Anmerkung: Intro -- Experiences of Climate Change Adaptationin Africa -- Foreword -- Contents -- 1 Links Between Capacity and Action in Response to Global Climate Change: A Climate Response Shift at the Local Level -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Capacity and the Climate Change Problem -- Adaptive and Mitigative Capacity -- Response Capacity -- Translating Capacity into Action -- Risk Perception and Varying Responses to Climate Change -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 2 Key Themes of Local Adaptation to Climate Change: Results from Mapping Community-Based Initiatives in Africa -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Conceptual Framework -- Research Results -- Key Themes of Social Resilience -- Key Themes of Economic Resilience -- Critical Success Factors -- Box 1: Some Examples of Community Involvement, Critical Success Factors and Transferability of African CBA Projects -- Discussion -- Some current limitations to successful adaptation -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Potential Climate Change Impacts on Direct Economic Values From Wildlife in the Kilombero Ramsar Site, Tanzania -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Data Collection and Analysis -- Results -- Rainfall Pattern and Probability -- Wildlife Hunting Licenses and Outtakes in the North Kilombero Hunting Block -- Direct Economic Value of Wildlife -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Improving the Participation of Agro-Pastoralists in Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy Formulation: A Case Study from Keiyo District, Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Description of the Study Area -- Research Approach -- Results and Discussion -- Local Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction. , Agro-Pastoralist Involvement in CCA and DRR Policy Processes -- Challenges to Agro-Pastoralist Involvement in Policy Processes -- Opportunities for Enhancing Agro-Pastoralist Involvement in Policy Processes -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- 5 Integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems into Climate Change Adaptation and Enhancing Food Security in Nandi and Keiyo Districts, Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of the Study Area -- Keiyo District -- Nandi District -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Household Demographics and Livelihood Activities -- Common Shocks Affecting Household Food Security Status -- Household Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security Risk Reduction -- Reliability and Opportunities for Integrating IKS in CCA and Food Security -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 Climate Change and the Emergence of Helter-Skelter Livelihoods Among the Pastoralists of Samburu East District, Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Drought and the Pastoralist -- Conflicts Across Ethnic and International Borders, and with Wildlife -- The Aftermath of Floods -- Family and Community Instability -- Facing up to Climate Change: Adapting and Coping -- Tapping into the Resiliency of the Camel -- Turning to Agro-Pastoral Practices -- Livestock Mobility and Micro-Business Ventures -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Carbon Changes Following the Establishment of Exclosure on Communal Grazing Lands in the Semi-Arid Lowlands of Tigray, Ethiopia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Experimental Design -- Soil Sampling, Analyses and Carbon Stock Calculation -- Vegetation Inventory, Above-Ground Biomass and Carbon Estimation -- Statistical Analyses -- Results. , Ecosystem Carbon Stocks in Exclosures and Adjacent Communal Grazing Lands -- Soil, Vegetation and Climatic Variables Explaining Ecosystem Carbon Stocks -- Ecosystem Carbon Stocks and Site Characteristics in Church Forests -- Discussion -- Comparability of Exclosures and the Adjacent Grazing Lands -- Variation of Soil and Above-Ground Carbon Stocks on Communal Grazing Lands -- Changes in Ecosystem Carbon Stock in Relation to Exclosure Age -- Potential of Exclosures to be Considered as a Clean Development Mechanism Project -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Coastal Forest Buffer Zones and Shoreline Change in Zanzibar, Tanzania: Practical Measures for Climate Adaptation? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Zanzibar -- Project Background, Methods and Research Area -- Coastal Erosion and Environmental Change -- Physical Changes Over the Last 50 Years -- Physical Impacts of Sea Level Rise -- Current Pressures and Local Perceptions -- Coastal Forest Buffer Zones: Planning and Issues -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Conflicting Policies: Institutional Approaches Towards Decentralisation and Promoting Climate Change Resilience in Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Methods -- Study Country -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Decentralisation of the Forest Sector -- Equity, Sustainability, Poverty Reduction and Climate Change -- Anthropogenic Impacts Contributing to Climate Change in Kenya -- Impacts of Climate Change in Kenya -- Impact on Development and the Economy -- Extreme Events and Natural Disasters -- Initiatives in Protected Areas and Curbing Climate Change -- Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- References -- 10 Climate Shocks, Perceptions and Coping Options in Semi-Arid Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Climate Change Perceptions. , Climate Shocks and Outcomes -- Coping Options and Knowledge of Climatic and Agricultural Information -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Drought Monitoring in Food-Insecure Areas of Ethiopia by Using Satellite Technologies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- An Overview of Drought Monitoring and Modelling -- Drought Object Modelling -- Materials and Methods -- Theoretical Framework -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Materials -- GIS Data Processing and Preliminary Results -- Relationships Between Precipitation and NDVI -- NDVI and Deviation of NDVI for Spatially Locating Drought -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 A Swot Analysis of Mitigation of Climate Change Through REDD -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Strengths of REDD -- REDD Can Serve as a Source of Funds for Sustainable Forest Management -- Ecological Benefits of REDD -- REDD Can Contribute to Poverty Alleviation -- Weaknesses of REDD -- Ecological Versus Economic Rate of Operation -- Spatial and Sectoral Leakages -- Unintended Positive Effects of REDD -- Insufficiency, Unreliability and Complications of REDD Funding -- Tendency to Justify REDD on the Basis of the Lower end of its Costs -- Opportunities for REDD -- Willingness of Developing and Developed Countries to Participate in REDD -- Learning from Similar Past Initiatives -- Threats to REDD -- Poor Governance -- Political Instability and War -- Loss of Interest in REDD by the International Community -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Environmental Mainstreaming in Development Policy and Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study from Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Development Planning Framework -- The District-Focus Planning Framework -- The National Economic and Social Council-led Planning Framework -- Environmental Planning Framework. , Kenya's Environmental Mainstreaming Strategies -- Normative Strategies: Political Commitment and Strategic Vision -- Organisational Strategies: Institutional Arrangements and Practices -- Procedural Strategies: Assessment and Consultation -- Use of Policy Instruments for Environmental Mainstreaming -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- 14 Net Primary Productivity Response to Climate Change in the Mount Kenya Ecosystem -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- CASA Model -- Data Used -- General Circulation Model Downscaling -- Results and Discussions -- GCM Downscaling and Validation -- Climatic Scalar Variability -- Estimated CASA Model NPP -- Conclusions -- References -- 15 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change by Developing Promising Strategies Using Analogue Locations in Eastern and Southern Africa: Introducing the Calesa Project -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Scope of the Project and Methodology -- Stakeholders and Expected Outputs -- Conclusions -- References -- 16 The Unitar Climate Change Programme: Innovative Adaptation Initiatives in Africa -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Current and Recent Activities -- Outputs of ACCCA -- Conclusions -- References -- Home Pages, Videos and Resources -- 17 A Grassroots Initiative to Disseminate Solar Energy Technologies in Ethiopia: Implications to Climate Change Education -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Problem and Rationale -- Rationale Behind the Grassroots Initiative -- Background to the Grassroots Initiative -- Methodology -- Selection of Participating Schools -- Textbooks' Review -- Field Survey -- Results -- Integration of Issues Related to Energy and Environment -- Impacts of the Handbook -- Dissemination of Solar Home Systems -- Solar Cookers and Driers -- Sings of Sustainability -- Discussion -- Conclusion and Implication -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 18 Integrating Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge Systems for Climate Change Adaptation in Zambia.

Anmerkung: Intro -- The Economic, Social and Political Elements of Climate Change -- Foreword -- Contents -- Part I: Social Aspects of Climate Change -- Chapter 1: Adaptive Capacities of European City Regions in Climate Change: On the Importance of Governance Innovations for Regional Climate Policies -- Introduction: Adaptation Policies for European Regions -- Knowledge: What Are the Dominating Narrative Frames of Regional Climate Policies? -- Infrastructure: Is the ``European City´´ an Adapted Urban Development Strategy? -- Institutions: Multi-Level Governance for Successful Climate Policy Integration -- Governance Innovations: Lessons from Innovative Institutions for Regional Adaptation in Northern Hesse -- Conclusions: Integration of Climate Change Policy into Regional Governance Needed -- References -- Chapter 2: An Assessment of Climate-Induced Conflict Risks Over Shared Water Resources in Africa -- Introduction -- Climate Change and Freshwater Demands in Africa -- Difficulties, Constraints and Limitations Related to Climatic Changes in Africa -- Case Studies on African Water Conflicts -- Cameroon Versus Nigeria on Lake Chad -- Problem Definition -- Senegal Versus Mauritania -- Problem Definition -- Ghana Versus Burkina Faso (1998) -- Problem Definition -- Niger Versus Nigeria on the Niger River Basin -- Problem Definition -- Eastern Africa (IGAD Region) -- Problem Definition -- Conflict Resolution Techniques -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 3: Indigenous Communities and Climate Change Policy: An Inclusive Approach -- Introduction -- Social Impact of Climate Change on Indigenous Communities Across the Globe -- The Social Impact of Climate Change on Indigenous Communities in Asia -- Role of Indigenous Communities in Dealing with Climate Change -- Potential Response of Indigenous Communities -- Adaptive Strategies in the Past. , Adaptive Strategies in the Present -- The Impact of Climate Change on Indigenous Communities in India -- Tackling Water Stress with Traditional Practices in India -- Carbon Offsetting Techniques -- Why There Is a Need To Have an Inclusive Approach in Climate Change Policy -- Adaptation and Mitigation -- Policy Issues and Gaps -- Recommendations and the Way Forward to Copenhagen -- Areas for Further Research -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Mitigating Climate Change Via Clean Energy Financing: An Assessment of the Asian Development Bank´s Mitigation Efforts in Southeast Asia -- Introduction -- Economic, Energy and Emission Trends in the Study Countries -- Nexus Between Climate Change Mitigation, the Clean Energy Paradigm, and Energy for the Poor -- Financing Issues and the Funding Role of MDBs -- ADB´s Engagement in Clean Energy Finance: A Case Study -- Assessment of ADB´s Clean Energy Strategies in Southeast Asia -- Conceptual Assessment of ADB´s Country Strategies -- Operational Assessment of ADB Energy Sector Lending -- Some Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- Appendix: Assessment of ADB Energy Sector Portfolio -- References -- Chapter 5: Nikan oti (the future): Adaptation and Adaptive Capacity in Two First Nations Communities -- Introduction -- Elder Contributions -- Historical Changes -- Adaptive Capacity -- James Smith Capacity To Adapt -- Shoal Lake Capacity To Adapt -- First Nation Spiritual Philosophies -- Thought for the Future -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Mitigation of the Earth´s Economy: A Viable Strategy for Insurance Systems -- Insurance Systems and Climate Change -- Linked Social‒Ecological Systems -- Three Systems . . . -- . . .in Relationship -- Why Mitigation Is a Necessity for Insurance Systems -- Reflexive Mitigation: A Viable Insurance System Approach. , Did a Reflexive Mitigation Path for Insurance Appear Post-Katrina? -- A Stable Basis for Adaptation with Grace -- Adaptation to Climate Change: Business-as-Usual -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Contribution of Urban Agriculture to Food Security, Biodiversity Conservation and Reducing Agricultural Carbon Footprint -- Introduction -- Urban Agriculture and Food Security -- Urban Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation -- Urban Agriculture, Carbon Footprint and Carbon Credit -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Temporal Metaphor in Abrupt Climate Change Communication: An Initial Effort at Clarification -- Introduction -- Metaphor in Climate Change Communication -- Steven Jay Gould´s Dichotomy of Temporal Metaphor -- Metaphor and Analogy in Warnings of Abrupt Climate Change -- Insight into Signals of Danger -- Theoretical References -- Overextension -- Re-description and Conventionalization -- Implications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: The Increase of Global Temperature as a Result of the Greenhouse Effect: Assessing the Reasons for Disagreement Among Scientists -- Introduction -- Research Methodology -- Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: The Social Dilemma of Climate Change: Socio-economic Implications -- Introduction: Climate Change Is Essentially a Social Dilemma -- Social Dilemmas -- Climate Warming Is an Asymmetric Dilemma -- There Are Many Stakeholders in the Dilemma -- Is Climate Warming Still a Blind Environmental Dilemma? -- Temporal Aspects of Climate Warming -- Implications of the Structural Complexity: Institutions Are Necessary -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Towards a Psychology of Climate Change -- Introduction -- Understanding Climate Change: Human Difficulties with Complexity -- Forming Individual Knowledge. , Emotional Responses to Climate Change and Their Role in Motivating Behaviour -- The Perception of Individual Risk Related to Climate Change -- Motivation of Behaviour: The Multi-determination of Behaviour -- Evaluation of Behavioural Outcomes -- Direct Versus Mediated Experiences of Climate Change -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Worldviews and Climate Change: Harnessing Universal Motivators to Enable an Effective Response -- Introduction -- Paper -- Embracing ``Historical Obligation´´ -- Reframing Climate Change from Private to Public Interest -- Finding ``Flow´´ -- Collective ``Flow´´ -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Economic Aspects of Climate Change -- Chapter 13: Analysis of Green Investment Scheme for Energy Efficiency Measures in Latvia -- Introduction -- International Emissions Trading -- Green Investment Schemes -- Climate Change Financial Instrument -- Existing Situation of Energy Efficiency in Buildings -- State-Owned Buildings -- Municipal Buildings -- Residential Buildings -- Implementation of the Climate Change Financial Instrument in the Building Sector -- State and Municipal Buildings -- Residential Buildings -- Discussions -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Carbon Credit Currency for the Future -- Introduction -- Regulatory Mechanism: Kyoto Protocol -- Carbon Market -- Introduction to Carbon Credits -- Need for Carbon Credits -- Clean Development Mechanism -- Joint Implementation -- Emissions Trading -- Market Structure -- Allowance-Based Markets -- EU ETS -- New South Wales -- Chicago Climate Exchange -- Project-Based Markets -- Market Classifications -- European Climate Exchange -- What Are Futures? -- The Role of Markets -- Where Do They Develop? -- What Does Trading Derivatives Involve? -- ECX Derivatives -- Twofold Role of Derivatives -- Derivatives and the EU ETS -- Chicago Climate Exchange. , Trading on the Exchange -- Future of the Carbon Market -- Voluntary Market: Gaining Momentum -- Beyond the Carbon Market -- Is There a Post-2012 Market? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Climate Change and Agricultural Production in Vietnam -- Introduction -- Methodology and Data -- The Trend of Climate Change -- Air Temperature -- Absolute Minimum Temperature -- Sunshine Duration -- Rainfall -- Storms in Vietnam -- The Impact of Climate Change and Sea Level Rise on Agriculture -- The Impact of Climate Change -- The Impact of Sea Level Rise -- Red River Delta -- Mekong River Delta -- Central Coastal Provinces -- Adaptation Strategies for the Agricultural Sector -- For Agriculture -- For Forestry -- For Water Resources -- For Aquaculture -- Some Responses to the Impacts of Climate Change on Future Agriculture -- Response to Climate Change by 2050 -- Mountain and Midland (Region I) -- Red River Delta (Region II) -- Coastal Northern Centre (Region III) -- Coastal Southern Centre (Region IV) -- Central Highlands (Region V) -- Northeast South and Mekong River Delta (Region VI, VII) -- Response to Climate Change After 2050 -- Mountain and Midland (Region I) -- Red River Delta (Region II) -- Coastal Centre (Region III, IV) -- Central Highlands (Region V) -- Northeast South and Mekong River Delta (Region VI, VII) -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Climate Change and Economic Uncertainty in the Wine Sector: A Case Study of the Maule Region, Chile -- Introduction -- Vulnerability Approach: Conceptual Model of Vulnerability -- Analytical Framework -- Case Study: Maule Region -- Methods -- Results -- Exposure-Sensitivities -- Current Opportunities and Adaptive Strategies -- Current Risks and Adaptive Strategies -- Future Exposure-Sensitivities -- Future Adaptive Capacity -- Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 17: Critical Parameters for Mass-Cargo Affine Industries Due to Climate Change in Germany: Impacts of Low Water Events on Industry and Possible Adaptation Measures.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Climate Change and the Sustainable Use of Water Resources -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I -- 1 Climate Change Impacts on Green Water Fluxes in the Eastern Mediterranean -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data Quality -- Method of Investigation -- Soil Moisture and Runoff -- Transpiration -- Results -- Soil Moisture Dynamics -- Direct Evaporation -- Transpiration -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Stormwater Reuse via Aquifer Storage and Recovery: Risk Assessment for Sandy AquifersTC ''Stormwater reuse via aquifer storage and recovery:'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Benefits and Constraints of ASR -- Stormwater Versus Treated Effluent -- ASR Technique: Theory and Case Studies -- Site Selection Considerations -- Water Quality Considerations -- Microbial Pathogens -- Natural Organic Matter -- Redox Reactions -- Ion Exchange -- Dissolution/Precipitation -- ASR in Use -- First Conclusions -- Stormwater ASR in Sandy Aquifers -- Stormwater Quality -- Total Suspended Solids -- Nutrients and Oxygen -- Organic Carbon -- Heavy Metals -- Metal Behaviour During the ASR Cycle -- Pretreatment -- Injection -- Storage -- Recovery -- Overall -- Implications and Recommendations -- Implications for Stormwater ASR in Sandy Aquifers -- Aquifer Selection Recommendations -- Monitoring Recommendations -- Pretreatment Recommendations -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Hydrologic Balance of Citarum Watershed under Current and Future ClimateTC ''Hydrologic Balance of Citarum Watershed Under Current and Future Climate'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Streamflow Analysis -- Hydrology Balance Analysis -- Water Supply -- Water Demand -- Water Supply Scenarios -- Water Demand Scenarios -- Results of Analysis -- Impact of ENSO on Streamflow -- Water Supply -- Water Balance. , No Change in Rainfall Scenario -- Change in Rainfall Scenario -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 4 Towards a Database for an Information Management System on Climate Change: An Online Resource -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Problem Definition -- Goals and Objectives -- Materials and Methods -- Conclusion -- Supporting Information Available -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Evapotranspiration and Soil SalinizationTC ''Assessing the impact of climate change on evapotranspiration and soil salinization'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II -- 6 The South African Water Sector: On its Way Towards Adaptive Water Governance?TC ''The South African Water Sector: on its Way Towards Adaptive Water Governance?'