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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Waste disposal. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (136 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319307916
    Series Statement: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; v.238
    DDC: 363.73
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Priority Substances and Emerging Organic Pollutants in Portuguese Aquatic Environment: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Surface Waters -- 2.1 Industrial Compounds -- 2.2 Natural and Synthetic Estrogens -- 2.3 Phytoestrogens and Phytosterols -- 2.4 Pharmaceuticals -- 2.5 Pesticides -- 2.6 Portuguese vs European Surface Water: Occurrence of PSs and EOPs -- 3 Groundwater and Drinking Waters -- 3.1 Pesticides -- 3.2 Pharmaceuticals -- 3.3 Portuguese vs European Groundwater and Drinking Water: Occurrence of PSs and EOPs -- 4 Influent and Effluent Wastewaters -- 4.1 Pharmaceuticals -- 4.2 Personal Care Products -- 4.3 Portuguese vs European Wastewaters: Occurrence of PSs and EOPs -- 5 Summary -- References -- Lead Toxicity, Antioxidant Defense and Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemical Form and Properties of Lead -- 3 Lead and Environment -- 4 Lead Effect on Health -- 4.1 Effect on the Nervous System -- 4.2 Effect on the Hematopoietic System -- 4.3 Effect on the Reproductive System -- 4.4 Effect on the Kidney -- 4.5 Effect on the Bone -- 5 Molecular Mechanism of Lead Toxicity: Oxidative Stress and Cation Action -- 6 The Role of Antioxidants in Protecting Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress -- 6.1 Flavonoids and Polyphenols -- 6.2 Vitamins -- 6.3 Antioxidants Availability and Nanoparticles -- 7 Summary -- References -- Persistent Organic Pollutants and Concern Over the Link with Insulin Resistance Related Metabolic Diseases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 POPs and Metabolic Disorders of Insulin Resistance -- 3.1.1 Epidemiological Evidences -- 3.1.2 Experimental Evidences -- 3.2 POPs and Inflammation -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Pharmaceuticals May Disrupt Natural Chemical Information Flows and Species Interactions in Aquatic Systems: Ideas and Perspect. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Natural Information Transfer via Infochemicals in Aquatic Ecosystems -- 3 Current Levels of Pharmaceuticals Affect Organisms -- 3.1 Direct and Indirect Effects -- 3.2 Infodisruption and Mimicry -- 4 Conclusions and Future Directions -- 5 Summary -- References -- Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reported Levels of Natural Radionuclides in the Oil Industry -- 3 NORM Action Limits -- 4 Radiological Exposure for Public, Workers, and Environmental Impact of TENORM -- 5 The Acceptability of Occupational Risks in Industry -- 6 Health Effects of Ionizing Radiations -- 7 Recommended Radiation Dose Limits -- 8 Recommendations -- 9 Conclusion -- 10 Summary -- References -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Environmental toxicology. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (308 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319200132
    Series Statement: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; v.236
    DDC: 363.73
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- In-Situ Remediation Approaches for the Management of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Selection and Suitability of Remedial Measures -- 3 In-Situ Remediation Technologies for Soil and Groundwater -- 3.1 Heating -- 3.1.1 Injection: Steam/Hot Air -- 3.1.2 Electrical Resistance Heating -- 3.1.3 Electromagnetic Heating: Radio Frequency/Microwave -- 3.1.4 Thermal Conductive Heating/Thermal Desorption -- 3.1.5 Vitrification -- 3.2 Soil Flushing -- 3.3 Fracturing: Pneumatic/Blast-Enhanced/Lasagna™/Hydro -- 3.4 Physical Barriers: Treatment Walls/Permeable Reactive Barriers -- 3.5 Soil Vapor Extraction -- 3.6 Electrokinetic Remediation -- 3.7 Multi 3-Phase/Dual-Phase/Vacuum-Enhanced Extraction/Bioslurping -- 3.8 Air Sparging -- 3.9 Bioventing -- 3.10 Natural Attenuation -- 3.11 Phytoremediation -- 3.12 Bioaugmentation -- 3.13 Biostimulation -- 3.14 Biosorption -- 4 Emerging Technologies -- 4.1 Microbial Fuel Cells -- 4.2 Nanoremediation -- 4.3 Transgenic Plants and Microbes -- 4.4 Microbial Consortia in