Description: Samples were collected from Baffin Bay in 2008, 2015, and 2017 aboard the CSS Hudson and Amundsen research vessels. The box core and triggers cores were collected at water depths ranging from 267 to 2373 m below sea level. This dataset includes bulk geochemical and lipid biomarker proxy data from these samples. Bulk geochemical datasets include % carbon, % nitrogen and their stable isotopes as measured by EA-IRMS (Elemental Analyzer linked to an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer). Lipid biomarker proxy data include highly-branched isoprenoids and sterols as measured by GC-MS (Gas Chromatograph linked to a Mass Spectrometer) and isoprenoid/hydroxylated glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers as measured by HPLC-MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography linked to a Mass Spectrometer). Highly-branched isoprenoid and sterol data are presented as concentrations whereas isoprenoid/hydroxylated glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers data are presented as relative abundance. All analytical measurements were performed at the University of Colorado Boulder. Further information on the data and interpretations can be found in Harning et al. (2023).

Description: Composite sediment core OD1507-03TC-41GC-03PC was collected at an average water depth of 976 m in outer Petermann Fjord during The Petermann 2015 Expedition to Petermann Fjord and adjacent Hall Basin in Nares Strait, northern Greenland. Previous results showed that the splice covers large parts of the Holocene, from the present to 6,900 cal yrs BP (Reilly et al. 2019). The core was sampled approximately every 5 cm for sea-ice related biomarker and total organic carbon (TOC) analyses and approximately every 10 cm for foraminiferal abundance counts. Where enough material was available, the depth of foraminiferal samples match the depth of biomarker samples. Sea-ice related biomarkers (IP25, HBI II, Brassicasterol, Cholesterol, Dinosterol, Campesterol, and β-sitosterol) where extracted using saponification (5% potassium hydroxide (KOH) in methanol (MeOH):H2O (9:1, v/v); 70°C, 1 h) followed by extraction of the non-saponifiable lipids into hexane (3 x 2 mL). After sample purification the different biomarkers were analysed on an Agilent 7890B GC fitted with an HP-5ms Ultra Inert column (30 m x 250 μm x 0.25 μm) coupled to a 5977A series mass selective detector and equipped with a Gerstel multipurpose sampler (MPS) at Aarhus University. TOC measurements and analysis of the carbon isotopic composition of the TOC were performed on 10 mg of the same sample material as for biomarker analyses. The samples were treated with 35% HCl prior to analyses, to remove inorganic carbon. The stable isotope δ13Corg and % wt TOC were measured using a continuous-flow IsoPrime IRMS coupled to an Elementar PyroCube elemental analyser at the Aarhus AMS Centre (AARAMS), Aarhus University, Denmark. Samples for foraminiferal abundance counts were wet sieved at 63 µm and counted wet, submerged in a 'storage' solution of 70 % distilled water and 30 % ethanol with baking soda to preserve fragile calcareous and agglutinated tests. A wet splitter was used when necessary to achieve a count of at least 200-300 benthic foraminifers.

Description: These data include highly-branched isoprenoids (IP25, HBI II, HBI III and HBI IV) and isoprenoid GDGTs from marine sediment cores MD99-2269 and JR51-GC35 from the North Iceland Shelf. Total lipids were extracted and purified following standard procedures on an ASE and using silica-gel columns, respectively. HBIs were then analyzed on GC-MS and GDGTs on HPLC-MS. Both records have age models derived from radiocarbon-dated molluscs and foraminifera that are published elsewhere, and the above lipid biomarker records cover the last 8000 years. Temporal resolution varies between multi-centennial to sub-centennial. From MD99-2269, data also include complete planktic and benthic foraminifera assemblages. Foraminifera were wet-picked from sediment subsamples. Using established transfer functions, we also present SST and BWT records derived from the planktic and benthic foraminifera assemblages, respectively. Planktic assemblage data cover the last 10000 years whereas benthic assemblage data only cover the last 8000 years. Temporal resolution varies between multi-centennial to sub-centennial. These data were collected in order to document the Holocene paleoceanography of the North Iceland Shelf. In other words, to study when Arctic/Polar versus Atlantic Waters bathed the region, how the temperatures of these currents changed, when and how sea ice was advected to the region, and how pelagic productivity was impacted by all these oceanographic variables.