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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Color Illustration of Diagnosis and Control for Modern Sugarcane Diseases, Pests, and Weeds (2018)
    Singapore : Springer Singapore
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Plant diseases ; Plant diseases ; Agriculture ; Plant breeding ; Plant breeding ; Agriculture ; Plant pathology.
    Description / Table of Contents: This book systematically presents 40 pests, 7 natural pest enemies, and 20 diseases and weeds commonly encountered in sugarcane production, combining clear colour photos with detailed scientific descriptions. It covers a range of related topics, including morphological identification, habits and frequency of occurrence, prevention and control measures, symptom identification, characteristics of infections and epidemics, parasitic (predator) characteristics, ways of utilising natural pest enemies, main species and distribution, fluctuation in the field, and chemical control of weeds. With novel content presented in simple, straightforward language, the book provides a valuable reference guide for scientific researchers, educators and industrial practitioners, as well as students and advisers at agricultural universities
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 420 p. 394 illus., 183 illus. in color, online resource)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Biomedical and Life Sciences
    ISBN: 9789811313196
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1319-6
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1319-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1319-6
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Fram Strait sea ice export variability over the last 80 years (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Smedsrud, Lars Henrik; Halvorsen, Mari H; Stroeve, Julienne C; Zhang, Rong; Kloster, Kjell (2017): Fram Strait sea ice export variability and September Arctic sea ice extent over the last 80 years. The Cryosphere, 11(1), 65-79, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-65-2017
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: A new long-term data record of Fram Strait sea ice area export from 1935 to 2014 is developed using a combination of satellite radar images and station observations of surface pressure across Fram Strait. This data record shows that the long-term annual mean export is about 880?000 km**2, representing 10 % of the sea-ice-covered area inside the basin. The time series has large interannual and multi-decadal variability but no long-term trend. However, during the last decades, the amount of ice exported has increased, with several years having annual ice exports that exceeded 1 million km**2. This increase is a result of faster southward ice drift speeds due to stronger southward geostrophic winds, largely explained by increasing surface pressure over Greenland. Evaluating the trend onwards from 1979 reveals an increase in annual ice export of about +6 % per decade, with spring and summer showing larger changes in ice export (+11 % per decade) compared to autumn and winter (+2.6 % per decade). Increased ice export during winter will generally result in new ice growth and contributes to thinning inside the Arctic Basin. Increased ice export during summer or spring will, in contrast, contribute directly to open water further north and a reduced summer sea ice extent through the ice?albedo feedback. Relatively low spring and summer export from 1950 to 1970 is thus consistent with a higher mid-September sea ice extent for these years. Our results are not sensitive to long-term change in Fram Strait sea ice concentration. We find a general moderate influence between export anomalies and the following September sea ice extent, explaining 18?% of the variance between 1935 and 2014, but with higher values since 2004.
    Keywords: DATE/TIME; Fram Strait; Fram-Strait_Sea-ice; Sea ice area, flux, at given time interval
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 960 data points
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  • 3
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    A review of the role of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in Atlantic multidecadal variability and associated climate impacts (2019)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Reviews of Geophysics 57(2), (2019): 316-375, doi:10.1029/2019RG000644.
    Description: By synthesizing recent studies employing a wide range of approaches (modern observations, paleo reconstructions, and climate model simulations), this paper provides a comprehensive review of the linkage between multidecadal Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) and associated climate impacts. There is strong observational and modeling evidence that multidecadal AMOC variability is a crucial driver of the observed AMV and associated climate impacts and an important source of enhanced decadal predictability and prediction skill. The AMOC‐AMV linkage is consistent with observed key elements of AMV. Furthermore, this synthesis also points to a leading role of the AMOC in a range of AMV‐related climate phenomena having enormous societal and economic implications, for example, Intertropical Convergence Zone shifts; Sahel and Indian monsoons; Atlantic hurricanes; El Niño–Southern Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Variability; North Atlantic Oscillation; climate over Europe, North America, and Asia; Arctic sea ice and surface air temperature; and hemispheric‐scale surface temperature. Paleoclimate evidence indicates that a similar linkage between multidecadal AMOC variability and AMV and many associated climate impacts may also have existed in the preindustrial era, that AMV has enhanced multidecadal power significantly above a red noise background, and that AMV is not primarily driven by external forcing. The role of the AMOC in AMV and associated climate impacts has been underestimated in most state‐of‐the‐art climate models, posing significant challenges but also great opportunities for substantial future improvements in understanding and predicting AMV and associated climate impacts.
