- Companions Afloat -- About the Author -- Copyright.

Note: Intro -- ANDROGENS -- ANDROGENS -- Contents -- Preface -- Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer on the Ground of Androgen Milieu in the Prostate -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Androgen Milieu in Blood -- Androgen Milieu in the Prostate -- Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and the Androgen Milieu in the Prostate and in Blood -- Intraprostatic Androgen Milieu during Androgen Deprivation Therapy -- Androgen Milieu in the Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer -- Clinical-Translational Advances of Prostate Cancer -- Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Antagonists: Degarelix -- Cytochrome P450, Family 17, Subfamily A, Polypeptide 1 (CYP17A1) Inhibitors -- Abiraterone Acetate (Zytiga, Johnson & -- Johnson) -- Orteronel (TAK-700) [(1S)-1-(6,7-Dimethoxy-2-Naphthyl)-1-(1H-Imidazol-4-Yl)-2-Methylpropan-1-Ol] -- TOK-001 (VN/124-1) [3 -Hydroxy-17-(1H-Benzimidazole-1-Yl)Androsta-5,16-Diene] -- 3.-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Inhibitors -- Apoptone (HE3235) (17 -Ethynyl-5 -Androstan-3 , 17 -Diol) -- Inhibitors Targeting Androgen Receptor -- A New Androgen Receptor Antagonist, MDV3100 -- A New Androgen Receptor Antagonist, ARN-509 -- An Inhibitor of the Amino Terminal Domain (NTD) of the AR: EPI-001 -- The Prospects of the Androgen Deprivation Therapy on the Ground of Androgen Milieu in the Prostate -- Conclusion -- References -- Clinical Model of Androgen Deficiency - Clinical Model of Androgen Deficiency - Clinical Model of Androgen Deficiency - Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Its Effect on Bone Metabolism, Metabolism and Cognitive Functions -- Introduction -- Methods -- Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) -- Testosterone: A Basal Overview of Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Its Action -- Androgens and Bone Metabolism -- ADT and Its Side Effects -- Bone Loss and Osteoporosis -- Osteoporosis. , Diagnosis of Osteoporosis -- ADT, PCa and Clinical Aspects of Bone Disease -- Treatment of ADT Induced Osteoporosis -- Androgens and Cognitive Functions -- Potential Mechanisms of Action -- Cognitive Functions and ADT -- Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Changes in Body Composition -- ADT and Insulin Resistance -- Early Metabolic Changes -- Late Metabolic Changes -- ADT and Lipid Alterations -- ADT, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease -- References -- The Role of Testosterone in Male Erectile Dysfunction -- 1. Erectile Dysfunction -- 2. Definitions -- 2.1. Total Testosterone -- 2.2. Free Testosterone -- 2.3. Bio-Available/Bioactive Testosterone -- 3. Hypogonadism -- 3.1. Late Onset Hypogonadism -- 3.2. Hypogonadism Prevalence -- 4. Relationship between Testosterone and ED -- 5. Physiology of Erection -- 6. Influence of Testosterone on Penile Erection -- 6.1. NOS/cGMP Pathway -- 6.2. Source of NO -- 6.3. Phosphodiesterases (PDE) -- 7. Making the Diagnosis of Hypogonadism and Working up Erectile Dysfunction -- Patient History -- Physical Exam -- Laboratory Studies -- Specific Diagnostic Tests -- 7.1. Questionnaires -- 7.2. Laboratory Diagnosis -- 7.3. Total Testosterone -- What is the Lower Level of Testosterone Required to Maintain Erection? -- 7.4. Free Testosterone -- 7.5. Calculated Free Testosterone -- 7.6. Other Endocrine Markers -- 8. Testosterone and Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) -- 8.1. Safety, Tolerability and Specific Considerations -- 8.2. Testosterone and PDE5 Inhibitors (PDE5-I) in ED -- References -- Roles of Androgen Receptor in Normal Prostate Development and Prostate Cancer Progression -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dual Roles of the AR in Normal Prostate Development -- 2.1. Stromal AR: Proliferation Stimulator and Survival Factor -- 2.2. Epithelial AR: Survival Factor for Epithelial Luminal Cells. , 2.3. Epithelial AR: Suppressor for Epithelial Basal Intermediate Cell Proliferation -- 2.4. Epithelial AR: Survival Factor for Stromal Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation -- 3. AR Dual Roles in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis -- 3.1. Stromal AR: Stimulator for Tumor Progression and Metastasis -- 3.2. Epithelial AR: Survival Factor for Tumor Progression and Metastasis in Luminal Cells -- 3.3. Epithelial AR: Suppressor for Tumor Progression and Metastasis in Basal Intermediate Cells -- 3.4. Epithelial AR: Suppressor of Prostate Cancer