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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
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    Construction of a climate data record of sea surface temperature from passive microwave measurements
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing of Environment Vol. 236 ( 2020-01), p. 111485-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing of Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 236 ( 2020-01), p. 111485-
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0034-4257
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111485
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Elsevier BV
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 1498713-2
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 14
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  • 2
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    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-5-3)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-5-3)
    Kurzfassung: More high-quality, in situ observations of essential marine variables are needed over the seasonal ice zone to better understand Arctic (or Antarctic) weather, climate, and ecosystems. To better assess the potential for arrays of uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs) to provide such observations, five wind-driven and solar-powered saildrones were sailed into the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas following the 2019 seasonal retreat of sea ice. They were equipped to observe the surface oceanic and atmospheric variables required to estimate air-sea fluxes of heat, momentum and carbon dioxide. Some of these variables were made available to weather forecast centers in real time. Our objective here is to analyze the effectiveness of existing remote ice navigation products and highlight the challenges and opportunities for improving remote ice navigation strategies with USVs. We examine the sources of navigational sea-ice distribution information based on post-mission tabulation of the sea-ice conditions encountered by the vehicles. The satellite-based ice-concentration analyses consulted during the mission exhibited large disagreements when the sea ice was retreating fastest (e.g., the 10% concentration contours differed between analyses by up to ∼175 km). Attempts to use saildrone observations to detect the ice edge revealed that in situ temperature and salinity measurements varied sufficiently in ice bands and open water that it is difficult to use these variables alone as a reliable ice-edge indicator. Devising robust strategies for remote ice zone navigation may depend on developing the capability to recognize sea ice and initiate navigational maneuvers with cameras and processing capability onboard the vehicles.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.640697
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.640697.s001
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: Frontiers Media SA
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2757748-X
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  • 3
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    Validating Salinity from SMAP and HYCOM Data with Saildrone Data during EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-13), p. 3375-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-13), p. 3375-
    Kurzfassung: The 2020 ‘Elucidating the role of clouds-circulation coupling in climate-Ocean-Atmosphere’ (EUREC4A-OA) and the ‘Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign’ (ATOMIC) campaigns focused on improving our understanding of the interaction between clouds, convection and circulation and their function in our changing climate. The campaign utilized many data collection technologies, some of which are relatively new. In this study, we used saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles, one of the newer cutting edge technologies available for marine data collection, to validate Level 2 and Level 3 Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) sea surface salinity (SSS) products in the Western Tropical Atlantic. The saildrones observed fine-scale salinity variability not present in the lower-spatial resolution satellite and model products. In regions that lacked significant small-scale salinity variability, the satellite and model salinities performed well. However, SMAP Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) 70 km generally outperformed its counterparts outside of areas with submesoscale SSS variation, whereas RSS 40 km performed better within freshening events such as a fresh tongue. HYCOM failed to detect the fresh tongue. These results will allow researchers to make informed decisions regarding the most ideal product and its drawbacks for their applications in this region and aid in the improvement of mesoscale and submesoscale SSS products, which can lead to the refinement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14143375
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2513863-7
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  • 4
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    FluxSat: Measuring the Ocean–Atmosphere Turbulent Exchange of Heat and Moisture from Space
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-06-03), p. 1796-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-06-03), p. 1796-
    Kurzfassung: Recent results using wind and sea surface temperature data from satellites and high-resolution coupled models suggest that mesoscale ocean–atmosphere interactions affect the locations and evolution of storms and seasonal precipitation over continental regions such as the western US and Europe. The processes responsible for this coupling are difficult to verify due to the paucity of accurate air–sea turbulent heat and moisture flux data. These fluxes are currently derived by combining satellite measurements that are not coincident and have differing and relatively low spatial resolutions, introducing sampling errors that are largest in regions with high spatial and temporal variability. Observational errors related to sensor design also contribute to increased uncertainty. Leveraging recent advances in sensor technology, we here describe a satellite mission concept, FluxSat, that aims to simultaneously measure all variables necessary for accurate estimation of ocean–atmosphere turbulent heat and moisture fluxes and capture the effect of oceanic mesoscale forcing. Sensor design is expected to reduce observational errors of the latent and sensible heat fluxes by almost 50%. FluxSat will improve the accuracy of the fluxes at spatial scales critical to understanding the coupled ocean–atmosphere boundary layer system, providing measurements needed to improve weather forecasts and climate model simulations.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12111796
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2513863-7
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  • 5
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    Spatio-temporal persistence of zooplankton communities in the Gulf of Alaska
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2021
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-1-22), p. e0244960-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-1-22), p. e0244960-