    Description: We thank the joint support from the US AMOC Science Team and the U.K.‐U.S. RAPID program for this review paper. The HADISST data set used in Figure 2 can be downloaded from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/data/download.html. Y. ‐O. K. is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF; OCE‐1242989) and Department of Energy (DE‐SC0019492). S. G. Y. is partially supported by the NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 grant OCE‐1243015. G. D. and S. G. Y. are supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement 1852977. D. E. A. was supported by an NSF postdoctoral fellowship. We would like to thank Ulysses Ninnemann and Nil Irvali for providing Figure 19. We thank Mike Winton and Xiaoqin Yan for the internal review of the manuscript.
    Keywords: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ; Atlantic Multidecadal Variability ; Decadal Predictability ; Climate Impacts ; Paleo Reconstructions ; Climate Model Biases
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
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    Local and downstream relationships between Labrador Sea Water volume and North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability (2019)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 32(13), (2019): 3883-3898, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0735.1.
    Description: While it has generally been understood that the production of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) impacts the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC), this relationship has not been explored extensively or validated against observations. To explore this relationship, a suite of global ocean–sea ice models forced by the same interannually varying atmospheric dataset, varying in resolution from non-eddy-permitting to eddy-permitting (1°–1/4°), is analyzed to investigate the local and downstream relationships between LSW formation and the MOC on interannual to decadal time scales. While all models display a strong relationship between changes in the LSW volume and the MOC in the Labrador Sea, this relationship degrades considerably downstream of the Labrador Sea. In particular, there is no consistent pattern among the models in the North Atlantic subtropical basin over interannual to decadal time scales. Furthermore, the strong response of the MOC in the Labrador Sea to LSW volume changes in that basin may be biased by the overproduction of LSW in many models compared to observations. This analysis shows that changes in LSW volume in the Labrador Sea cannot be clearly and consistently linked to a coherent MOC response across latitudes over interannual to decadal time scales in ocean hindcast simulations of the last half century. Similarly, no coherent relationships are identified between the MOC and the Labrador Sea mixed layer depth or the density of newly formed LSW across latitudes or across models over interannual to decadal time scales.
    Description: FL and MSL are thankful for the financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Physical Oceanography Program (NSF-OCE-12-59102, NSF-OCE-12-59103). The NCAR contribution was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office (CPO) under Climate Variability and Predictability Program (CVP) Grant NA13OAR4310138 and by the NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 Grant OCE-1243015. NCAR is sponsored by the NSF. NPH is supported by NERC programs U.K. OSNAP (NE/K010875) and ACSIS (National Capability, NE/N018044/1). Y-OK is supported by NOAA CPO CVP (NA17OAR4310111) and NSF EaSM2 grant (OCE-1242989). AR is supported by NASA-ROSES Modeling, Analysis and Prediction 2016 NNX16AC93G-MAP. RZ is supported by NOAA/OAR. Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System (http://doi.org/10.17882/42182). Data from the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS array funded by NERC, NSF and NOAA are freely available from www.rapid.ac.uk/rapidmoc. We thank Stephen Griffies for providing access to the GFDL-MOM025 COREII simulation output and Matthew Harrison and Xiaoqin Yan for their comments on the manuscript. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.