Photo-Hetero Microbial System -- 5 Challenges and Prospects -- 6 Summary -- References -- Ex-Situ Remediation Technologies for Environmental Pollutants: A Critical Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ex-Situ vs. In-Situ Remediation -- 3 Existing Ex-Situ Remedial Options for Contaminated Soil and Groundwater: Technology Profile and Recent Advances -- 3.1 Dig-and-Dump (Landfills and Engineered Landfills) -- 3.2 Pump-and-Treat -- 3.3 Incineration -- 3.4 Oxidation -- 3.5 Adsorption -- 3.6 Ion-Exchange -- 3.7 Pyrolysis -- 3.8 Soil Washing -- 3.9 Dehalogenation -- 3.10 Solid-Phase Bioremediation -- 3.10.1 Biopiles -- 3.10.2 Landfarming -- 3.10.3 Composting -- 3.11 Slurry-Phase Bioremediation: Bioreactors -- 3.12 Solidification/Stabilization -- 3.13 Constructed Wetlands. , 4 Ex-Situ Technologies for Air Pollution Control -- 5 Emerging Ex-Situ Remediation Technologies -- 5.1 Ultrasonic Technology -- 5.2 Microbial Fuel Cells, Nanoremediation and Others -- 6 Future Research Needs -- 7 Summary -- References -- Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sources and Types of Epidemiological Evidence -- 3 Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress in the General Population -- 4 Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress in Occupationally Exposed Populations -- 5 Types and Utility of Biomarkers -- 6 Conclusions -- 7 Summary -- Appendix 1: Search Strategy -- References -- Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Stoichiometric Degradation of Chemical Warfare Agents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nanostructured Oxides -- 2.1 Oxides of Alkaline Earth Metals -- 2.2 Aluminum Oxide -- 2.3 Zinc Oxide -- 2.4 Titanium Oxide -- 2.4.1 Zr4+ and Hf4+-Doped Titania -- 2.4.2 Ge4+ and In3+ Doped Titania -- 2.4.3 Titania, Iron and Manganese Mixed Oxides -- 2.5 Zero-Valent Iron and Iron Oxides -- 2.6 Zirconium Hydroxide -- 2.7 Manganese Oxide (MnO2) -- 2.8 Vanadium Oxide -- 2.9 Ce3+ and Ce4+ Oxides -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Ecological Recovery Potential of Freshwater Organisms: Consequences for Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stressor Types, Case Studies and Recovery Estimates Covered by the Review -- 3 Variability in Recovery Times Among Taxonomic Groups -- 3.1 Algae -- 3.2 Zooplankton -- 3.3 Fish -- 3.4 Macro-invertebrates -- 3.4.1 Diptera -- 3.4.2 Ephemeroptera -- 3.4.3 Oligochaeta -- 3.4.4 Macro-crustacea -- 3.4.5 Plecoptera -- 3.4.6 Trichoptera -- 3.4.7 Heteroptera -- 3.4.8 Odonata -- 3.4.9 Coleoptera -- 3.4.10 Mollusca -- 3.5 Macrophytes -- 4 Contributions of Ecosystem Type, Landscape Characteristics and Community Processes -- 5 Variability in Recovery Times among Stressor Types. , 6 Comparison of Semi-field and Field Recovery Times -- 7 The Role of Effect Size in Recovery Time Estimation -- 8 Limitations for the Derivation of Recovery Times -- 9 Risk Assessment, Ecological Recovery and Legislation -- 10 Summary -- References -- Index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Environmental chemistry. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (177 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319469454
    Series Statement: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; v.241
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Gene Expression Profiling in Fish Toxicology: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Use of Northern Blotting in Fish Toxicology -- 3 Use of DDRT-PCR in Fish Toxicology -- 4 Use of SSH in Fish Toxicology -- 5 Use of RT-qPCR in Fish Toxicology -- 5.1 Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) -- 5.2 Metals, Metallic Nanoparticles and Organometals -- 5.3 Pesticides and Herbicides -- 5.4 Miscellaneous -- 6 Use of Microarrays in Fish Toxicology -- 6.1 Metals, Metallic Nanoparticles and Organometals -- 6.2 Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals -- 6.3 Miscellaneous -- 7 Use of NGS in Fish Toxicology -- 8 Toxicogenomics Databases and Bioinformatics -- 9 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Review of the Ecotoxicological Properties of the Methylenedianiline Substances -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physical-Chemical Properties -- 3 Environmental Behavior -- 4 Ecotoxicological Properties -- 4.1 Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms -- 4.1.1 Tests with Bacteria -- 4.1.2 Tests with Algae -- 4.1.3 Tests with Crustacea -- 4.1.4 Test with Vertebrates (Fish) -- 4.1.5 Tests with Mollusca -- 4.2 Toxicity to Benthic Organisms -- 4.2.1 Tests with an Oligochaete -- 4.2.2 Tests with an Insect Larvae -- 4.2.3 Test with an Amphipod -- 4.2.4 Additional Tests on Feeding Mode and Ammonia Formation -- 4.3 Toxicity to Terrestrial Organisms -- 4.3.1 Tests with Soil Bacteria -- 4.3.