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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Sustainable development-Norway. ; Sustainable development-Belgium. ; Refuse and refuse disposal-Norway. ; Refuse and refuse disposal-Belgium. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (177 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783030665647
    DDC: 363.728
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 A Waste Crisis -- 1.2 Advancing a Circular Economy -- 1.3 Book Structure -- References -- Chapter 2: Waste Management: A Policy Paradox -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Waste as Policy Issue -- 2.3 Plastic Waste: A Symbolic Case -- 2.4 Governance and Leadership -- 2.5 Shifting from Voluntary to Mandatory Approaches -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: The Promise of the Circular -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A Circular Economy -- 3.3 Policy Focus -- 3.4 Drivers and Barriers -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: The Challenge of Political Priority -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 A Theoretical Framework -- 4.3 Explaining the Framework -- 4.3.1 Political Context -- 4.3.2 Power of Actors -- 4.3.3 Influence of Ideas -- 4.3.4 Problem Characteristics -- 4.4 Policy Change -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Waste Management in Belgium -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Waste Management in Belgium -- 5.2.1 Policy Context -- 5.2.2 Ideas and Approaches Taken -- 5.2.3 Policy Actors -- 5.2.4 Effective Policy Action? -- 5.3 Challenges and Opportunities -- References -- Chapter 6: Waste Management in Norway -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Waste Management in Norway -- 6.2.1 Policy Context -- 6.2.2 Ideas and Approaches Taken -- 6.2.3 Policy Actors -- 6.3 Challenges and Opportunities -- 6.3.1 Quantities of Waste Continue to Rise -- 6.3.2 Hazardous Waste -- 6.3.3 Recycling -- References -- Chapter 7: Synthesis and Conclusions: Unsustainable Status Quo? -- 7.1 A Waste Management Crisis -- 7.2 A Circular Response -- 7.3 Political Priority -- 7.4 Reality Check: What the Cases Reveal -- 7.4.1 Policy Context -- 7.4.2 Policy Actors -- 7.4.3 Policy Ideas -- 7.4.4 Problem Characteristics -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-04-27
    Description: Foxp3 + T regulatory (Treg) cells can be induced to produce interleukin (IL)-17 by in vitro exposure to proinflammatory cytokines, drawing into question their functional stability at sites of inflammation. Unlike their splenic counterparts, Treg cells from the inflamed central nervous system (CNS-Treg cells) during EAE resisted conversion to IL-17 production when exposed to IL-6. We show that the highly activated phenotype of CNS-Treg cells includes elevated expression of the Th1-associated molecules CXCR3 and T-bet, but reduced expression of the IL-6 receptor α chain (CD126) and the signaling chain gp130. We found a lack of IL-6 receptor on all CNS CD4 + T cells, which was reflected by an absence of both classical and trans-IL-6 signaling in CNS CD4 + cells, compared with their splenic counterparts. We propose that extinguished responsiveness to IL-6 (via down-regulation of CD126 and gp130) stabilizes the regulatory phenotype of activated Treg cells at sites of autoimmune inflammation.
    Print ISSN: 0014-2980
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4141
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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