    Kurzfassung: Spatial structuring of mid-trophic level forage communities in the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) is poorly understood, even though it has clear implications for the health of fisheries and marine wildlife populations. Here, we test the hypothesis that summertime (May-August) mesozooplankton communities are spatially-persistent across years of varying ocean conditions, including during the marine heatwave of 2014–2016. We use spatial ordinations and hierarchical clustering of Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) sampling over 17 years (2000–2016) to (1) characterize typical zooplankton communities in different regions of the GoA, and (2) investigate spatial structuring relative to variation in ocean temperatures and circulation. Five regional communities were identified, each representing distinct variation in the abundance of 18 primary zooplankton taxa: a distinct cluster of coastal taxa on the continental shelf north of Vancouver Island; a second cluster in the western GoA associated with strong currents and cold water east of Unimak Pass; a shelf break cluster rich in euphausiids found at both the eastern and western margins of the GoA; a broad offshore cluster of abundant pelagic zooplankton in the southern GoA gyre associated with stable temperature and current conditions; and a final offshore cluster exhibiting low zooplankton abundance concentrated along the northeastern arm of the subarctic gyre where ocean conditions are dominated by eddy activity. When comparing years of anomalous warm and cold sea surface temperatures, we observed change in the spatial structure in coastal communities, but little change (i.e., spatial persistence) in the northwestern GoA basin. Whereas previous studies have shown within-region variability in zooplankton communities in response to ocean climate, we highlight both consistency and change in regional communities, with interannual variability in shelf communities and persistence in community structure offshore. These results suggest greater variability in coastal food webs than in the central portion of the GoA, which may be important to energy exchange from lower to upper trophic levels in the mesoscale biomes of this ecosystem.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244960
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244960.g001
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244960.t001
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244960.s001
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2267670-3
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  • 6
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    Correcting non-photochemical quenching of Saildrone chlorophyll-a fluorescence for evaluation of satellite ocean color retrievals
    Optica Publishing Group ; 2020
    In:  Optics Express Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2020-02-03), p. 4274-
    Details
    In: Optics Express, Optica Publishing Group, Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2020-02-03), p. 4274-
    Kurzfassung: In vivo chlorophyll fluorescence ( ChlF ) can serve as a reasonable estimator of in situ phytoplankton biomass with the benefits of efficiently and affordably extending the global chlorophyll ( Chl) data set in time and space to remote oceanic regions where routine sampling by other vessels is uncommon. However, in vivo ChlF measurements require correction for known, spurious biases relative to other measures of Chl concentration, including satellite ocean color retrievals. Spurious biases affecting in vivo ChlF measurements include biofouling, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence, calibration offsets, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). A more evenly distributed global sampling of in vivo ChlF would provide additional confidence in estimates of uncertainty for satellite ocean color retrievals. A Saildrone semi-autonomous, ocean-going, solar- and wind-powered surface drone recently measured a variety of ocean and atmospheric parameters, including ChlF , during a 60-day deployment in mid-2018 in the California Current region. Correcting the Saildrone ChlF data for known biases, including deriving an NPQ-correction, greatly improved the agreement between the drone measurements and satellite ocean color retrievals from MODIS-Aqua and VIIRS-SNPP, highlighting that once these considerations are made, Saildrone semi-autonomous surface vehicles are a valuable, emerging data source for ocean and ecosystem monitoring.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1094-4087
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1364/OE.382029
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Optica Publishing Group
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 1491859-6
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  • 7
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    Cloud-Native Repositories for Big Scientific Data
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2021
    In:  Computing in Science & Engineering Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2021-3-1), p. 26-35
    Details
    In: Computing in Science & Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2021-3-1), p. 26-35
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1521-9615 , 1558-366X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/MCSE.2021.3059437
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2042158-8
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  • 8
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    Comparison of GHRSST SST Analysis in the Arctic Ocean and Alaskan Coastal Waters Using Saildrones
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-02-01), p. 692-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-02-01), p. 692-
    Kurzfassung: There is high demand for complete satellite SST maps (or L4 SST analyses) of the Arctic regions to monitor the rapid environmental changes occurring at high latitudes. Although there are a plethora of L4 SST products to choose from, satellite-based products evolve constantly with the advent of new satellites and frequent changes in SST algorithms, with the intent of improving absolute accuracies. The constant change of these products, as reflected by the version product, make it necessary to do periodic validations against in situ data. Eight of these L4 products are compared here against saildrone data from two 2019 campaigns in the western Arctic, as part of the MISST project. The accuracy of the different products is estimated using different statistical methods, from standard and robust statistics to Taylor diagrams. Results are also examined in terms of spatial scales of variability using auto- and cross-spectral analysis. The three products with the best performance, at this point and time, are used in a case study of the thermal features of the Yukon–Kuskokwim delta. The statistical analyses show that two L4 SST products had consistently better relative accuracy when compared to the saildrone subsurface temperatures. Those are the NOAA/NCEI DOISST and the RSS MWOI SSTs. In terms of the spectral variance and feature resolution, the UK Met Office OSTIA product appears to outperform all others at reproducing the fine scale features, especially in areas of high spatial variability, such as the Alaska coast. It is known that L4 analyses generate small-scale features that get smoothed out as the SSTs are interpolated onto spatially complete grids. However, when the high-resolution satellite coverage is sparse, which is the case in the Arctic regions, the analyses tend to produce more spurious small-scale features. The analyses here indicate that the high-resolution coverage, attainable with current satellite infrared technology, is too sparse, due to cloud cover to support very high resolution L4 SST products in high latitudinal regions. Only for grid resolutions of ~9–10 km or greater does the smoothing of the gridding process balance out the small-scale noise resulting from the lack of high-resolution infrared data. This scale, incidentally, agrees with the Rossby deformation radius in the Arctic Ocean (~10 km).
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14030692
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2513863-7
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  • 9
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    EUREC〈sup〉4〈/sup〉A
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Earth System Science Data Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2021-08-25), p. 4067-4119
    Details
    In: Earth System Science Data, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2021-08-25), p. 4067-4119
    Kurzfassung: Abstract. The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1866-3516
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Copernicus GmbH
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2475469-9
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