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants -- 4.3.3 Toxicity to the Earthworm Eisenia fetida -- 4.3.4 Toxicity to the Collembolan Species Folsomia candida -- 4.3.5 Acute Toxicity to Birds -- 4.4 Potential for Endocrine-Modulating Effects and Brief Overview of the Toxicity to Mammalia -- 5 Summary -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Cadmium Bioavailability, Uptake, Toxicity and Detoxification in Soil-Plant System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Global Use of Cadmium -- 3 Behavior of Cd in Soil. , 3.1 Cd Level and Sources in Soil -- 3.2 Bioavailability of Cd in Soil -- 3.3 Effect of Soil Chemical Properties on Cd Bioavailability -- 3.3.1 Effect of Soil pH on Cd Bioavailability -- 3.3.2 Effect of Soil Organic Matter on Cd Bioavailability -- 3.4 Influence of Soil Microbial Activity on Cd Behavior in Soil -- 4 Soil-Plant Transfer of Cd -- 4.1 Molecular Understanding of Cd Uptake by Plants -- 4.2 Competition Between Cd and Cations for Uptake -- 4.3 Cadmium Sequestration in Plant Roots -- 4.4 Cadmium Translocation to Shoots -- 4.5 Cadmium Accumulation in Edible Plant Parts -- 4.6 Foliar Uptake of Cd -- 5 Toxic Effects of Cd on Plants -- 5.1 Effects of Cd on Seed Germination and Plant Growth -- 5.2 Cadmium Genotoxicity -- 5.3 Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation -- 6 Cadmium Detoxification in Plants -- 6.1 Vacuolar Compartmentalization -- 6.1.1 Phytochelatins -- 6.1.2 Glutathione -- 6.2 Antioxidant Enzymes -- 6.3 Salicylic Acid (SA) -- 7 Hormetic Effect of Cadmium Toxicity -- 8 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Radionuclides: Accumulation and Transport in Plants -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Natural Occurrence and Exposures -- 3 Use of Green Plants for Restoring Balance and Its Applications -- 4 Rhizosphere, Rhizobacteria and Metal Transporters Used in Remediation Purposes -- 5 Radio-Phytoremediation: An Approach to Decontaminate Radionuclides Using Plants -- 6 Bioavailability of Radionuclides -- 7 Radionuclide Exposure and Plant Responses -- 8 Phytoremediation of Selected Radionuclides -- 8.1 Caesium -- 8.2 Uranium -- 8.3 Radium -- 9 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Index.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Waste disposal. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (212 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319423005
    Series Statement: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; v.240
    DDC: 363.7305
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- A Review on the Abundance, Distribution and Eco-Biological Risks of PAHs in the Key Environmental Matrices of South Asia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Abundance of PAHs in SAR -- 2.1 Atmospheric Levels -- 2.2 Water Bodies -- 2.3 Soil/Sediments -- 2.4 Biota -- 3 Regional Comparison -- 3.1 Atmospheric PAHs -- 3.2 Region Abundance of PAHs in the Water Bodies -- 3.3 Soil/Dust/Sediments -- 4 Source Apportionment Techniques -- 5 Ecological Risk Assessment -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Environmental Pollution, Toxicity Profile and Treatment Approaches for Tannery Wastewater and Its Chemical Pollutants -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Leather Production and Chemicals Used in Tanning Process -- 3 Tannery Wastewater: Nature and Characteristics -- 4 Environmental Pollution and Toxicity Profile of Tannery Wastewater -- 5 Treatment Approaches for Tannery Wastewater and Chemicals -- 5.1 Physico-Chemical Treatment Approaches -- 5.1.1 Coagulation/Flocculation -- 5.1.2 Adsorption -- 5.2 Biological Treatment Approaches -- 5.2.1 Aerobic Treatment -- 5.2.2 Anaerobic Treatment -- 5.2.3 Constructed Wetlands and Treatment Ponds -- 5.3 Emerging Treatment Approaches -- 5.3.1 Membrane Technologies -- 5.3.2 Membrane Bioreactors -- 5.3.3 Anammox Technology -- 5.3.4 Advanced Oxidation Processes -- 5.4 Combinatorial Treatment Approaches -- 6 