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Towards a Concept for Adaptive Water Governance -- Adaptive Governance -- Good Governance -- Water Governance -- Adaptive Water Governance -- The Problem of Interplay: Multi-Level and Horizontal Governance -- The Problem of Fit: Polycentric, Flexible and Redundant Governance Structures -- Social Sustainability: Equity, Integration and Participation -- Economic Sustainability: Efficiency and Coherence -- Political Sustainability: Rule of Law, Accountability and Transparency -- Ecological Sustainability and Responsiveness -- Synergies and Trade-Offs Between the Elements of Adaptive Water Governance -- Adaptive Water Governance Applied to South African Water Governance Reforms -- Flexible Institutions: the National Water Act -- Redundancy: Functional Overlap of Institutions -- Participation of Stakeholders: Top--Down Versus Bottom--Up -- Equity: Providing Equal Access to Water and Sanitation Services -- Conclusion. , Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Increase in Port Downtime and Damage in Vietnam Due To a Potential Increase in Tropical Cyclone IntensityTC ''Increase in Port Downtime and Damage in Vietnam Due to a Potential Increase in Tropical Cyclone Intensity'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Assumptions -- Tropical Cyclone Data -- Population Projections -- GDP Projections -- Simulation Methodology -- Increase in Tropical Cyclone Intensity in the Year 2085 -- Effect of Maximum Sustained Wind Speed on Radius of Tropical Cyclone -- Computation of Wind Downtime and Minimum Damage Threshold -- Estimation of Indirect Damage -- Loss of Productivity of Ports -- Effect of Climate Change on Port Operations -- Estimation of Direct Damage -- Implications and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Hydro-Economic Analysis for Water Resources Management in a Changing ClimateTC ''Hydro-Economic Analysis for Water Resources Management in a Changing Climate'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Hydro-Economic Models: Concept and Design -- A Description of the Approach -- Examples of Model Design -- Analysing Adaptation in Water Resources Management with a Hydro-Economic Approach -- Water and Agriculture -- Water and its Multiple Users -- Additional Applications of Hydro-Economic Models -- New Infrastructure and Water Markets -- Flood Infrastructure Investments -- Institutional Aspects: Barriers to Climate Resilient Water Management -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Climate Change and Water Resource Availability: What to Do? -- Abstract -- Water Resource and Climate Change: A Background -- Another Global Problem Connected with Water Resource: The Price of Water -- Adaptation to Climate Change as Sustainable Water Management -- A Way for Sustainable Water Management: Environmental Education as Ethics of Consumption for Young Generations. , Discussion of Results -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability Among Smallholder Farmers in TanzaniaTC ''Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability Among Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Evolution and Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Study Areas -- Vertical Progress of Farmer Groups -- Step Towards an Economic Stage -- Horizontal Expansion of Farmer Group Activities -- Impacts of Climate Change Adaptations on Land Cover Degradation -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 ''Greening'' Integrated Water Resources Management Policies for Tackling Climate Change Impacts: A Call for Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Concept of IWRM -- IWRM and Climate Change -- Greening IWRM: A Demand of the Time -- Why ''Greening IWRM''? -- What is Green IWRM? -- Greening IWRM: A Process Approach -- Greening IWRM: The Case of Bangladesh -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Urbanization and Flood Vulnerability in a Peri-Urban Neighbourhood of Dakar, Senegal: How can Participatory GIS Contribute to Flood Management?TC ''Urbanization and flood vulnerability in a peri-urban neighborhood of Dakar (Senegal): How can participatory GIS contribute to flood management?'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- The problem of Floods at the Peri-Urban Interface -- GIS as a Diagnostic Tool -- GIS as a Prescriptive Tool -- Alternative GISs: PPGIS, PGIS, and CiGIS -- PGIS: a Definition -- Participation in PGIS -- The Benefits of Participation -- Access to Differentiated Information -- The Potential for Empowerment -- Objectives -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Results -- The Urbanization Process -- The Influence of Landforms -- The Influence of Land Availability -- The Influence of Land Price -- Risk Awareness and Marginalization. , PGIS: The Intersection between Intervention and Research -- Participation and Empowerment -- Participation and an Improved Access to Knowledge -- Conclusion -- References -- 13 Vulnerability of Andean Communities to Climate Variability and Climate ChangeTC ''Vulnerability of Andean Communities to Climate Variability and Climate Change'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Governance, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change -- The Study Areas -- The Vulnerability of the Basins -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Water Management Issues in Southern Tunisia Under a Climate Change ContextTC ''Water Management Issues in the Southern Tunisia Under Climate Change Context'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Cross-border Water Management Issues -- Southern Tunisia Water Policy Milestones -- Technical Constraints -- The Illegal Oasis Extension -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Climate Change and its Impacts on the Livelihoods of the Vulnerable People in the Southwestern Coastal Zone in BangladeshTC ''Climate Change and its Impacts on the Livelihoods of the Vulnerable People in the Southwestern Coastal Zone in Bangladesh'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Key Hazards, Vulnerabilities and Risks Due to Climate Change -- Current Climate -- Sea Level Rise -- Saltwater Intrusion -- Increased Intensity of Extreme Events -- Increasing Cyclones and Storm Surges -- Climate Change Impacts on Coastal Flooding -- Increased Drought -- Key Impacts and Vulnerabilities -- Crop Agriculture and Food Security -- Livestock -- Coastal Zone -- Impact on Mangrove Ecosystem -- Settlements and Infrastructure -- Impact on Livelihoods -- Vulnerability of Small Farmers in the Coastal Zone -- Wage Labour in the Coastal Zone -- Changing Lives -- Losing Livelihood: Gradually -- Lost Livelihood: Sudden -- Summary of the Key Impacts. , Adaptation Strategies for Reducing Vulnerabilities Due to Climate Change.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Scope -- 1.1.1 Food Losses -- 1.1.2 Food Residuals -- 1.1.3 By-Products, Including Animal By-Products -- 1.1.4 Food Waste -- References -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Legislation -- 2.2 Waste Management Hierarchy -- 2.2.1 Differences and Similarities in the Waste Management Hierarchies -- 2.3 Bio-Waste -- 2.4 Food Waste -- References -- 3 Causes of Food Waste Generation -- 3.1 Consumer Behaviour -- 3.2 Lack of Awareness -- 3.3 Labelling -- 3.4 Aesthetic Standards -- 3.5 Food Merchandising -- 3.6 Legislation/Regulations as an Obstacle -- 3.6.1 European Marketing Standards -- 3.7 Companies Private Standards and Reputation -- 3.8 Overproduction and Excess Stock -- 3.9 Food Prices/Financial Incentives -- 3.10 Technical Factors -- 3.10.1 Storage -- 3.10.2 Stock Transportation -- 3.10.3 Poor Packaging -- References -- 4 Methods of Food Waste Reduction -- 4.1 Public Awareness Raising/Education -- 4.1.1 Awareness Campaigns and Informativeness -- 4.1.2 Guidelines -- 4.1.3 Education -- 4.2 Food Recovery and Redistribution -- 4.3 Legislation---Governmental Interventions -- 4.4 Economic Incentives/Financial Instruments -- 4.4.1 Negative -- 4.4.1.1 Internalisation of Costs -- 4.4.1.2 `Polluter Pays' Principle -- 4.4.1.3 Taxes and Charges -- 4.4.1.4 Rise of Food Prices -- 4.4.2 Positive -- 4.5 Forecasting and Correct Inventory Management/Planning -- 4.6 Packaging -- 4.7 Labelling -- 4.8 Companies Initiatives -- 4.9 Separate Collection of Food Waste -- 4.10 Alternative Use -- 4.10.1 Energy Recovery -- 4.10.1.1 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) -- 4.10.1.2 Incineration -- 4.10.2 Novel Added-Value Materials/Products -- 4.10.2.1 Chemicals and Fertilizers -- 4.10.2.2 Compost -- 4.10.2.3 Animal Feed -- References -- 5 Research Methods -- 6 Overview of the Baltic Region Countries. , 6.1 Main Economic Activities -- 6.1.1 Belarus -- 6.1.2 Estonia -- 6.1.3 Germany -- 6.1.4 Latvia -- 6.1.5 Lithuania -- 6.1.6 Poland -- 6.1.7 Sweden -- 6.2 Renewable Energy -- 6.3 Food Consumption and Undernourishment -- 6.3.1 Poverty Level -- 6.3.2 Undernourishment -- 6.3.3 European Food Aid -- 6.3.4 Food Expenditures -- 6.4 Biodegradable Waste -- 6.4.1 Legislation -- 6.4.2 Waste Generation and Treatment -- 6.4.2.1 Belarus -- 6.4.2.2 Estonia -- 6.4.2.3 Germany -- 6.4.2.4 Latvia -- 6.4.2.5 Lithuania -- 6.4.2.6 Poland -- 6.4.2.7 Sweden -- References -- 7 The State of the Problem of Food Waste in the Baltic Region Countries -- 7.1 Food Waste Generation in the Baltic -- 7.1.1 Food Waste Amounts According to the FAO Food Balance Sheets -- 7.1.2 Food Waste Generated Based on the FAO Technical Conversion Factors---Extraction Rates -- 7.1.3 Belarus -- 7.1.3.1 Industries -- 7.1.3.2 Retailers -- 7.1.3.3 Municipal Solid Waste -- 7.1.4 Estonia -- 7.1.5 Germany -- 7.1.5.1 Waste Generation -- 7.1.5.2 Causes -- 7.1.6 Latvia -- 7.1.7 Lithuania -- 7.1.8 Poland -- 7.1.8.1 Industries -- 7.1.8.2 Households -- 7.1.9 Sweden -- 7.1.9.1 Households -- 7.1.9.2 Retail Sector -- 7.1.9.3 Hospitality Sector -- 7.1.9.4 Causes -- 7.2 Food Waste Treatment -- 7.2.1 Belarus -- 7.2.2 Biological Treatment in Belarus -- 7.2.3 Estonia -- 7.2.3.1 Public Awareness Campaign/Education -- 7.2.3.2 Food Donation/Food Banks in Estonia -- 7.2.3.3 Separate Collection -- 7.2.3.4 Biological Treatment -- 7.2.3.5 Additional Activities/Initiatives in Estonia -- 7.2.4 Germany -- 7.2.4.1 Public Awareness Campaign/Education -- 7.2.4.2 `Better Appreciation of the Value of Food!' Campaign -- 7.2.4.3 Nationwide Days of Action Against Food Waste `We Save Food!' -- 7.2.4.4 Information About the Best-Before Date in the Retail Sector -- 7.2.4.5 Food Donation/Food Banks -- 7.2.4.6 Biological Treatment. , 7.2.4.7 Additional Activities/Initiatives -- 7.2.5 Latvia -- 7.2.5.1 Public Awareness Campaign/Education -- 7.2.5.2 Food Donation/Food Banks -- 7.2.5.3 Separate Collection -- 7.2.5.4 Biological Treatment -- 7.2.5.5 Additional Activities/Initiatives -- 7.2.6 Lithuania -- 7.2.6.1 Public Awareness Campaign/Education -- 7.2.6.2 Food Donation/Food Banks -- 7.2.6.3 Treatment -- 7.2.7 Poland -- 7.2.7.1 Food Donation/Food Banks -- 7.2.7.2 Public Awareness Campaign/Education -- 7.2.7.3 Separate Collection -- 7.2.7.4 Treatment -- 7.2.7.5 Additional Activities/Initiatives -- 7.2.8 Sweden -- 7.2.8.1 Cooperation -- 7.2.8.2 Public Awareness Campaign/Education -- 7.2.8.3 Food Donation/Food Banks -- 7.2.8.4 Separate Collection -- 7.2.8.5 Pre-Treatment of Food Wastage -- 7.2.8.6 Treatment -- 7.2.8.7 Additional Activities/Initiatives -- References -- 8 Discussion -- 8.1 Food Waste Generation -- 8.1.1 Food Waste Amounts According to the FAO Food Balance Sheets -- 8.1.2 Food Waste Generated Based on the FAO Technical Conversion Factors---Extraction Rates -- 8.1.3 Situation in Individual Countries -- 8.1.3.1 Belarus -- 8.1.3.2 Estonia -- 8.1.3.3 Germany -- 8.1.3.4 Latvia -- 8.1.3.5 Lithuania -- 8.1.3.6 Poland -- 8.1.3.7 Sweden -- 8.2 Food Waste Treatment -- 8.2.1 Belarus -- 8.2.2 Estonia -- 8.2.3 Germany -- 8.2.4 Latvia -- 8.2.5 Lithuania -- 8.2.6 Poland -- 8.2.7 Sweden -- References -- 9 Conclusions and Recommendations -- 9.1 Conclusions -- 9.1.1 Belarus -- 9.1.2 Estonia -- 9.1.3 Germany -- 9.1.4 Latvia -- 9.1.5 Lithuania -- 9.1.6 Poland -- 9.1.7 Sweden -- 9.2 Recommendations -- 9.2.1 Belarus -- 9.2.2 Estonia -- 9.2.3 Germany -- 9.2.4 Latvia -- 9.2.5 Lithuania -- 9.2.6 Poland -- 9.2.7 Sweden -- References -- Appendix AQuestionnaire in English -- Appendix BQuestionnaire in Russian -- Glossary.