Metastasis -- 4. AR Dual Roles in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines -- 4.1. AR in PC3 Cells: Suppressor for Proliferation and Metastasis -- 4.2. AR in LNCaP Cells: Proliferation Stimulator and Suppressor -- 4.3. AR in CWR22Rv1 Cells: Proliferation Stimulator and Suppressor -- 4.4. AR in PC346C Prostate Cancer Cells: Proliferation Stimulator and Suppressor -- 5. AR Dual Roles in Prostate Cancer Stem Cell Progression -- 6. AR Dual Roles and Human Prostate Cancer Clinical Data -- 7. The Impact of AR Dual Roles on Current Clinical ADT -- 7.1. Challenge to Current ADT -- 7.2. Target the AR at an Early Stage -- 7.3. Concomitant Treatment of AR Antagonism with Anti-Metastasis Agents -- Future Direction -- Conclusion -- References -- Endogenous Pathways for Steroidogenesis and Androgen Signalling in Prostate Cancer Cells -- Summary -- Introduction -- The Prostate -- Androgen Receptor -- Prostate Cancer and Treatment -- Links between Androgen Levels and Prostate Cancer Risk -- Steroidogenesis and Prostate Cancer -- Conclusion -- References -- The Role and Effects of Novel Androgen Therapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. Emergence of Castration Resistance: Androgen Regulation and Signaling -- III. Clinical Studies. , IV. Adverse Effects of Targeting Androgen Regulation: Recent Findings -- Conclusion -- References -- Androgens and Male Fertility: Spermatogenesis and Contraception -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Androgens -- Role of Androgens in Male Sexual Development -- Spermatogenesis -- Hypthalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis -- Role of the Androgen Receptor -- Classical Testosterone Signaling Pathways -- Non-Classical Testosterone Pathways in Sertoli Cells -- Male Hormone Contraception -- References -- Androgens, Cognition and Social Behavior in Children* -- Introduction -- Androgens -- Testosterone -- Androstenedione -- Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) -- Androgen-Secreting Glands -- Suprarenal Glands -- Gonads -- Testicles -- Ovaries -- Biosynthesis of Steroid Hormones -- Action Mechanisms of Androgens -- Sexual Differentiation of the Brain and Behavior -- Sexual Differentiation -- Genetic Sex -- Gonadal Sex -- Hormonal Sex -- Effects of Organization and Activation -- Relation of Androgens to Psychological Processes -- Relationship between Androgens and Social Behavior -- Conclusion -- References -- Androgens, Androgen Suppression, and Prostate Cancer: Recent Preclinical and Clinical Findings and Implications* -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Prevention Studies -- 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors -- Treatment Studies -- Role of ADT in Early Prostate Cancer -- ADT Combined with Radiation -- ADT Combined with Surgery -- ADT for Patients Ineligible for Local Definitive Therapy -- Role of Continuous ADT in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer -- Early versus Late Therapy -- Peripheral Androgen Blockade -- Role of Continuous ADT in Advanced Disease -- Combined Androgen Blockade -- Antiandrogen Monotherapy -- Antiandrogen Withdrawal -- Intermittent ADT -- Role of Intermittent ADT in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. , Role of Intermittent ADT in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Prostate Cancer -- Individual Dosing Based on Testosterone Levels -- Rapid Hormonal Testosterone Cycling -- Other Agents -- Ketoconazole -- Aminoglutethimide -- Abiraterone Acetate -- ADT Combined with Other Modalities -- ADT and Chemotherapy -- ADT and Vaccines -- Adverse Effects of ADT -- Skeletal Changes and Loss of Bone Mineral Density -- Hot Flashes -- Metabolic Syndrome -- Sexual Dysfunction -- Emotional and Cognitive Side Effects -- Systemic Effects -- Biology of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer -- Potentially Therapeutic Approaches Targeting AR -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- NATURAL RESOURCES IN GHANA: MANAGEMENT, POLICY AND ECONOMICS -- NATURAL RESOURCES IN GHANA: MANAGEMENT, POLICY AND ECONOMICS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- BOOK SUMMARY -- PART I. FOREST RESOURCES -- OVERVIEW -- Chapter 1 TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN GHANA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OVERVIEW OF GHANA'S FORESTRY SECTOR -- 2.1. Vegetation, Ecology and Forest Stocks -- 2.2. Policy and Regulatory Changes -- 3. SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT -- 3.1. What Is Sustainable Forest Management? -- 