Waste Minimization, Operation, Treatment and Management in Leather Industries -- 6.1 Solid Waste Generation, Treatment and Management -- 6.2 Gaseous Emission and Control -- 6.3 Clean Technologies for Hazards Minimization -- 7 International Legislations Scenario for Tannery Wastewater and Chemicals -- 7.1 Legislations for Discharge Limits of Tannery Wastewater -- 7.2 Legislations for Leather Chemicals -- 8 Challenges and Future Prospects -- 9 Summary and Conclusion -- References. , Disposal of Unused Drugs: Knowledge and Behavior Among People Around the World -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Methods of Unwanted Residential Medication Disposal -- 4.2 An Overview on Available Legal Framework and Take Back Programs -- 4.3 Impact of Knowledge and Educational Campaigns on Disposal Practices of Unwanted Residential Medication -- 4.4 Future Perspectives and Possible Solution -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Summary -- References -- Alkyl Mercury-Induced Toxicity: Multiple Mechanisms of Action -- 1 Preface -- 1.1 How Alkyl Mercury Compounds Get into the Food Web -- 2 Introduction -- 3 Methylmercury: Mechanisms of Toxic Action -- 3.1 Altered Membrane Permeability -- 3.2 Altered Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis -- 3.3 Oxidative Stress/Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) -- 3.4 Effects on Receptor Binding/Neurotransmitter Release -- 3.5 Effects Involving Arachidonic Acid -- 3.6 Effects on Cell Cycle/Cell Division -- 3.7 Effects on Glutathione (GSH) Activity -- 3.8 Involvement with Nitric Oxide Synthetase -- 3.9 Effects on Glial Cells and Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake and Homeostasis -- 3.10 Other Mechanisms -- 4 Ethylmercury: Mechanisms of Toxic Action -- 4.1 Mobilization of Intracellular Ca++ -- 4.2 Effects on Mitochondria (Membrane and ROS) -- 4.3 Effects on Arachidonic Acid, Leukotriene Synthesis, and Membrane Integrity -- 4.4 Effects on Glutathione (GSH) -- 4.5 Effects on Glutamate Transport -- 4.6 Effects on Neurotransmitter Availability -- 5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Arsenic Induction of Metallothionein and Metallothionein Induction Against Arsenic Cytotoxicity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Metallothionein Induction and the Role of As -- 3 Interaction of As with Blood Proteins -- 4 Interaction of As with Metallothionein -- 5 Accumulation and Metabolism of As -- 6 As Cytotoxicity and the Role of Essential Metals. , 7 Conclusion -- 8 Summary -- References -- Mobility and Fate of Pollutants in the Aquifer System of the Northwestern Suez Gulf, Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 2 Study Area Description (Geology and Hydrogeology) -- 3 Study Approach and Discussion -- 3.1 Structure Pattern, Intensive Use of Groundwater and Contamination Mixtures Mobilization Scenario -- 4 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Index.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Environmental chemistry. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (185 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319587240
    Series Statement: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; v.243
    DDC: 363.73
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Aluminium Toxicity to Plants as Influenced by the Properties of the Root Growth Environment Affected by Other Co-Stressors: A ... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mechanisms of Aluminium Toxicity -- 3 Morphological Changes in Roots -- 4 Aluminium and Channel Interactions -- 5 Aluminium-Induced Changes at the Cell Wall -- 6 DNA Damage Under Aluminium -- 7 Plant Mechanisms of Al Tolerance -- 7.1 External Mechanisms -- 7.2 Internal Mechanisms -- 8 Aluminium Toxicity to Plants as Affected by Soil Environment Properties -- 8.1 Aluminium and Drought Interaction -- 8.2 Aluminium and Oxidative Stress -- 8.3 Aluminium Interaction with Heavy Metals -- 8.4 Aluminium Interaction with Soil Nutrients -- 8.5 Aluminium and Nitrogen Interaction -- 8.6 Aluminium and Calcium Interaction -- 8.7 Aluminium and Magnesium Interaction -- 8.8 Aluminium and Phosphorus Interaction -- 8.9 Aluminium and Silicon Interaction -- 8.10 Aluminium and Boron Interaction -- 9 Conclusion -- 10 Summary -- References -- ARSENIC: A Review on Exposure Pathways, Accumulation, Mobility and Transmission into the Human