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Curriculum Innovation -- 1 Preparing Teachers for Sustainable Development in Higher Education -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Sustainable Educational Development: Cultural and Technological Issues -- 2.1 Cultural Issues and Definitions -- 2.2 Communication and Education Issues -- 2.2.1 Teacher's Roles -- 2.2.2 New Approaches: Connectivism, Transmedia, Digital Curation for Social Learning -- 2.2.3 Technological Issues: Mediating Education -- 3Professional Teacher Development: Government, University and Teachers Partnership -- 3.1 Methods -- 3.2 Preparation, Interlocution and First Findings -- 3.3 Discussion: Education for Sustainable Development Can It Be Effective? -- 4Conclusions -- References -- 2 A Minor Programme on Sustainability for the Engineering Curriculum at the University of Chile -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Engineering Curricula Description -- 3The Design Process Description -- 4Stage 1: Setting the Task Force -- 5Stage 2: The Design Process -- 6The Sustainability Minor Proposal -- 7Conclusions -- References -- 3 Food for Thought: A University-Wide Approach to Stimulate Curricular and Extracurricular ESD Activity -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Background -- 3Sustainability and Food -- 4Appetite for Change -- 4.1 Certificate Design and Promotion -- 4.2 Online Format -- 4.3 Pedagogical Approach -- 4.4 Content Design -- 4.5 Use of Digital Pedagogies -- 4.6 Video Assessment Piece -- 4.7 Sustainability as Interdisciplinary Working -- 4.8 Students as Co-creators of the Curriculum -- 5Sustain Yourself -- 6Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Sustainability and Employability: Alliances at the University of Bedfordshire -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Data Collection and Analysis -- 3Findings: Preliminary Stakeholder Analysis Reveals Potential Alliances. , 4Conclusions: Productive Synergies and Alliances -- References -- 5 The Environmental Sustainability of Brazilian Universities: Barriers and Pre-conditions -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2The Brazilian Universities -- 3Methodology -- 4Results and Analysis -- 4.1 Status of Sustainability in the Brazilian Universities -- 4.2 Barriers for the Sustainability in Brazilian Universities -- 4.3 Pre-conditions for the Sustainability in Brazilian Universities -- 4.3.1 Investing in Support -- 4.3.2 Know the Benefits -- 4.3.3 Educate and Train -- 4.3.4 Involve People/Stakeholders -- 4.3.5 Politics/Cooperation Networking -- 5Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Implementing a Sustainability Strategy: A Case Study from the University of Leeds -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Background -- 3Stakeholder Theory -- 4Organisational Sustainability and Strategy -- 4.1 Institutional Context -- 5The Engagement Process -- 5.1 Organisational Review -- 5.2 Stakeholder Engagement -- 5.3 Reflections on the Engagement Process -- 6Outcomes -- 6.1 An New Integrated Sustainability Strategy -- 6.2 The Engagement Process -- 7Conclusions -- References -- 7 It's Contagious! Developing Sustainability Perspectives in Academic Life at a UK University -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Background to the Futures Initiative -- 3Futures Initiative Projects -- 4Project Models -- 4.1 Stand-Alone and Static -- 4.2 Stand-Alone and Growing -- 4.3 Loose Clusters -- 4.4 Clustered and Interconnected -- 5Building Connections -- 6Theoretical Considerations -- 7Conclusion -- References -- 8 A Strategic Framework for Developing Interdisciplinary Minors on Climate Change and Sustainability Policy: The CLIMASP-Tempus Example -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2The Role of Higher Education -- 3The CLIMASP Tempus Initiative -- 4The CLIMASP Approach. , 5Design (December 2013& -- hx2013 -- June 2014) -- 6Develop (July 2014& -- hx2013 -- June 2015) -- 7Pilot and Implement (July 2015& -- hx2013 -- December 2016) -- 8Evaluate and Review (Whole Period of the Project) -- 9Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Sustainable Development Integration Strategies in Higher Education: Case Study of Two Universities and Five Colleges in Quebec -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Strategies Used as Part of PACTE 2D -- 2.1 Assist and Support Professors -- 2.2 Approaching the Integration of SD at the Curriculum Level -- 2.3 Defining a Global Approach for SD Integration at the Institutional Level -- 2.4 Collaborating to Integrate SD into Education -- 3Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Assist and Support Professors -- 3.1.1 Collaboration with Resources from the Field -- 3.1.2 Contextualise -- 3.1.3 Involving Students, Inspiring Them to Take Action -- 3.1.4 Encourage Students to Get Involved with and Compare Their Views on SD -- 3.1.5 Using Non-intentional Learning and Managing the Class in a SD Perspective -- 3.2 Approaching the Integration of SD at the Curriculum Level -- 3.3 Defining a Global Approach for SD Integration at the Institutional Level -- 3.4 Collaborating to Integrate SD into Education -- 4Conclusion: Avenues for Reflection and Project's Follow up Actions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Making Money and Saving the World: Empowering Students for Sustainability Through Social Enterprise -- Abstract -- 1Social Enterprise -- 2Sustainability in Higher Education -- 3Social Enterprise, Students, and Understanding Sustainability at the University of Gloucestershire -- References -- 11 Promoting Education for Sustainable Development at the University of Prishtina, Kosovo -- Abstract -- 1Introduction: Education for Sustainable Development. , 2Education for Sustainable Development in University of Prishtina -- 3Kosovo Education for Sustainable Development---KESD -- 3.1 Promotion and Awareness of the Importance of Sustainable Development -- 3.2 Training and Capacity Building -- 3.3 Representation and Support -- 4Conclusion -- References -- 12 Increasing Global Environmental Literacy via Faculty Experiential Learning -- Abstract -- 1Introduction: The Tufts Environmental Literacy Institute---TELI -- 2TELI 2013 -- 3Analysis of TELI Goals -- 4Analysis of TELI Network -- 5Testing the Network of TELI 2013 -- 6Results and Discussion -- 7Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 What Does the Concept of Responsibility Contribute to the Teaching of Sustainability in Universities? -- Abstract -- 1The Challenge of Inter-disciplinary -- 2Responsible Tourism -- 3The Evolution of Masters Provision -- 4Conclusions -- References -- 14 The Road Less (Sustainably) Traveled: A Case Study of Academic Travel at Franklin University Switzerland -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 1.1 Definitions -- 1.2 The Tension Between Internationalizing and Greening Campuses -- 2Methodological Approach -- 2.1 Academic Travel at Franklin University Switzerland -- 2.2 Data Collection and Analysis -- 3Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Synthesis -- 3.2 Directions for Future Research -- 4Conclusions -- References -- 15 One Metaphor---Several Meanings: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- 1Introduction: One Metaphor---Several Meanings -- 2Different Perspectives on Sustainable Development -- 3Imbalance in the Discussion on SD -- 4The Imbalance Impedes a Full Understanding of the (Diverse) Challenges for SD -- 5Conclusion -- References -- 16 Campus Ecological Footprint Versus the Global Influence of Sustainability Related Campus Activities: How Do They Compare? -- Abstract. , 1Introduction -- 2World3 -- 3Technological Change -- 4Social Policy and Culture -- 5Quantitative Analysis -- 5.1 Technological Change -- 5.2 Social Policy and Culture -- 6Results -- 7Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- 17 Developing Action Strategies for Sustainable Living Amongst Employees -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 1.1 Education for Sustainable Development Within Organisations -- 1.2 Thinking Skills -- 2Employee Training and Sustainable Development at the Workplace: Constraints and Opportunities -- 2.1 Legal Obligations and Reporting -- 2.2 Maintaining Financial Sustainability -- 2.3 Social Responsibility of Organisations -- 2.4 Education for Sustainable Development for Employees -- 3Methodology and Study Design -- 3.1 Research Paradigm and Methodology -- 3.2 Research Context and Design -- 3.3 Triangulation and Sampling -- 3.4 Interviews -- 4Preliminary Results -- 4.1 Commitment to ESD -- Staff Development Programmes -- and Staff Initiatives -- 4.2 Strands in ESD -- Constraints and Opportunities -- Financial, Social and Environmental Considerations -- 4.3 Applicability of DeBono's Thinking Programmes to the Design of Employee Training -- and to a Sustainable Lifestyle -- 4.4 ESD for Employees -- Skills Needed for Sustainable Lifestyle -- and the Design Process of Needs-Based ESD Employee Training -- 4.5 Social Transformation and Institutional Change -- Transfer of Behaviour Changes Beyond the Workplace -- 5Conclusions -- 5.1 Limitations of This Study -- 5.2 Future Work -- References -- 18 An Instructor's Experience: Implementing Sustainable Development in the Curriculum -- Abstract -- 1Introduction: Applied Sustainable Education in Practice -- 1.1 Applied Degree Programs -- 1.2 Problem Solving Approach -- 1.3 Sustainable Education Developments in Canadian Community Colleges -- 2Curriculum Reform Procedures at Olds College. , 3Integrating Sustainability into Introduction to Horticultural Scientific Methods/Research Methods.

Anmerkung: Intro -- International Perspectives on Climate Change -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Impacts of Change Impacts in Regions and Geographical Areas -- 1 Regional Vulnerability of Agro-Environmental Processes Facing Climate Change. Latin American Adaptation Agendas -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Regional Vulnerability of Agro-Environmental Processes in Latin America -- Agriculture and Mitigation -- Ecosystem Services Approach for Adapting to Climate Change -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Risk Analysis in Transboundary Water of the Rivers Pilcomayo and Paraguay -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Paraguay and Pilcomayo River -- Risk Analysis of Transboundary Rivers in the Context of Climate Variability and Change -- AREA 16 (ParaguayArgentina) -- ÁREA 19 (Paraguay) -- ÁREA 20 (Paraguay) -- ÁREA 21 (ArgentinaParaguay) -- ÁREA 22 (ArgentinaParaguay) -- Information System for Risk Management at Paraguay and Pilcomayo Transboundary Rivers -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Analysis of Temporal Variability of Droughts in Southern Paraguay and Northern Argentina (1961-2011) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Region and Rainfall Data -- SPI and Drought Occurrences -- Temporal Variability of Droughts -- Changes in Drought Occurrence Rate -- Changes in Drought Severity -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Sedimentation and Life Expectancy of Lake Amatitlán, Guatemala: Increased Vulnerability Under Future Climate Change -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Study Site -- Bathymetric Survey -- Sediment Collection -- Results and Discussions -- Bathymetry Comparison 2001-2012 -- Sediment Cores -- Sediment Loads in Rio Villalobos -- Sedimentation Rates -- Volumetric Comparison 1971-2001-2012 -- Life Expectancy of Lake Amatitlán -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Towards Valuing Climate Change Impacts on the Ecosystem Services of a Uruguayan Coastal Lagoon. , Abstract -- Introduction -- Trends in Climate Affecting Uruguay -- Case Study Site -- Selection of Ecosystem Services -- Valuation of Climate Change Impacts on Three Ecosystem Services -- Changes in Productivity: Precipitation as an 'Input' to the Shrimp Fishery -- Effects of Precipitation on the LRPA Shrimp Fishery -- Valuing Precipitation as an Input to Shrimp Harvest -- Valuing Carbon Sequestration Services of LRPA Emergent Wetland Plants -- Estimating Carbon Stored by LRPA Wetland Soils -- Estimating the Market Value for the LRPA Carbon Sequestration Service -- Valuing Climate Impacts on 'Habitat Maintenance' and 'Cultural' Ecosystem Services -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Integrating Climate Science, Monitoring, and Management in the Rio de la Plata Estuarine Front (Uruguay) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Hydroclimatology -- Causal Relationships and Lags -- Institutional Arrangements to Identify and Implement Adaptation Measures -- Management Options -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II The Management of Climate Change Impacts -- 7 Managing the Impacts of Climate Change in Latin America: The Need for Technology Transfer -- Abstract -- Introduction: Some Facts About Latin America -- Climate Change and Its Impacts in Latin American Countries -- Managing Climate Change: The Role of Technology Transfer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Strategic Contributions to Extreme Climate Change: The Innovation Helixes as a Link Among the Short, Medium and Long-Terms -- Abstract -- Introduction -- A Diagnosis of the Effects of Extreme Climate Change in Guatemala -- Perception of the People Regarding Climate Change -- The Baseline of Climate Change Perception in Guatemala -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 What Contributes to Climate Change Adaptive Capacity? A Retrospective Case Study in a Caribbean Small Island Community -- Abstract -- Introduction. , Background -- Determinants of Adaptive Capacity -- Successful Climate Change Adaptation -- Case Study -- Methodology -- Preliminary Results -- Perceptions Regarding Level of Success -- Effectiveness -- Efficiency -- Legitimacy -- Equity -- Multi-Scalar Factors Contributing to Community-Level Adaptive Capacity -- Local -- National -- Regional -- International -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 10 Taking a Micro-Perspective on the Global Challenge of Climate Change: The "Microenergy Systems" Research Focus at the Technische Universität Berlin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Decentralized Energy Systems and Their Relevance for Global Access to Energy, Development and Climate Change -- The Concept of Microenergy Systems -- A Research Agenda for MES -- The MES Research Group -- The Energy Inclusion Initiative in Peru: An Exemplary Case for Cooperation with the Private Sector -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 11 The Impacts of Climate Change on the Livelihoods of Coastal People in Bangladesh: A Sociological Study -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Coastal Zone in Bangladesh -- The Methodology -- Climate Change and its Impacts on the Livelihoods of Coastal People in the Context of Bangladesh -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 From Rainforests to Drylands: Comparing Family Farmers' Perceptions of Climate Change in Three Brazilian Biomes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Climate Change Communication -- Methodology -- Results -- Smallholders: Sample Characterization -- Changes in Rainfall -- Changes in Temperature Levels -- Perception of Extreme Events -- Do Convergent Perceptions Lead to Similar Behaviours? -- How Did the Respondents Answer? -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III The Role of Policy-making and the Contribution of Information, Communication and Stakeholders' Involvement. , 13 Precipitation Variability and Adaptation Strategies in the Southern Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico: Integrating Local Knowledge with Quantitative Analysis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Droughts and Agriculture -- Methods -- Study Area -- Drought and Rainfall Analysis -- Farmers' Perceptions and Adaptations -- Results -- Drought and Rainfall -- Farmers' Perceptions and Adaptations -- Perceptions -- Adaptations -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Making Science Count: Climate Change and the SciencePractice Interface -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Evaluation of the Two Projects -- A Discussion of the Barriers: Some Insights -- Conclusions -- References -- 15 Island Erosion and Afflicted Population: Crisis and Policies to Handle Climate Change -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Environmental Migrants from Vanishing Island -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Does Awareness Through Learning About Climate Change Enhance Farmers' Perception of and Adaptation to Climate Uncertainty? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials -- Methods -- Empirical Modelling of Farmers' Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change -- Interrelating Awareness of Climate Change and Farmers' Perception of and Adaptation to Climatic Uncertainty -- Selection of Exogenous Variables and Hypotheses to be Tested -- Results -- Descriptive Statistics -- Farmers' Perception of and Adaptation to Climate Change -- Awareness Through Learning About Climate Change -- Determinants of Farmers' Perception of and Adaptation to Climate Change -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Local Knowledge and Participatory Climate Change Planning in the Northeastern U.S -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Deliberative Policy, Adaptive Governance, and Climate Change -- Valuing Local Knowledge and Experience. , Trust in Pre-existing and Emerging Leadership and Social and Professional Networks -- Conclusions and Implications -- References -- 18 Evaluating of Post-2012 Carbon Policies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- The Methodology -- The Model Scenarios -- Discussion of the Results -- Conclusions -- References -- 19 Perceptions About Climate Change in Sidama, Ethiopia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methods -- Results and Discussion of Findings -- Lay Perceptions of Climate Change -- Increased Temperature -- Erratic Rainfall Patterns -- Climate Data Analysis -- Temperature and Rainfall Data -- Perception of Causes of Climate Change -- Perceptions of Vulnerability and Impact of Climate Change -- Adaptive Actions -- Mainstreaming Climate Change to Development Policy -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 20 Perceptions of and Attitudes Toward Climate Change in the Southeastern United States -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Site Descriptions -- Climate Change Belief and Skepticism -- Observed Changes in Weather and Climate -- Effects Experienced and Anticipated -- Perceived Causes -- Attitudes Toward Mitigation -- Conclusions -- References -- 21 The Role of Higher Education in Institutionalising Climate Change in Bangladesh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Conceptual Development -- Human Factors -- Natural Factors -- Scenario of Climate Change in Bangladesh -- HE: A Paradigm Shift -- HE in Bangladesh -- Research Design -- Data Collection, Analysis, Confidentiality and Limitations -- Findings and Discussion -- Genesis of HE and Public Universities -- Private Universities -- Role of HE in the Education and Research of Climate Change -- Education Programmes -- Research on Climate Change -- Climate Change Education for Primary and Secondary Levels -- Social Awareness of Climate Change. , Strategic Planning and Policy.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change by Developing Promising Strategies Using Analogue Locations in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Systematic Approach to Develop Practical Solutions -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Goals and Objectives of the Project -- Methodology -- Stakeholders -- Outputs -- Identification and Biophysical Characterisation of the Temperature Analogue Locations in Kenya and Zimbabwe -- Identification of the Temperature Analogue Locations -- Socio-economic Characterisation of the Temperature Analogue Locations -- Quantification of the Performance of Crop, Soil and Water Management, and Crop Genotype Adaptation Options -- Implications of Both Current and Future Climate Change Production Risks at the Study Locations in Kenya and Zimbabwe -- Hands-on Training of Local Scientists and Local Communities -- PhD Research in the Frame of the CALESA Project -- The Final CALESA Conference -- Other Promotion and Dissemination Activities -- Some Lessons Learnt -- Adapting Agriculture Practices to Climate Change -- Farming Systems and Adoption Constraints -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Improving Livelihoods in Semi-arid Regions of Africa Through Reduced Vulnerability to Climate Variability and Promotion of Climate Resilience -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Key Interventions -- Expected Outputs from the Interventions -- Expected Outcomes of the Interventions -- Expected Impact -- Proposed Theory of Change -- Partnerships -- References -- 3 Climate Change Adaptation Planning in Kenya: Do Scientific Evidences Really Count? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Platforms for Knowledge Sharing on Climate Change -- Application of Scientific-Based Evidence in Adaptation Planning Process -- Conclusion and Recommendation -- Acknowledgment -- References. , 4 Situation Analysis of Climate Change Aspects in Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Results and Discussion of the Projects Survey -- Projects in Selected CC Thematic Areas -- Projects in Selected Productive Sectors -- Adaptation Projects in Selected Productive Sectors -- Mitigation Projects in Selected Productive Sectors -- Capacity Building Projects in Selected Productive Sectors -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Seasonal Rainfall Variability and Drought Characterization: Case of Eastern Arid Region, Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- The Study Area -- Data Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Homogeneity Testing -- Rainfall Seasonality Patterns -- Trend of the Rainfall Events -- Variability and Anomalies in Seasonal Rainfall Amount -- Variations in Rainfall Amounts and Number of Rainy Days -- Monthly Variations in Seasonal Rainfall Amounts and Number of Rainy Days -- Probability and Frequency of a Dry-Spells and Implications on Crop Productivity -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Addressing the Potential Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Agricultural Crops and Water Resources in Pennar River Basin of Andhra Pradesh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Site Description -- Results -- Model Evaluation -- Hydrological Model---SWAT -- Agricultural Model---EPIC -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Grain Yield Responses of Selected Crop Varieties at Two Pairs of Temperature Analogue Sites in Sub-humid and Semi-arid Areas of Zimbabwe -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Site Description -- Experimental Design, Management and Data Collection -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Grain Yields