Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- A -- Abstraction -- Acclimation -- Adaptation -- Adaptation Models -- Adjustment -- Advection -- Advection Equation -- Advection Schemes -- Algorithm -- Aliasing -- Alkalinity -- Allometry -- Amphidromic Systems -- Approximation -- Aquatic Biological Cycling Equations -- Aquatic Biosphere -- Aquatic Cryosphere -- Aquatic Ecosystems -- Aquatic Element Cycling -- Aquatic Sciences -- B -- Bacterioplankton -- Baroclinic Waves -- Basic Ecosystem Functions -- Biodiversity -- Biogeographical Regions -- Biospheric Principles -- Bjerrum Plot -- Bottom Boundary Layer -- Bottom Ekman Layer -- Boundaries -- Boundary Conditions -- Boundary Currents -- Boundary Layers -- Boussinesq Approximation -- Bulk Mixed Layer Models -- Buoyancy -- C -- Calcium Carbonate Dynamics -- Capillary Waves -- Carbonate Dynamics -- Carbonate System -- Carbon Pathways -- Carbon Pumps -- Cartesian Coordinates -- Celestial Mechanics -- Cell Growth Kinetics -- Cell Growth Model -- Chemical Notation -- Chemostat -- Circulation -- Climatology -- Clines -- Coastal Currents -- Coastal and Shelf Sea Regimes -- Coastal Upwelling Regime -- Coastally Trapped Waves -- Coccolithophores -- Coexistence -- Coherent Vortices -- Community Logistic Equation -- Compartment Models -- Competition -- Complexity -- Complex Numbers -- Computational Mode -- Conceptual Models -- Conditional Stability -- Consistency -- Continua -- Convection -- Convection Parametrization -- Convergence -- Coordinate Systems -- Co-oscillation -- Copepod Life Cycle -- Coriolis Parameter -- Coupled Element Cycles -- Coupled Hydrodynamic-Ecosystem Models -- Coupled Reaction Equations -- Critical Depth -- Critical Latitudes -- Critical Thinking -- Cross Shelf Exchange -- Cyanobacteria -- Cyanobacteria Life Cycle -- Cyclogeostrophy -- Cylindrical Coordinates -- D -- Decomposer Parametrization. , Deformation Radius -- Density -- Deterministic Chaos -- Detrital Sinking Flux -- Detritus -- Diatoms -- Diatom Life Cycle -- Differentiation Rules -- Diffusion -- Diffusion Equation -- Dinoflagellates -- Discrete Advection Equation -- Discrete Diffusion Equation -- Discrete Momentum Advection Equation -- Discrete Population Growth Models -- Discrete Reaction Equation -- Discrete Wave Equation -- Discretization -- Discretized Plane Gravity Waves -- Discretized Planetary Waves -- Dispersal -- Dispersion -- Dispersion Relationships -- Diurnal Cycle -- Diurnal Inequality -- Divergence -- Double Diffusion -- Downslope Flows -- Dynamic Resolution -- E -- Earth-Moon System -- Earth System Science -- Ecosystem Control -- Eddy Energy -- Eigenvalue Problems -- Ekman Balance -- Ekman Transports -- Elementary Current System -- Elliptic Equations -- Emergence -- Enzyme Kinetics -- Equation of Motion -- Equation of State -- Equatorial Kelvin Waves -- Equatorial Regime -- Equilibria -- Equivalent Depth -- Estuaries -- Euphotic Zone -- Evolution -- F -- Feedbacks -- Filaments -- Filters -- Finite Amplitude Waves -- Finite Differences -- Finite Elements -- Flow Description -- Flow Diagram -- Flow Visualization -- Fluid Kinematics -- Fourier Series -- f-Ratio -- Free Ice Drift -- Freshwater Regimes -- Frontal Dynamics -- Fronts -- G -- General Circulation Models -- Generation Time -- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics -- Geostrophy -- Gravitational Acceleration -- Grazing -- H -- Harmonic Tidal Analysis -- HNLC Regime -- Horizontal Grids -- Hydraulics -- Hydro-Acoustics -- Hydrodynamic Instabilities -- Hydrodynamic System of Equations -- Hydro-Optics -- Hydrosphere -- Hydrostatic Balance -- Hydrostatic Surface Gravity Waves -- Hydro-Thermodynamics -- I -- Ice Algae -- Iceberg Drift Model -- Ice -- Ice Concentration -- Ice Ecosystems -- Ice Growth -- Ice Melt -- Ice Models. , Ice Momentum -- Ice Pump -- Ice Rheology -- Ice Shelf Melting Parametrization -- Ice Thickness -- Ice Types -- Idealization -- Implicit Assumptions -- Implicit Time Integration Schemes -- Index Notation -- Individual Based Models -- Inertia-Gravity Waves -- Inertial Oscillations -- Inertial Waves -- Integration Rules -- Internal Quota Models -- Internal Storage -- Internal Waves -- Interpolation -- Intraglacial Melt Ponds -- Iron Pathways -- Isopycnic Coordinates -- Iteration -- K -- Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability -- Kelvin Waves -- Kinematic Boundary Conditions -- L -- Lagrangian Diffusivity -- Laplace' Tidal Equations -- Large-Scale Wind-Driven Circulation -- Life Cycle Models -- Life Processes -- Light Limitation -- Linearization -- Linear Interpolation -- Linear Regression -- Linear Stability Analysis -- Liquid Water -- Logistic Growth Model -- Logistic Map -- Long Surface Gravity Waves -- M -- Masking -- Mathematical Functions -- Mathematical Models -- Matrix Algebra -- Matrix Models -- Mechanical Energy -- Mechanical Waves -- Mesoscale Eddy Field -- Metabolic Losses -- Michaelis-Menten Kinetics -- Microbial Nitrogen Transformations -- Mixing -- Mixing Length Theory -- Mixing Tensor -- Models -- Model Complexity -- Model Configuration -- Model Coupling -- Model Development -- Model Evaluation -- Mode Splitting -- Mortality -- Motility -- Multi-Species Competition -- Multi-Species Models -- Mutation -- N -- Negative Concentrations -- Nesting -- Newton-Raphson Iteration -- Nitrogen Fixation -- Nitrogen Pathways -- Non-dimensional Parameters -- Non-equidistant Grids -- Non-hydrostatic Models -- NPZD-Type Models -- Numerical Errors -- Numerical Models -- Numerical Stability -- Nutrient Profiles -- Nutrients -- O -- Observations -- Oligotrophic Regime -- Open Boundaries -- Optical Water Types -- Optimization -- Ordinary Differential Equations. , Overflow -- Overturning -- Oxygen Distribution -- P -- Paradigms -- Parameter Study -- Parametrization -- Parasitism -- Partial Differential Equations -- Partial Tides -- Particle Trajectories -- Patchiness -- pCO2 -- Penetration Depth -- pH -- Phase Space -- Phosphorus Pathways -- Photoacclimation -- Photopigments -- Photosynthesis -- Photosynthetic Quotient -- Physiogeographical Regions -- Physiologically Based Models -- Physiosphere-Biosphere Transition Zone -- Phytoplankton -- Phytoplankton Blooms -- Phytoplankton Growth -- Phytoplankton Growth Limitation -- Phytoplankton Temperature Dependence -- Planetary Waves -- Plankton Functional Types -- Planktonic Life Cycles -- Planktonic Organisms -- Plankton Waves -- Polar Regimes -- Polynyas -- Population Growth Theory -- Potential Vorticity -- Predator-Prey Systems -- Predictability -- Prediction -- Pressure Gradient Error -- Primary Production -- Primitive Equations -- Probability Distribution -- Process Models -- Projection -- Prymnesiophytes -- Q -- Quasigeostrophy -- R -- Reaction Equation -- Rectified Contour Currents -- Regime -- Remineralization -- Remineralization Length Scale -- Reproduction -- Residence Time -- Resolution -- Resonance -- Resource Limitation -- Resting Period -- Restoring Forces -- Revolution and Rotation -- Reynolds Averaged Equations -- Reynolds Averaging -- Ricker Model -- Rossby Waves -- Rotated Mixing Tensor -- Rotating Coordinate System -- Runge-Kutta Schemes -- S -- Salinity -- Scalars -- Scales -- Scaling -- Scientific Laws and Principles -- Scientific Methods -- Sea Ice -- Sea Ice Effects -- Seamount Effects -- Seamount Trapped Waves -- Seasonal Cycle -- Sediment Plumes -- Sediment Transport -- Seiches -- Sequence Analysis -- Shallow Water Equations -- Shallow Water Tides -- Short Surface Gravity Waves -- Silicon Pathways -- Simulation Models -- Size Class Models. , Solar Radiation -- Solubility -- Species Concept -- Species Interactions -- Spectral Analysis -- Spherical Coordinates -- Spring-Neap Cycle -- Standing Waves -- State Variables -- Statistics -- Stoichiometry -- Stokes Drift -- Stokes' Law -- Stratification -- Structured Plankton Models -- Subgridscale Ice Thickness Distribution -- Subgridscale Parametrizations -- Subpolar Gyre Regime -- Subsurface Biomass Maximum Layer -- Subtropical Gyre Regime -- Sulfur Pathways -- Surface Ekman Layer -- Surface Fluxes -- Surface Gravity Waves -- Surface Microlayer -- Surface Mixed Layer -- Surface Mixed Layer Depth -- Systems of Differential Equations -- System Stability -- Systems Theory -- T -- Taylor Cap -- Taylor Column -- Taylor-Proudman Theorem -- Taylor Series -- Temperature -- Tensors -- Terrain-following Coordinates -- Theory -- Thermodynamic Ice Model -- Thermodynamic Laws -- Thermohaline Circulation -- Thickness Diffusion -- Tidal Currents -- Tidal Forces -- Tidal Models -- Tidal Potential -- Tides -- Time Integration Schemes -- Topographic Effects -- Topographic Rossby Waves -- Tracer Equation -- Tracers -- Trait -- Trait Diffusion -- Trait Diffusion Models -- Trophic Levels -- Truncation Error -- Turbulence -- Turbulent Closure -- Turbulent Mixing Coefficients -- Two-layer Fluid Equations -- Two-layer Fluid Gravity Waves -- U -- Upstream Schemes -- Uptake -- Uptake Affinity -- Upwelling/Downwelling -- V -- Variability -- Vectors -- Ventilation -- Vertical Coordinates -- Vertical Coordinate Transformation -- Vertical Ecosystem Structure -- Vertical Migration -- Vertical Modes -- Vertical Tracer Balances -- Virioplankton -- Viscosity -- Vorticity -- Vorticity Dipoles -- W -- Water Column Models -- Waves -- Wave Damping -- Wave Equation -- Wave Field -- Wave Reflection -- Wave Refraction -- Wave-Wave Interaction -- Waves in Moving Fluids. , Westward Intensification.