Food Chain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pathways of Exposure -- 3 Transmission and Mobility of Arsenic in Environment -- 4 Transfer from Soil-Water to Plants -- 5 Arsenic in Plants -- 6 Arsenic in Rice and Effect of Processing -- 7 Conclusion -- 8 Summary -- References -- Modelling the Release, Transport and Fate of Engineered Nanoparticles in the Aquatic Environment - A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Previous Overviews and Critical Publications -- 3 Small-Scale Modelling -- 3.1 Population Balance Models -- 3.2 Mass Concentrations -- 3.3 Dissolution -- 3.4 Chemical and Physical Reactivity -- 3.5 DLVO Theory -- 3.6 Particle Dynamics -- 4 Intermediate Scale: Environmental and Technical Compartments -- 4.1 Groundwater and Soil. , 4.2 Surface Waters -- 4.3 Wastewater Treatment Plants and Other Technical Compartments -- 4.4 Probabilistic Methods -- 5 Large-Scale Modelling -- 5.1 Multimedia Models -- 5.2 Material Flow Analysis and Exposure Modelling -- 5.3 GIS Approaches -- 6 Conclusions and Summary -- 6.1 Data on Use, Production and Emission -- 6.2 Modelling Processes in the Environment -- 6.3 Open Questions and Guidelines -- A Mathematical Details -- A.1 Population Balance Theory -- A.2 DLVO Theory -- A.3 Transport and Adsorption in Groundwater -- References -- Impact of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals on the Agricultural Environment: A Re-inspection -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Antibiotics and Anti-parasitic Pharmaceuticals: Presentation and Production -- 1.2 Occurrence of VPS in Manure and Soil -- 2 Stability of VPs in Manure and Soil -- 2.1 Biodegradation in Soil -- 2.2 Abiotic Degradation in Soil -- 2.3 Half-Lives in Manure -- 3 Leaching from Soil to Groundwater -- 3.1 Literature Data on VP Leaching -- 3.2 Occurrence of VPs in Ground Waters and Comparison to Leaching Data -- 4 VPs vs. Soil Microorganisms -- 4.1 Toxicity Toward Soil Bacteria and Fungi -- 4.2 Resistance of Bacteria -- 5 VPs vs. Plants -- 5.1 Uptake and Translocation -- 5.2 Metabolism -- 5.3 Toxicity -- 6 Current Legislation and Regulation -- 7 Conclusion and Summary -- References -- Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Oligochaetes Using a Biodynamic Model: A Review of Values of Physiological Parameters and M... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physiological Parameters: A Review -- 2.1 Ingestion Rates -- 2.2 Assimilation Efficiencies -- 2.3 Biokinetic Parameters in Cd Bioaccumulation by Aquatic Oligochaetes -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Physiological Parameters -- 3.2 Application of the Biodynamic Model to Laboratory Cd Spiked-Sediment Bioassays with Tubifex tubifex. , 3.3 Application of the Biodynamic Model to Field-Collected Aquatic Oligochaetes or those Exposed to Field Sediments in Laborat... -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Summary -- References -- Index.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Environmental management. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (203 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319339726
    Series Statement: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; v.239
    DDC: 577.27
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Prospective Environmental Risk Assessment for Sediment-Bound Organic Chemicals: A Proposal for Tiered Effect Assessment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Benthic Ecology -- 3 Ecosystem Functions and Services Provided by Benthic Organisms -- 3.1 Dealing with Vulnerable Key Species -- 4 Specific Protection Goals for Sediment Risk Assessment -- 5 Triggers for Prospective Sediment Risk Assessment in European Regulatory Frameworks -- 6 Data Requirements for Effect Assessment -- 6.1 Toxicity Data Requirements in European Regulatory Frameworks -- 6.2 Main Differences Between Existing OECD, ASTM and US-EPA Guidelines -- 6.3 Recommendation for a Suite of Benthic Test Species -- 7 Factors Affecting the Exposure of Sediment-Dwelling Organisms -- 7.1 Chemical Factors -- 7.2 Biological Factors -- 7.3 Spatial Factors -- 7.4 Temporal Factors -- 8 Exposure Concentration in Sediment ERA -- 8.1 The Ecotoxicologically Relevant Concentration for Sediment-Dwelling Organisms -- 8.2 Overview of Fate and Exposure Models -- 8.3 Linking Exposure to Effects in Sediment ERA -- 9 Tiered Effect