    Description: 2020-06-11
    Keywords: North Atlantic Ocean ; Deep convection ; Meridional overturning circulation ; Model comparison
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
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    Synthesis, Structures, and Fluorescent Properties of Three Cobalt-Based Coordination Polymers with a Rigid Tripodal Carboxylate Ligand (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: Three cobalt(II) coordination polymers, [Co 2 (tatb) 2 (2,2′-bipy) 2 (H 2 O) 2 · DMA · 2H 2 O] ( 1 ), [Co 2 (tatb) 2 (1,10-phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 · 2H 2 O] ( 2 ) and [Co(tatb)(1,3-dpp) · H 2 O] ( 3 ) (H 3 tatb = 4,4′,4′′-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzoic acid; 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl; 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; 1,3-dpp = 1,3-bis(pyridin-4-yl)propane), were synthesized solvothermally and characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), as well as IR spectroscopy. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit 1D double-chain structures, which further connect into interesting 3D networks by hydrogen bond and strong π–π interactions. Complex 3 possesses 2D 4 4 -sql topology, which is packed parallel in an AA fashion. Moreover, thermal stability properties and photoluminescence properties of 1 , 2 and 3 were also investigated.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 6
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    Prevalence and risk factors of primary open-angle glaucoma in a city of Eastern China: a population-based study in Pudong New District, Shanghai (2015)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-15
    Description: Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of primary open-angle glaucoma among the urban population of Pudong New District, Shanghai. Methods: Three residents’ committees were randomly selected from Pudong New District, and residents aged 50 and older were screened for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) from March to April 2011. In remote screening, the tests on visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), and the photographs of anterior segment and fundus were used to identify POAG suspect. The suspected subjects were then reexamined with the tests on IOP, gonioscopy, Humphrey visual field test, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT). POAG was diagnosed according to the criteria defined by International Society for Geographic and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO). Finally, POAG risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 2528 citizens out of 3,146 eligible residents (80.36 %) participated in this study. Among the citizens, 72 were diagnosed to have POAG, giving the crude prevalence rate of 2.85 % (95 % CI:2.20 %–3.50 %) in general and age- and gender-adjusted prevalence rate of 2.8 % (95 % CI: 2.78 %–2.83 %). Among the 72 POAG patients, only 22 cases had IOP exceeding 21 mmHg while other 50 cases had IOP of 21 mmHg or less; nine cases had one eye blind (12.5 %). Intriguingly, only eight cases (11.11 %) had been diagnosed with POAG before this screening. Conclusions: More efforts are required for early screening and education on POAG in communities, especially in a POAG high-risk population.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2415
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 7
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    Sensors, Vol. 16, Pages 399: A Micro Aerosol Sensor for the Measurement of Airborne Ultrafine Particles (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Particle number concentration and particle size are the two key parameters used to characterize exposure to airborne nanoparticles or ultrafine particles that have attracted the most attention. This paper proposes a simple micro aerosol sensor for detecting the number concentration and particle size of ultrafine particles with diameters from 50 to 253 nm based on electrical diffusion charging. The sensor is composed of a micro channel and a couple of planar electrodes printed on two circuit boards assembled in parallel, which thus integrate charging, precipitating and measurement elements into one chip, the overall size of which is 98 × 38 × 25 mm3. The experiment results demonstrate that the sensor is useful for measuring monodisperse aerosol particles with number concentrations from 300 to 2.5 × 104 /cm3 and particle sizes from 50 to 253 nm. The aerosol sensor has a simple structure and small size, which is favorable for use in handheld devices.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 8
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    Enhanced hole boring with two-color relativistic laser pulses in the fast ignition scheme (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-03
    Description: A scheme of using two-color laser pulses for hole boring into overdense plasma as well as energy transfer into electron and ion beams has been studied using particle-in-cell simulations. Following an ultra-short ultra-intense hole-boring laser pulse with a short central wavelength in extreme ultra-violet range, the main infrared driving laser pulse can be guided in the hollow channel preformed by the former laser and propagate much deeper into an overdense plasma, as compared to the case using the infrared laser only. In addition to efficiently transferring the main driving laser energy into energetic electrons and ions generation deep inside the overdense plasma, the ion beam divergence can be greatly reduced. The results might be beneficial for the fast ignition concept of inertial confinement fusion.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Cu(I)- or Ag(I)-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereocontrolled trans-Hydrofluorination of Ynamides (2016)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-06
    Description: Organic Letters DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00615
    Print ISSN: 1523-7060
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-7052
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 10
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    Structure and energetics of nanotwins in cubic boron nitrides (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-23
    Description: Recently, nanotwinned cubic boron nitrides (NT c-BN) have demonstrated extraordinary leaps in hardness. However, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that enable nanotwins to give orders of magnitude increases in material hardness is still lacking. Here, using transmission electron microscopy, we report that the defect density of twin boundaries depends on nanotwin thickness, becoming defect-free, and hence more stable, as it decreases below 5 nm. Using ab initio density functional theory calculations, we reveal that the Shockley partials, which may dominate plastic deformation in c-BNs, show a high energetic barrier. We also report that the c-BN twin boundary has an asymmetrically charged electronic structure that would resist migration of the twin boundary under stress. These results provide important insight into possible nanotwin hardening mechanisms in c-BN, as well as how to design these nanostructured materials to reach their full potential in hardness and strength.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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