3.2. Criteria and Indicators of SFM -- 4. A RESULTS-BASED FRAMEWORK APPROACH TO SFM -- 5. STRATEGIC OUTCOMES AND ACTIVITIES -- 5.1. Measures to Reduce Deforestation -- 5.1.1. Political Will to Combat Deforestation -- 5.1.2. Sustainable Energy Policy -- 5.1.3. Sustainable Agricultural Policies -- 5.1.4. Curb Illegal Logging -- 5.1.5. Take advantage of International Climate Change Frameworks -- 5.1.6. Ban Surface Mining within all Forests -- 5.1.7. Promote Community Participation -- 5.1.8. Enforce Existing Forestry Legislative and Regulatory Frameworks -- 5.1.9. Eradicate Corruption in the Forestry Sector -- 5.2. Initiatives to Promote Forest Plantation Development -- 5.3. Remove Barriers to Plantation Development -- 5.4. Develop and Implement a National Strategy for SFM -- 5.4.1. Rational and Integrated Policy Planning and Focus -- 5.4.2. Develop and Implement C& -- I -- 5.4.3. Enforce Sustainable Harvesting Standards -- 5.4.4. Pursue Independent Forest Certification -- 5.4.5. Implement Natural Resource and Environmental Accounting -- 5.5. Implementing the Strategic Outcome Plans -- 6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 THREATS TO PROTECTED FOREST AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF ILLEGAL FARMING IN SOUTH-WESTERN GHANA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BACKGROUND -- 2.1. Site Selection -- 2.2. Location and Physiography -- 2.3. Climate. , 2.4. History, Land Use System and Management of TEFR -- 2.5. Human Population and Infrastructure -- 2.6. Classes of Farmers and Land-holding Patterns -- 3. CAUSES OF ILLEGAL FARMING -- 4. ATTEMPTS TO PROTECT FOREST RESERVES FROM ENCROACHMENT -- 4.1. Nature of Conflict between the Task Force and Farmers -- 5. EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT'S ANTI-FOREST ENCROACHMENT PROGRAMME -- 6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. NUTRIENT LOADING: APPLICATION, BENEFITS AND LOADING PERSISTENCE -- 3. WORKING MODELS -- 3.1. Does Growth (Sink Demand) Control Photosynthesis? -- 3.2. Is Root Growth Dependent on Current Photosynthate? -- 4. MODEL OF N TRANSFER WITHIN PLANT TISSUES -- 4.1. Quantitative Models -- 4.1.1. Field Study -- 4.1.2. Greenhouse Study -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 GROWTH AND MANAGEMENT OF TEAK (TECTONA GRANDIS LINN F.) PLANTATIONS IN GHANA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE CRITICAL SILVICS OF TEAK -- 2.1. General Description and Natural Distribution of Teak -- 2.2. Site and Soil Requirement -- 2.3. Establishment and Early Growth -- 2.4. The Growth and Yield of Teak -- 2.5. Adverse Environmental Effects of Teak Plantations -- 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 3.1. Climatic and Site Characteristics -- 3.2. Data Collection -- 3.3. Data Analysis -- 3.3.1. Volume Estimates for Teak Plantations in the Savannah Zone -- 3.3.2. Site Index Development -- 3.3.3. Empirical Yield Models for Northern Ghana -- 3.3.4. Diameter and Height Distribution Models -- 4. RESULTS -- 4.1. Growth and Yield Estimates -- 4.2. Site Index Estimates of Teak in Ghana -- 4.3. Yield Models -- 4.4. Diameter and Height Distribution Models -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX A. PROVISIONAL YIELD TABLES FOR TEAK PLANTATIONS IN THE SZ. , APPENDIX B. PROVISIONAL YIELD TABLES FOR TEAK PLANTATIONS IN THE HFZ -- APPENDIX C. PARAMETER ESTIMATES OF DIAMETER AND HEIGHT OF INDIVIDUAL TEAK PLANTATIONS IN THE SZ -- REFERENCES -- PART II. WILDLIFE RESOURCES -- OVERVIEW -- Chapter 5 BUSHMEAT CRISIS AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN GHANA: TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HISTORY OF WILDLIFE USE AND MANAGEMENT IN GHANA -- 2.1. Traditional Wildlife Use -- 2.2. Legislative Framework -- 3. CURRENT BUSHMEAT ENTERPRISE IN GHANA -- 3.1. Contemporary Wildlife Use -- 3.2. Wildlife's Home -- 3.3. Actors Involved in the Bushmeat Industry -- 3.4. Methods of Bushmeat Hunting -- 3.5. Composition of Bushmeat off Takes -- 3.6. Contribution of Bushmeat to Food Security -- 4. WHY DO PEOPLE HUNT BUSHMEAT? -- 5. SUSTAINABILITY OF BUSHMEAT HARVESTS -- 6. THE SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS TO THE BUSHMEAT CRISIS -- 6.1. Past and Current Efforts -- International/regional Efforts -- Local Research -- 6.2. Towards a Sustainable Future of Wildlife Conservation -- 6.2.1. Government's Responsibility -- Case Study 1: Controlling Hunting in a National Park -- 6.2.2. Local Community Involvement -- Case Study 2: Zimbabwe's Campfire Programme -- 6.2.3. Forestry and Bushmeat Harvest -- Case Study 3: Private Logging Sector Co-management of Hunting -- 6.2.4. The Role of Non-governmental Organisations -- Case Study 4: The Nazinga Game Ranch -- 6.2.5. The Role of Bushmeat Actors -- Case Study 5: Regulating Demand for Wild Meat -- 6.2.6. The Role of International Organisations/Donors -- Case Study 6: Minkebe Project: WWF/MINEF-Bordamur -- 7. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 HUNTING AND TRADING BUSHMEAT IN NORTHERN GHANA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Study Area -- 2.2. Methods -- 3. RESULTS -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. CONCLUSION -- 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. , APPENDIX 1: WILD ANIMAL SPECIES PRESENT AND USUALLY HUNTED IN THE THREE NORTHERN REGIONS OF GHANA -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN GHANA: THE CASE OF GIANT AFRICAN SNAILS IN THE BIA BIOSPHERE RESERVE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BACKGROUND -- 2.1. UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Concept /MAB Programme -- 2.2. Ghana's Biosphere Reserve -- 2.3. Biosphere Reserves for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development in Anglophone Africa (BRAAF) Project -- 3. STUDY SITE -- 4. STUDY METHODS -- 4.1. Phase I -- 4.1.1. Interviews -- 4.1.2. Site Survey -- 4.2. Phase II -- 4.3. Results from Phase I -- 4.3.1. Demography of Interviewees -- 4.3.2. Occupation -- 4.3.3. Loss of "Buffer Zones" -- 4.3.4. Giant African Snail Species Present -- 4.3.5. Snail Harvesting -- 4.3.6. Knowledge about Current Status of Snails -- 4.3.7. Abundance of Giant African Snails -- 4.3.8. Options for Snail Farming -- 4.3.9. Causes of Decline in Abundance of A. Achatina -- 4.3.10. Origin of A. Fulica at BBR Environs -- 4.3.11. Snail Seasons of the Year -- 4.3.12. Traditional Customs Regulating Wild Snail Harvesting -- 4.3.13. Wildlife Division's Strategy for Wild Snail Harvesting -- 4.4. Results from Phase II -- 4.4.1. Giant African Snail Species Present in the BBR -- 4.4.2. Snail Distribution in the BBR -- 4.4.3. Snails Density -- 4.4.4. Snail Encounter Rates -- 4.4.5. Snail Biometrics -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. OPTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL SNAIL INDUSTRY -- 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- PART III. COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT -- OVERVIEW -- Chapter 8 CLAIMS AND REALITIES OF COMMUNITY-BASED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF RURAL FISHERIES IN GHANA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- 3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY. , 4. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT THE UPPER EAST REGION OF GHANA -- 5. HISTORY OF RURAL WATER GOVERNANCE IN NORTHERN GHANA - FROM CUSTOMARY LAW TO WATER USER ASSOCIATIONS -- 5.1. Pre-colonial Times -- 5.2. Under Colonial Rule -- 5.3. Post-independent Developments -- 5.4. Reform Processes and Land and Water Governance Today -- 6. THE CASE OF FISHERIES IN THE UPPER EAST REGION -- 6.1. Historical Development of Fisheries Management in Reservoirs -- 6.1.1. Binduri -- 6.1.2. Kajelo -- 6.2. Comparing the Two Case Studies -- 7. CONCLUSION: PARTICIPATORY RURAL WATER GOVERNANCE IN NORTHERN GHANA - A PRACTICE UNDER REVIEW -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN NORTHERN GHANA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Study Area and Methods -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Pre-Colonial Wildlife Management in Northern Ghana (before 1900) -- 3.1.1. Designated Hunting Areas and Time of Year for Hunting -- 3.1.2. Totenism -- 3.1.3. Obligations to the Chief -- 3.1.4. Sacred Groves and Land Preserved for Wildlife -- 3.1.5. Tools for Hunting -- 3.2. Colonial and Post Colonial Periods (1901 - 2000) -- 3.2.1. Intensive Hunting -- 3.2.2. Taboos Are not Followed -- 3.3. CURRENT WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT (21ST CENTURY) -- 3.3.1. Establishment of Committees -- 3.3.2. Establishment of Community Reserves -- 4. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- APPENDICES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATION IN GHANA: A CASE OF LOCAL MANAGEMENT OF THE AFADJATO AND AGUMATSA CONSERVATION AREA IN GHANA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATION IN GHANA: A REVIEW -- 2. SITE DESCRIPTION AND METHODS -- 2.1. Site Description -- 2.2. Methods -- 2.2.1. Data Collection and Analysis -- 3. RESULTS. , 3.1. The Perceptions of Local People on the Importance of Conserving the AACA.