Assessment for Benthic Test Species and Spiked Sediments -- 9.1 Tiered Approach -- 9.2 Tier-0 Effect Assessment Based on Equilibrium Partitioning -- 9.3 Tier-1 Effect Assessment Based on Protocol Tests for Benthic Invertebrates and Macrophytes -- 9.4 Tier-2 Approach on Basis of Laboratory Toxicity Data for Standard and Additional Benthic Invertebrates and/or Rooted Macro... -- 9.4.1 Geometric Mean Approach -- 9.4.2 Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) Approach -- 9.5 Tier-3 Approach Based on Semi-Field Experiments -- 9.6 Tier-4 Approach Based on Field Studies -- 9.7 Effect Models to Supplement the Experimental Tiers -- 9.7.1 Individual Level Models -- 9.7.2 Population-Level Models -- 9.7.3 Ecosystem Level Models. , 9.7.4 Spatially Explicit Models -- 9.8 Effect Assessment for Vertebrates -- 9.9 Effect Assessment for Microorganisms -- 10 Sediment Effect Assessment: Case Studies -- 10.1 The Pharmaceutical Ivermectin -- 10.1.1 Evaluation of Standard and Additional Toxicity Data for Pelagic Organisms and Ivermectin -- 10.1.2 Tier-0 Effect Assessment for Ivermectin on Basis of Equilibrium Partitioning -- 10.1.3 Tier-1 Effect Assessment for Benthic Organisms and Ivermectin -- 10.1.4 Tier-2 Effect Assessment Based on Standard and Additional Test Species for Ivermectin -- Geometric Mean Approach -- Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach -- 10.1.5 Tier-3 Effect Assessment Based on Micro/Mesocosm Experiments for Ivermectin -- 10.1.6 Conclusions from the Ivermectin Toxicity Data for Benthic Organisms -- 10.2 The Insecticide Chlorpyrifos -- 10.2.1 Evaluation of Standard and Additional Toxicity Data for Pelagic Organisms and Chlorpyrifos -- 10.2.2 Tier-0 Effect Assessment for Chlorpyrifos Based on Equilibrium Partitioning -- 10.2.3 Tier-1 Effect Assessment for Benthic Organisms and Chlorpyrifos -- 10.2.4 Tier-2 Effect Assessment Based on Standard and Additional Test Species for Chlorpyrifos -- Geometric Mean Approach -- Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach -- 10.2.5 Tier-3 Effect Assessment Based on Micro/Mesocosm Experiments -- 10.2.6 Conclusions from the Chlorpyrifos Toxicity Data for Benthic Organisms for Chlorpyrifos -- 10.3 The Biocide Tributyltin -- 10.3.1 Evaluation of Standard and Additional Toxicity Data for Pelagic Organisms and Tributyltin -- 10.3.2 Tier-0 Effect Assessment for Tributyltin Based on Equilibrium Partitioning -- 10.3.3 Tier-1 Effect Assessment for Benthic Organisms and Tributyltin -- 10.3.4 Tier-2 Effect Assessment Based on Standard and Additional Test Species for Tributyltin -- Geometric Mean Approach. , Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach -- 10.3.5 Tier-3 Effect Assessment Based on Micro/Mesocosm Experiments for Tributyltin -- 10.3.6 Conclusions from the Tributyltin Toxicity Data for Benthic Organisms -- 10.4 Main Outcomes from the Case Studies -- 11 Main Recommendations for Prospective ERA for Sediment-Bound Organic Chemicals and Outlook -- 11.1 Specific Protection Goals -- 11.2 Triggers for Prospective Sediment ERA -- 11.3 Linking Exposure to Effects -- 11.4 The Tiered Approach in Effect Assessment -- 12 Summary -- Appendix 1: List of Workshop Participants -- Appendix 2: List of Abbreviations -- References -- How Important Is Research on Pollution Levels in Antarctica? Historical Approach, Difficulties and Current Trends -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Presence of Pollutants in Antarctica´s Environment -- 2.1 Abiotic Environment -- 2.1.1 Air -- 2.1.2 Snow and Ice -- 2.1.3 Soil and Permafrost -- 2.1.4 Catchment Areas -- 2.1.5 Ocean, Seas and Bottom Sediments -- 2.2 Biotic Environment -- 2.2.1 Plants -- 2.2.2 Crustaceans, Benthic Organisms and Fishes -- 2.2.3 Seabirds -- 2.2.4 Marine Mammals -- 3 Types of Pollutants Present in Antarctica´s Environment -- 4 Detailed Information Pertaining to Analytical Research in Antarctica -- 4.1 History of Research on the Chemical Composition of Samples from Antarctica -- 4.2 Pollution Concentration Levels Over Decades -- 4.3 Analytical Techniques in the Study of the Antarctic Environment -- 4.4 Impact of Research Station Activities on Pollution Levels -- 5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Important Issues in Ecotoxicological Investigations Using Earthworms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Role of Earthworms in Soil Ecosystems -- 3 