at the Wetter Analogue Pair -- Grain Yields at the Drier Analogue Pair -- Discussion. , Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: An Evaluation of Yield Potential of Maize, Sorghum, Common Bean and Pigeon Pea Varieties in a Very Cool-Wet Region of Nyandarua County, Central Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Site -- Field Experiments -- Assessment of the Performance of Cereal and Legume Crop Varieties Under Very Cool Climate -- Determining the Effect of Water Conservation and Fertiliser Application on Productivity of Maize and Sorghum -- Determining the Effect of Water Conservation and Plant Population on Productivity of Common Bean and Pigeon Pea -- Results -- Performance of Crop Varieties -- Effect of Water Conservation and Nitrogen Fertiliser Application on Crop Yield -- Effect of Water Conservation and Plant Population on Crop Yield -- Discussion -- The Performance of Crop Varieties -- Effect of Water Conservation and Nitrogen Fertiliser Application on Crop Yield -- Effect of Water Conservation and Plant Population on Crop -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 An Assessment of Gender Sensitive Adaptation Options to Climate Change in Smallholder Areas of Zimbabwe, Using Climate Analogue Analysis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results -- Characteristics of Households -- Crops Grown at Study Sites During the 2010/2011 Season -- Soil and Water Management Strategies Used by Households -- Discussion and Lessons Learned -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation Measures Initiated by Farmers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Perception of Farmers About Changes in Rainfall and Temperature -- Coping Mechanisms Adopted by the Farmers Due to Climate Change -- Micro-level Implications of Climate Change. , Effects of Climate Change on Health Aspects of Farm Women -- Synergies of Climate Change -- Conclusions -- Reference -- 11 In Situ Soil Moisture Conservation: Utilization and Management of Rainwater for Crop Production -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results -- Fanya Juu Terraces -- Contour Bunds -- Semi-circular Bunds (Hoops) -- Negarims -- Tied Ridges -- Trapezoidal Bunds -- Zai Pits -- Sub-soiling and Ripping -- Tumbukiza -- Deep Tillage -- Micro-catchments -- Discussion -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Enhancing Food Production in Semi-arid Coastal Lowlands Kenya Through Water Harvesting Technologies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Site Characterization -- Experiment 1 -- Experiment 2 -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Opportunities for Coping with Climate Change and Variability Through Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Technologies in Semi-arid Eastern Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Sites -- Crop Simulations Using APSIM Model and the Inputs -- Results and Discussion -- Maize Yields with and Without Fertilizers and Soil and Water Management Practice -- Maize Yields (kg/ha) with Farmers' Practice and Soil and Water Management Practice -- Application of Fertilizers and Use of Soil and Water Management Practices -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Adoption of Water Resource Conservation Under Fluctuating Rainfall Regimes in Ngaciuma/Kinyaritha Watershed, Meru County, Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Data Collection -- Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Rainfall Trends for the Period 1986--2008 -- Perceived Indicators of Sustainable Water Conservation Practices -- Adoption Level of WC Practices and Constraints. , Correlation Analysis of Adoption Level of WC Practices and Selective Variables -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 15 Effects of Integration of Irrigation Water and Mineral Nutrient Management in Seed Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Production on Water, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiencies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Potato Growth in the Field -- Water and Nutrient Use Efficiencies -- Water Use Efficiency -- Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Soil Analysis and Climatic Data -- Water Use Efficiency -- Nitrogen Use Efficiency -- Phosphorus Use Efficiency -- Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 16 Integrating Farmers and Scientific Methods for Evaluating Climate Change Adaptation Options in Embu County -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Site Location and Description -- Experimental Design -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Farmer's Evaluation on Treatment Performance -- Treatment Score by Gender -- Field Experiment Results -- Combination Effect -- Discussions -- Farmer's Evaluation on Treatment Performance -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 17 On-Station Evaluation of Maize Genotypes for Nutrient and Water Use Efficiency in the Semi Arid Lands of Coastal Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Experimental Procedures -- Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Recommendation and Way Forward -- References -- 18 Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Yield Performance under Elevated Dry Season Temperatures as an Adaptation to Climate Change in Tabora, Tanzania -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Climatic Conditions During Tomato Growing Period in Tabora, Region -- Field Experiments -- Results of the Field Experiment. , On-Farm Tomato Yield Performance Results.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Table of Contents -- Editorial -- I. Principles, concepts and competences -- An experience in developing and implementing blended learning for sustainability (Anne Sibbel) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Managing knowledge for sustainability -- Pedagogical frameworks -- Online learning technologies -- The curriculum development project -- The project context -- The course -- Assessing learning outcomes -- Assessment Tasks -- Outcomes -- Conclusions -- References -- E-learning for sustainable development: linking virtual mobility and transboundary competence development (Joop de Kraker, Ron Cörvers and Angelique Lansu) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Competences for sustainable development -- Specifying key competences -- The need for transboundary competence -- The concept of transboundary competence -- Competence development: linking transboundary competence and virtual mobility -- Principles of competence-based learning -- Learning environments fostering transboundary competence development -- Virtual mobility -- Two examples: EVS and LECH-e -- EVS -- LECH-e -- Discussion -- Outlook -- References -- Training and Employability, Competences from an e-learning undergraduate programme in Environmental Sciences (Ana Paula Martinho, Sandra Caeiro, Fernando Caetano, Ulisses M Azeiteiro and Paula Bacelar-Nicolau) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Case study: Undergraduate programme in Environmental Sciences -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Transforming academic knowledge and the concept of Lived Experience: Intervention Competence in an international e-learning programme (Francisca Pérez Salgado, Gordon Wilson and Marcel van der Klink) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sustainable development as a process of social learning and action -- Sustainable Development and the concept of Lived Experience. , A diversity of perspectives, strengthened by e-learning -- The explanatory power of Lived Experience in education for sustainable development -- Competence-based education in an e-learning context -- Intervention Competence for Sustainable Development -- Conclusions -- References -- II. New ICT tools, materials and teachers skills -- Letʼs Play! Using simulation games as a sustainable way to enhance students' motivation and collaboration in Open and Distance Learning (Daniel Otto) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Structure of the course -- Evaluation -- Awareness-raising for REDD and climate change -- Role play as an active and realistic approach to negotiations -- Remove isolation encourage collaboration -- Virtually crossing borders with maximum flexibility -- Expenditure of time -- Technical problems -- Simulation games in ODL - a theoretical and practical conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Developing E-Learning Materials for Teaching Industrial Ecology and Environmental Sustainability (Anthony Halog and Gary Dishman) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Need for Effective Sustainability Education -- Understanding E-Learning Concepts -- Open Learning Environments -- Flipped Learning -- Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCS) -- Background to the Project -- Blackboard -- Objectives -- Benefits -- Developing an approach to address sustainability learning and advocacy -- Core Learning -- Knowledge Development and Reinforcement -- Assessment and Engagement -- Advocacy and Real-World Application -- Applying the Model -- Assessment and Engagement -- Advocacy and Real-World Application -- Outcomes -- One Stop Blackboard -- Diverse video materials to support flipped learning/self-directed learning -- Self-assessment -- Student Engagement -- Diverse LCA Resources -- Promoting Sustainability -- Discussion and Conclusions. , Further Discussion: Refining the e-learning Advocacy Model -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Greening Higher Education qualification programmes with online learning (Sally Caird, Andy Lane and Ed Swithenby) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background to developing the SusTEACH Modelling Tool -- Application of the SusTEACH Modelling Tool to the BSc qualification programme -- Modelling face-to-face teaching -- Modelling provision of printed educational materials -- Modelling ICT-enhanced and Online teaching, learning and assessment -- Using the Qualification Programme Teaching Models panel -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- European Virtual Seminar on Sustainable Development: international, multi-disciplinary learning in an online social network (Joop de Kraker and Ron Cörvers) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- EVS: organisational model and educational format -- EVS organisational model -- EVS educational format -- A social networking platform for EVS -- Background -- Design and implementation -- Evaluation: methods and results -- Student perceptions and experiences of EVS-Elgg -- Actual use of EVS-Elgg tools -- Effect of EVS-Elgg on team performance -- Tool use and team performance in EVS-Elgg -- Conclusions and discussion -- Summary of findings -- Conclusions -- Discussion -- Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Electronic logistics for a sustainable distance education: the new UNED on-site virtualization of evaluation procedure documents (Ma Carmen Ortega-Navas, Rocío Muñoz-Mansilla, Fernando Latorre and Rosa María Martín-Aranda) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at UNED University -- Evolution during the time and need for a more sustainable and ecnomic approach -- New protocol for evaluation procedures: virtual Attaché system -- Feature -- Implementation -- Procedure. , prior to the exam session -- Access to and location at the exam venue -- During the exam session -- Virtual Attaché Return -- After the exam -- Conclusions -- Ackowledgements -- References -- Leveraging E-learning to Prepare Future Educators to Teach Sustainability Topics (Leanna Archambault and Annie Warren) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Related Literature -- Hybrid Education -- Sustainability Science for Teachers -- Online Content -- Face-to-Face Content -- Method -- Participants -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- The use of information and communication technologies by secondary school teachers for developing a more sustainable pedagogy in Latvia (Dzintra Iliško and Svetlana Ignatjeva) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Towards a more sustainable pedagogy -- Methodology of the study -- The sample -- Results of the study -- Efficiency of use of ICT in learning: data analyses via bi-polar semantic differential -- Data gained during focus group interviews -- Optimistic rhetoric -- Teachers' attitudes and beliefs -- ICT for facilitating deeper and more motivated learning -- Supportive culture at school -- Pessimistic rhetoric -- Availability, access, and location of technologies -- Age factor -- Technophobia -- Time constraints -- Conclusions -- Suggestions for teacher trainers for training teachers to use ICT -- References -- Appendix 1: The use of ICT technologies in secondary schools -- Appendix 2: The purpose of the use of ICT technologies in the secondary school -- Appendix 3: Focus group interview questions -- III. A Continental Perspective for best practices -- A critical narrative of e-learning spaces for sustainable development in the Global South (Rudi W. Pretorius) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Education for sustainability in the Global South -- The potential of e-learning, including some challenges. , Aim of chapter and methodology -- Unisa: Institutional context and e-learning -- National level -- Institutional level -- Departmental level -- Personal level -- First narrative: Undergraduate module - Geography of tourism -- Essentials of the learning experience -- More about the students -- Approach to e-learning -- Lecturerʼs experience -- Perceptions of studentʼs experience -- Concluding remarks on this narrative -- Second narrative: Postgraduate module - The geography of people-resource interaction in the Global South -- Essentials of the learning experience -- More about the students -- Approach to e-learning -- Lecturerʼs experience -- Perception of studentʼs experience -- Concluding remarks on this narrative -- Implications in terms of e-learning for sustainable development -- First narrative: Gradual implementation -- Second narrative: Abrupt change-over -- In conclusion -- References -- Cotonou 2012 and Beyond - An Assessment of E-learning for Sustainability in sub-Sahara Africa (J. Manyitabot Takang and Christine N. Bukania) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) -- E-learning and ESD -- E-learning Programs in Africa -- Open education resources (OER) -- Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) -- Some Examples -- The African Virtual University (AVU) -- The Kwame Nkrumah University of Technology (KNUST) -- African Ministerial Council on the Environment (AMCEN) -- An Assessment of e-learning for Sustainability in Africa -- Accessibility -- Affordability -- Acceptability -- Adaptability -- M-Learning - An Emerging Trend across Africa -- Conclusion - A post-Cotonou Era? -- References -- Sustainability in an educational institution: analysing the transition to paperless e-processes, an Indian case (Prakash Rao, Yogesh Patil, Manisha Ketkar, Viraja Bhat and Shilpa Kulkarni) -- Abstract -- Introduction. , Higher Level education in India.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Climate Change Governance -- Contents -- 1 Climate Change Governance: The Challenge for Politics and Public Administration, Enterprises and Civil Society -- Introduction -- Reference -- Part ITheoretical and Conceptual Framingof Climate Change Governance -- 2 Conceptualising Climate Change Governance -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Specific Demands for Climate Change Governance -- 3…Understanding of Governance -- 4…Climate Change Governance -- 4.1 Cross-Boundary, Multi-Level and Multi-Sector Requirements -- 4.2 Multi-Agency Setting -- 4.3 Long-Term Challenges and Uncertainty -- 4.4 Attributes of Climate Change Governance -- 5…Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Governance of Wicked Climate Adaptation Problems -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Complicating Characteristics of the Climate Adaptation Problem -- 2.1 A Context of Fragmentation -- 2.2 The Lack of a Well-Structured Policy Domain -- 2.3 Inherent Uncertainty in a Knowledge-Intensive Domain -- 3…Useful Theories for Addressing Wicked Climate Adaptation Problems -- 3.1 Theories About Reflexivity -- 3.2 Theories About Resilience -- 3.3 Theories About Responsiveness -- 3.4 Theories About Revitalisation -- 4…The Value of Theoretical Multiplicity -- 4.1 Reflective Conclusions -- References -- 4 Normative Principles for Adaptation to Climate Change Policy Design and Governance -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Arguments for Normative Principles and Criteria -- 3…A Methodological Approach to the Design of Adaptation to Climate Change Policy -- 4…Consequences of Climate Change Impacts in Latvia and Data Providers -- 5…Risk Minimisation and Polluter Pays Principles as a Basis for Decision-Making Criteria -- 6…Recommendations -- References -- 5 Multi-Level Climate Governance: Strategic Selectivities in International Politics -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction. , 2…From Multilateralism to Re-Nationalisation -- 2.1 The BRIC States -- 2.2 The Financial Market Crisis -- 2.3 The Position of the USA -- 3…Flexibility in Global Competition -- 4…Climate Policy in the Shadow of Energy Security -- 5…Climate Change, Nature and Society -- 6…Neo-Liberalism and Climate Change -- 7…Multi-Level and Meta-Governance -- 8…Conclusions -- References -- 6 Cities and Governance: Coming to Terms with Climate Challenges -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Mapping Climate Change Risks in Cities: Core Risks and Urban Vulnerabilities -- 2.1 Urban Vulnerabilities Associated with Climate Change---Categorizing Risks -- 2.1.1 Assessing Urban Vulnerabilities Associated with Climate Change: Category One---Alterations in Temperature -- 2.1.2 Assessing Urban Vulnerabilities Associated with Climate Change: Category Two---Alterations in Precipitation -- 2.1.3 Assessing Urban Vulnerabilities Associated with Climate Change: Category Three---Alterations in Storm Frequency and Intensity -- 2.1.4 Assessing Urban Vulnerabilities Associated with Climate Change: Category Four---Sea Level Change -- 2.2 Mapping Cities and Climate Change -- 2.2.1 Cities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 2.2.2 City Mitigation Strategies on Climate Change -- 2.2.3 City Adaptation Strategies on Climate Change -- 3…Using Indicators to Assess and Address Deeper and Enduring Risks and Long-Term Vulnerabilities in Cities -- 4…Cities at Risk: Emerging Approaches to Safer Cities -- 4.1 From Indicators to Governance---Evidence-Based Policy Formulation -- 4.2 The Role of City Indicators on Climate Change for Effective Planning and Management -- 4.3 Addressing Risk and Vulnerability in Cities Through a More Empowered, Cohesive, and Inclusive Governance -- 5…Conclusion -- References -- 7 Local Climate Governance and the Role of Cooperatives -- Abstract -- 1…Local Climate Governance. , 2…Cooperatives as Local Actors -- 3…Local Climate Governance and Cooperatives -- 4…The Möckernkiez Initiative -- 5…Empirical Flaws -- 6…Conclusion: The Potential Roles of Cooperatives in a Climate-friendly Society -- References -- 8 Forecasting the Adoption of Emerging Energy Technologies: Managing Climate Change, Governance and Evolving Social Values -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Literature Review -- 2.1 Technology Assessment and Governance -- 2.2 Forecasting Technology Diffusion and Adoption -- 2.3 Case Analysis: Climate Change and Electric Power Generation -- 3…Conceptual Process -- 3.1 Identification of Factors and Relationships in Multiple Perspectives -- 3.2 Identification of Alternative and Complementary Technologies -- 3.3 Model Building, Scenario Development, Validation -- 3.4 Policy Recommendations -- 4…Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Part IICase Studies I: Policy-Relatedand Governmental Approaches -- 9 Climate Change Issues and Malaysian Initiatives -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…National Policy on Climate Change -- 3…Implementation of Malaysian Climate Change Initiatives:Some of Which are Lacking -- 4…What Should Malaysia Do? -- 5…Conclusion -- References -- 10 Climate Change and the Role of Spatial Planning in England -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…The UK Climate Policy Context -- 3…The English Planning System -- 3.1 Planning Interventions -- 3.2 Planning Tools and Resources -- 4…The Role of Spatial Planning in Climate Change -- 4.1 Planning and Renewable Energy Supply -- 4.1.1 Large-Scale Renewable Energy Supply -- 4.1.2 Small-Scale Renewable Energy Supply -- 4.2 Planning and Efficiency in Energy Demand -- 4.2.1 Reducing Car Travel -- 4.2.2 Increasing Energy Efficiency of the Built Environment -- 5…Planning and Adaptation to Climate Change -- 5.1 Flood Risks -- 5.2 Heat Waves -- 6…Concluding Remarks. , Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 The Need for Adaptive Water Governance: Lessons from Canada and Chile -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…The Threat of Climate Change and Water Supply -- 3…The Need for a New Institutional Approach -- 4…Conclusion -- References -- 12 Climate Change Adaptation: Institutional Approaches for Developing Countries -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 1.1 What is Adaptation? -- 1.2 Adaptive Capacity and Vulnerability -- 2…Challenges of Developing Countries -- 2.1 Dependence on Natural Resources -- 2.2 Poverty -- 2.3 Weak Technical and Organisational Capacity -- 2.4 Socio-Cultural Constraints -- 3…Institutions and Adaptations -- 3.1 What are Institutions? -- 3.2 Relationship Between Institutions and Adaptation -- 4…Responsible Institutional Approaches -- 4.1 National-Level Policy Formulation and Legislation -- 4.2 Local-Level Action: Introduction of the Third Cropping Season -- 4.3 Citizen (Community) Participation -- 4.4 International Cooperation -- 5…Conclusion -- 13 Climate Adaptive Planning for Preventing Heat-Related Health Impacts in New York City -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Climate Adaptation Planning: Some Frameworks and Principles -- 3…New York City's Programs for Excessive Heat Events -- 3.1 Emergency Planning: Cooling Centers and Media Outreach -- 3.2 Surveillance and Research -- 3.3 Adaptive Strategies to Prevent Heat-Related Mortality Among Vulnerable Populations -- 4…New York City's Climate Change Adaptation Task Force -- 5…PlaNYC and Other Climate Adaptive Initiatives -- 6…Discussion and Recommendations -- 6.1 Public Health Objectives into Climate Adaptation Planning in New York City -- 6.2 Arguments for Greater Inclusion in the Climate Planning Process -- 7…Theoretical Considerations: The Practice and Function of Inclusion in Public Planning. , 8…Social Justice in the City: In Support of