Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Spatial Extent, Formation Process, Reclaimability Classification System and Restoration Strategies of Gully and Rav... -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Spatial Extent of Gully and Ravines in India -- 1.3 Gully and Ravine Formation Process and Hypothesis -- 1.3.1 Gully and Ravine Formation Process -- 1.3.2 Hypothesis of Gully and Ravine Formation -- 1.3.2.1 Climate and Land-Use Theory -- 1.3.2.2 Tectonic Upliftment Theory -- 1.3.2.3 Aggradation and Degradation Theory -- 1.3.2.4 Oceanic Upwelling Theory -- 1.3.2.5 Concave Riverbank Elevation Theory -- 1.3.3 Other Mechanisms of Gully Head Extension -- 1.3.3.1 Tension Cracks -- 1.3.3.2 Tunnelling -- 1.3.3.3 Suffusion/Internal Erosion/Internal Instability -- 1.4 Gully Reclaimability Classification System -- 1.5 Technology for Gully and Ravine Area Restoration -- 1.5.1 Management of Shallow Ravines and Marginal Lands -- 1.5.2 Rehabilitation of Medium and Deep Ravines -- 1.5.2.1 Gully Head Stabilization -- 1.5.2.2 Stabilization of Gully Bed and Side Slopes -- 1.5.2.3 Vegetation Establishment -- 1.5.2.4 Bamboo-Based Production System -- 1.5.3 Performance Evaluation of Ravine Reclamation Works -- 1.6 Road Ahead -- References -- Chapter 2: Soil Disintegration Characteristics on Ephemeral Gully Collapsing in Lateritic Belt of West Bengal, India -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1 Site Description -- 2.2.2 Soil Sampling -- 2.2.3 Soil Analysis -- 2.2.4 Statistical Analysis -- 2.3 Results and Discussion -- 2.3.1 Soil Moisture Content of the Collapsing Gullies -- 2.3.2 Soil Organic Matter (SOM) and Bulk Density -- 2.3.3 Soil Particle Size Distribution (PSD) -- 2.3.4 Soil Anti-Disintegration Index (Kc). , 2.3.5 Relationship Between the Soil Anti-disintegration (Kc) and Particles Size Distribution (PSD) and SOM -- 2.3.6 Analysis of Soil Disintegration Characteristics of Different Soil Layers of Collapsing Gullies -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Modeling of Gully Erosion Based on Random Forest Using GIS and R -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Material and Methods -- 3.2.1 Study Area -- 3.2.2 Affecting Factors Related to Gully Erosion -- 3.2.3 Methods -- 3.2.3.1 Random Forest -- 3.2.3.2 Validation of Gully Erosion Potential Map -- 3.3 Results -- 3.3.1 Gully Erosion Potential Zone Models (GEPM) -- 3.3.2 Validation of Machine Learning Model -- 3.3.3 Important Effective Factors for GESM -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Geomorphic Threshold and SCS-CN-Based Runoff and Sediment Yield Modelling in the Gullies of Dwarka-Brahmani Interfl... -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Materials and Methods -- 4.2.1 Study Area -- 4.2.2 Secondary Data Collection -- 4.2.3 Field Research Design -- 4.2.3.1 Geomorphic Analysis -- 4.2.3.2 Hydrologic Analysis -- 4.2.4 Quantitative Models and Techniques -- 4.2.4.1 Geomorphic Threshold Model -- 4.2.4.2 SCS-CN Method and Sediment Yield Model -- 4.2.4.3 Statistical Test of Model and Model Validation -- 4.3 Results -- 4.3.1 Estimating Geomorphic Threshold of Gully Erosion -- 4.3.2 M-D Envelope and Dominancy of Erosion Processes -- 4.3.3 Catchment-Wise Runoff Yield -- 4.3.4 SCS-CN Model Validation -- 4.3.5 SCS-CN-Based Sediment Yield -- 4.4 Discussion -- 4.4.1 Hydraulic and Topographic Threshold -- 4.4.2 Role of Flow Erosivity in Gullies -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Assessing Gully Asymmetry Based on Cross-Sectional Morphology: A Case of Gangani Badland of West Bengal, India -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Study Area -- 5.3 Database and Methodology -- 5.3.1 Database -- 5.3.2 Methodology. , 5.3.2.1 Areal and Slope Asymmetry Indices -- 5.3.2.2 Form Indices -- 5.3.2.3 Principal Component Analysis -- 5.3.2.4 Residual Analysis -- 5.3.2.5 Particle Size Analysis -- 5.4 Results -- 5.4.1 Linear Perspective on Cross-Sectional Morphology -- 5.4.1.1 Depth Analysis -- 5.4.1.2 Width Analysis -- 5.4.1.3 Width-Depth Ratio -- 5.4.1.4 Shape Index -- 5.4.2 Areal Perspective on Cross-Sectional Morphology -- 5.4.2.1 Cross-Sectional Area -- 5.4.2.2 Areal Asymmetry (A, A1, A2) -- 5.4.2.3 Concavity Index and Erosiveness -- 5.4.3 Slope Asymmetry -- 5.4.4 Identification of Elements Influencing Cross-Sectional Morphology of Gullies -- 5.4.5 Association Among Gully Morphometric Indices -- 5.5 Discussions -- 5.5.1 Identifying Inter- and Intra-Order Variation in Gully Morphology -- 5.5.2 Compositions of Slope Segments, Processes and Gully Asymmetry -- 5.5.3 Modelling Asymmetric Behaviour of Gully -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: The Potential Gully Erosion Risk Mapping of River Dulung Basin, West Bengal, India Using AHP Method -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.2.1 Study Area -- 6.2.2 Methodology -- 6.2.2.1 Database -- 6.2.2.2 Layer Creation and Digital Analysis -- 6.2.2.3 Portfolio of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 Factor Analysis of Rill and Gully Erosion -- 6.3.1.1 Slope Analysis -- 6.3.1.2 Soil Analysis -- 6.3.1.3 Geological Characteristics and Association with the Rill and Gully Erosion -- 6.3.1.4 Geomorphological Characteristics and Association Rill and Gully Erosion -- 6.3.1.5 Drainage Density and Association Rill and Gully Erosion -- 6.3.1.6 Annual Average Rainfall and Association Rill and Gully Erosion -- 6.3.1.7 Spatial Characteristics of Lineaments and Association Rill and Gully Erosion -- 6.3.1.8 Characteristics of LULC and Its Bearing on Rill and Gully Erosion. , 6.3.2 Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Biophysical Variables Associated to Rill and Gully Erosion -- 6.3.3 Validation of Map -- 6.4 Discussion -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Application of Field-Monitoring Techniques to Determine Soil Loss by Gully Erosion in a Watershed in Deccan, India -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Study Area -- 7.3 Monitoring and Assessment -- 7.3.1 General Sedimentological Properties Assessment -- 7.3.1.1 Results of the Sedimentological Analyses -- 7.3.2 Microprofilometer Technique -- 7.3.2.1 Fabrication of the Microprofilometer -- 7.3.2.2 Results of the Microprofilometer Monitoring -- 7.3.3 Erosion-Pin Technique -- 7.3.3.1 Results of the Microprofilometer Monitoring -- 7.3.4 The Rainfall Simulator Experiment -- 7.3.4.1 Design of the Simulator -- 7.3.4.2 Results of the Rainfall Simulation Experiment -- 7.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Gully Erosion Susceptibility Mapping Based on Bayesian Weight of Evidence -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Materials and Methods -- 8.3.1 Gully Inventory Mapping -- 8.3.2 Gully Erosion Conditioning Geo-Environmental Factors -- 8.3.3 Weight of Evidence Model (WoE) for Preparing Gully Erosion Map -- 8.3.4 Accuracy Assessment -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.4.1 Role of Land Use/Land Cover on Gully Occurrence -- 8.4.2 Role of Lithology and Soil Type on Gully Occurrence -- 8.4.3 Role of Slope Degree on Gully Occurrence -- 8.4.4 Role of Wetness Index (WI) on Gully Occurrence -- 8.4.5 Role of Slope Length on Gully Occurrence -- 8.4.6 Role of Stream Power Index (SPI) on Gully Occurrence -- 8.4.7 Gully Susceptibility Map -- 8.4.8 Validation of Gully Erosion Susceptibility Map -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Understanding the Morphology and Development of a Rill-Gully: An Empirical Study of Khoai Badland, West Bengal, Ind. , 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Materials and Methods -- 9.2.1 Study Area -- 9.2.2 Methodology -- 9.2.2.1 Collection of Data -- 9.2.2.2 Gully Morphology and Profile Character -- 9.2.2.3 Curve Number Method (CN) and Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) -- 9.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.3.1 Processes of Gully Formation and Badland Development -- 9.3.2 Morphology and Profile Character of Selected Gullies -- 9.3.3 Estimation of Runoff and Sediment Delivery Ratio -- 9.3.3.1 LULC -- 9.3.3.2 Hydrological Soil Group (HSG) Condition -- 9.3.3.3 Weighted Area Curve Number -- 9.3.3.4 Runoff Estimation -- 9.3.3.5 Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) -- 9.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Estimation of Erosion Susceptibility and Sediment Yield in Ephemeral Channel Using RUSLE and SDR Model: Tropical P... -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Study Area -- 10.3 Methodology and Mapping -- 10.3.1 RUSLE Parameter Estimation -- 10.3.1.1 Rainfall Erosivity Factor (R) -- 10.3.1.2 Soil Erodibility Factor (K) -- 10.3.1.3 Slope Length and Slope Steepness Factor (LS) -- 10.3.1.4 Cover Management Factor (C) -- 10.3.1.5 Support Practice Factor (P) -- 10.3.2 SDR Parameter Estimation -- 10.3.2.1 Estimation of β Coefficient and Travel Time (ti) -- 10.3.2.2 Land Use and Land Cover (à Coefficient) -- 10.3.2.3 Slope Factor (Si) -- 10.3.2.4 Flow Velocity (Vi) -- 10.3.2.5 Length of Segments (Li) -- 10.3.2.6 Basin-Specific Parameter (β) -- 10.4 Results and Discussions -- 10.4.1 Estimation of PMSE Using RUSLE -- 10.4.1.1 PMSE at Sub-basin Level -- 10.4.1.2 Justification of RUSLE Estimation -- 10.4.2 Delineation of SDR Using SDR Model -- 10.4.2.1 SDR at the Sub-basin Level -- 10.4.2.2 Validation of SDR Estimation -- 10.4.2.2.1 Drainage Area and SDR -- 10.4.2.2.2 Topographical Factors and SDR -- 10.4.3 Delineation of SY Zone -- 10.4.3.1 SY at the Sub-basin Level. , 10.4.3.2 Relationship Between Ephemeral Channel (Gully Erosion) and SY.