Advances in Earthworm Ecotoxicology -- 4 Biomarker Responses and Issue of Linkage to Higher Level Responses -- 4.1 Biomarkers. , 4.2 Changes at Different Levels of Biological Organization -- 4.3 Establishing the Link Between Responses at Different Levels of Biological Complexity -- 5 Effects of Mixtures -- 5.1 Environmental Pollutants as Mixtures -- 5.2 Effects of Mixtures on Earthworms -- 5.3 Assessment of Effects of Mixtures -- 6 Occurrence of Hormetic Effect -- 6.1 Hormesis -- 6.2 Hormetic Effect in Earthworms -- 6.3 Hormetic Effect in Ecotoxicological Investigations -- 7 Inclusion of Microcosmic Systems in Ecotoxicological Investigations -- 7.1 Characteristics of Soil Microcosm -- 7.2 Soil Microcosm in Ecotoxicological Studies -- 8 Effects of Temperature Change on Toxic Effects of Pollutants and Biomarker Responses in Earthworms -- 8.1 Effects of Temperature Change -- 8.2 Interactions Between Temperature Change and Pollutant Toxicity to Earthworms -- 8.3 The Need for Further Assessment of the Effect of Temperature on Pollutant Toxicity to Earthworms -- 9 Conclusions -- 10 Summary -- References -- Index.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer
    Keywords: Environmental toxicology ; Environmental management ; Environmental chemistry ; Ecotoxicology ; Water pollution. ; Water quality.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Graphene-based Nanomaterials Toxicity in Fish -- 2. Environmental Problems of Mining Waste Disposal Sites in Russia -- 3. Mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) in liver, kidney and feathers of gulls: A review -- 4. Pesticides and Related Toxicants in the Atmosphere
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 199 p. 11 illus., 4 illus. in color)
    ISBN: 9783030062316
    Series Statement: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Continuation of Residue Reviews 247
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    Keywords: Water quality ; Water pollution ; Environmental management ; Ecotoxicology ; Waste management ; Environment ; Environment ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Environmental management ; Ecotoxicology ; Waste management
    Description / Table of Contents: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 199 p. 23 illus., 13 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319423005
    Series Statement: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Continuation of Residue Reviews 240
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer
    Keywords: Environment ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Environmental chemistry ; Environmental management ; Ecotoxicology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 166 p. 49 illus., 12 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319668758
    Series Statement: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Continuation of Residue Reviews 244
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental management ; Ecotoxicology ; Water pollution ; Environment ; Environmental management ; Ecotoxicology ; Water pollution
    Description / Table of Contents: In-situ Remediation Approaches for the Management of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Overview -- Ex-situ Remediation Technologies for Environmental Pollutants: A Critical Perspective -- Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review -- Nanostructured metal oxides for stoichiometric degradation of CWA -- Ecological Recovery Potential of Freshwater Organisms - Consequences for Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 297 p. 23 illus., 8 illus. in color, online resource)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2016
    ISBN: 9783319200132
    Series Statement: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Continuation of Residue Reviews 236
    Language: English
    Note: In-situ Remediation Approaches for the Management of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive OverviewEx-situ Remediation Technologies for Environmental Pollutants: A Critical Perspective -- Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review -- Nanostructured metal oxides for stoichiometric degradation of CWA -- Ecological Recovery Potential of Freshwater Organisms - Consequences for Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals.
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