the Deliberative Democratic Model -- 9…Conclusion for Adaptation Planning in New York City -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Governance Tools for Local Energy Autonomy -- Abstract -- 1…Context -- 2…The 100 % Renewable Energy Governance Tool Kit -- 2.1 Regulation, Legislation and Standards -- 2.2 Carrots and Sticks -- 2.3 From Information to Knowledge Networks -- 2.4 Community Assets: From Public to Cooperative Ownership and Operation -- 2.5 New Plans and Planning Skills -- 2.6 Augmenting Energy Autonomy with Ecological Regeneration -- 3…Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Case Sources Reference Websites -- 15 Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Policy: Examining the Validity and Function of Best Practices -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction: The Rise of International Best Practices -- 2…The Validity of Best Practices -- 3…The Function of Best Practices -- 3.1 Evidence from Four Case Study Cities -- 4…Conclusions: The Need for a Reappraisal of Best Practice -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IIICase Studies II: Business-Relatedand Technical Approaches -- 16 A Decision Support Approach Fostering Technology Transfer Towards Sustainable Energy Development in Kenya -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction -- 2…Kenya's Context -- 2.1 Economic Development -- 2.2 Energy Sector -- 2.3 Climate Change Efforts -- 2.4 Sustainable Development Efforts -- 3…Methodological Procedure Adopted -- 4…Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Energy Service Needs and Priorities -- 4.2 Technology Appropriateness and Suitability -- 4.3 Sustainability Benefits Identified by Stakeholders -- 4.4 Procedure Insights -- 5…Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 17 Climate Change Governance and the Triple Bottom Line Model of Reporting: Delivering Accountability -- Abstract -- 1…Introduction. , 2…Business Responses to and Management of Climate Change.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part IContextualising Integration -- 1 Digital Learning for Sustainability: An Interactive Magazine for Students, Academics and Expert Practitioners -- Abstract -- 1Introduction: The Worcester Sustainability Elective -- 2VLE Model -- 2.1 Initial Journey -- 3Literature Review -- 3.1 Digital Resources and Sustainability -- 3.2 Education for Sustainability -- 3.3 Studies in the Context of Blended Learning -- 3.4 Digital Learning and Sustainability -- 3.5 Propositions -- 4Methodology -- 4.1 Case Study -- 4.2 Data Sources -- 4.3 Conceptual Framework and Analysis -- 5Analysis and Discussion -- 5.1 Inflow Stage -- 5.2 Outflow Stage -- 5.3 Outcomes Stage -- 5.4 Transdisciplinary Observations -- 6Conclusions -- 2 The Relevance of Transdisciplinary Teaching and Learning for the Successful Integration of Sustainability Issues into Higher Education Development -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Specific Demands Due to Sustainable Development -- 2.1 The Imparting of Sustainability Specific Skills and Competencies -- 3The Role of Transdisciplinary Teaching and Learning Within Sustainability Programs -- 3.1 Transdisciplinary Teaching Against the Background of Motivational Research -- 4Conclusion -- References -- 3 Making Sustainability Part of Every Student's Curriculum -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 UK Higher Education Context -- 3 Anglia Ruskin University -- 4 Corporate Engagement with the Sustainability Agenda -- 5 Integrating Sustainability -- 6 Sustainability in the Formal Curriculum -- 7 Sustainability as Part of Anglia Ruskin's Academic Regulations -- 8 Embedding Sustainability in the Curriculum: Influence Versus Authority -- 9 Defining Sustainability -- 10 Audits of Sustainability -- 11 Sustainability Lenses at Anglia Ruskin -- 12 Conclusion -- References. , 4 Ecological Footprinting as a Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approach to Complete Campus Engagement and Transformation Towards the One Planet Goal -- Abstract -- 1Introduction and Background -- 2Methodology -- 2.1 The Study Site -- 2.2 One Planet 2030 Strategy -- 2.3 Pedagogical Approach -- 2.4 Tier One: Personal EF Calculation -- 2.4.1 The Global Footprint Network Personal Calculator -- 2.5 Tier Two: Faculty EF Calculation -- 2.5.1 Faculty and Campus EF Calculation -- 2.5.2 The Footprint Company2122 Campus Calculator -- 2.6 2030 Projections -- 3Results -- 3.1 Embedding EF Into the Curriculum -- 3.1.1 Tier 1: Personal EF Calculation Preliminary Findings -- 3.1.2 Tier 2: Preliminary Faculty EF's -- 3.2 Campus Ecological Footprint -- 3.3 2030 Projections -- 4Discussion -- 5Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 An Analysis of the Sustainability of Different Methods of Delivering Higher Education -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Sustainable Development and Climate Change -- 3UK Higher Education Carbon Emissions -- 3.1 Emissions scopes -- 3.2 Emission Sources at HEIs -- 3.3 Carbon Reduction Progress -- 4Methods of Delivering Higher Education -- 5Traditional Higher Education -- 6Tradition Higher Education: International Students -- 7Carbon Impact of International Students -- 8Case Study: Manchester Metropolitan University -- 9Transnational Education (TNE) -- 10Carbon Impact of Transnational Education -- 11Distance Learning -- 12Conclusions -- References -- 6 Social and Environmental Reporting in the Italian Higher Education System: Evidence from Two Best Practices -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction: Universities and Sustainable Development -- 2 Social and Environmental Reporting Process -- 2.1 Expressions of Willingness on the Part of the ``Enlightened'' Subject -- 2.2 Commitment Disclosure. , 2.3 Definition and Formalization of the Working Group -- 2.4 Defining the Reporting System -- 2.5 Collection and Processing of Information -- 2.6 Drafting of Document -- 2.7 Approval of the SER by Governing Bodies -- 2.8 Communications of the SER -- 2.9 Social Audit -- 2.10 Obtaining Feedback -- 3 The Italian Context on Social and Environmental Reporting -- 4 Case Studies Analysis -- 4.1 Università degli studi di Ferrara -- 4.2 Highlights from the SER -- 4.3 Università degli studi di Macerata -- 4.4 Highlights from the SER -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 How Do Limbo Dancing, Landlords and Students' Energy Habits Link to EfSD? A Student Green Fund Case Study -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Project Background -- 3Project Aims -- 4Project Action Plans -- 5Project Progress -- 6Results -- 7Project Reflection -- 8Interim Conclusions -- References -- 8 Implementing Sustainability and Social Responsibility Initiatives in the Higher Education System: Evidence from Spain -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Institutional Background: Special Attention to Spanish Higher Education System -- 3 Curriculum -- 4 Strategic Planning -- 5 Practices Related to Sustainability and Social Responsibility: Barriers and Drivers -- 6 Sustainability Reporting -- 7 Conclusions: Implications for Practice -- References -- 9 Enhancing Knowledge and Learning in Sustainable Developments at Universities -- Abstract -- 1 Background -- 2 Green Initiatives in Singapore -- 3 Teaching of Sustainability -- 4 Case Study Approach -- 5 Blended Learning -- 6 Research Design -- 7 Analysis and Discussion of Findings -- 7.1 Interviews with Students -- 7.2 Discussion of the Interview Comments -- 7.3 Analysis of Surveys -- 8 Implications -- 9 Limitations of Study -- 10 Conclusion -- References. , 10 Student Attitudes to Sustainability and Employability Skills: Expectations from the University Curriculum -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Methods -- 2.1 The Location of the Study -- 2.2 The Student Surveys -- 2.3 Limitations of the Study -- 3Results -- 3.1 University Student Experience Survey (2011& -- hx2013 -- 2012) -- 3.2 Student Skills Perception Survey (2012& -- hx2013 -- 2013) -- 4Discussion and Conclusion -- 4.1 Future Prospects -- References -- 11 The Application of Ecological Footprint Analysis to Distance Learning University Contexts: A Case Study of the College of Education, University of South Africa -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology Overview -- 3 Data Collection -- 4 Methodological Approach -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Ecological Footprint of the College of Education (CEDU---UNISA) -- 5.2 Students' and Staff Members' Consumption Habits -- 6 Discussion -- References -- 12 Indicator-Based Analysis of the Process Towards a University in Sustainable Development: A Case Study of the University of Tübingen (Germany) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analysing the Sustainability Check 2.0 -- 2.1 The Sustainability Check 2.0 -- 2.2 Evaluating the Sustainabity Check 2.0 -- 3 Representation and Evaluation of Sustainability Activities at the University of Tübingen -- 4 Classification and Evaluation of the Activities at the University of Tübingen -- 4.1 Objective `University for Sustainable Development' -- 4.2 Objective `Sustainability Management' -- 4.3 Objective `Sustainable University' -- 5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 13 Carbon Stored in a Sustainable University Building: Bringing Education to Practice -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2The Green Office -- 3Students Company -- 4The Green Office Headquarter -- 5Methodology -- 6CO2 Emissions Inventory -- 7Carbon Stored in the Green Office. , 8Carbon Stored in the Phytophysiognomy and the Vegetal Formation -- 9Data Comparing -- 10Carbon Stored in UTFPR's Green Office -- 11CO2 Emissions Inventory -- 12Carbon Stock in Vegetation Types and Data Comparison -- 13Conclusions -- References -- 14 Developing and Managing Integrated [Interdisciplinary/Transdisciplinary] Graduate Programs in Environmental Science and Management in a Collaborative Context -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2The T-Shaped Curriculum -- 3Environmental Applied Science and Management (EnSciMan) -- 4Metrics of Integration and Collaboration -- 5Conclusions -- References -- 15 Reinforcing Sustainable Development in Schools in Malta: A Potential Approach by the University of Malta to Meet the Country's Sustainable Development Challenges -- Abstract -- 1Introduction---The Importance of Education for Sustainable Development -- 2Malta as a Background for Implementing Education for Sustainable Development -- 3The Role of Higher Education -- 4Research Methodology -- 5Data Collection and Analysis -- 6Results -- 7The Intercultural and Environmental Management Plan for a School in Malta -- 8Conclusion -- References -- 16 Commitments of University Leaders to the Talloires Declaration: Are They Evidenced in Industrial Design Teaching and Learning? -- Abstract -- 1 Background -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Degrees -- 3.2 Overall Sustainability Inclusion -- 3.3 Courses, Subjects, Modules -- 3.4 Student Work -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 17 From Consumer to Citizen: Engaging Students with Participative Methods in Design -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Barriers to Sustainable Design Education -- 3 Design for Sustainability -- 3.1 Realising Design for Sustainability -- 4 Relational Skills -- 5 Case Studies in Teaching Design for Sustainability. , 5.1 Case Study 1: Conscientious Communicators.