Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- CONTENTS -- 1 Preface -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 1 Zoogeography -- 2 Environmental Factors -- 3 Tropical Forest -- 4 Savannah -- 5 Desert -- 6 Steppe -- 7 Temperate Forest -- 8 Taiga -- 9 Tundra And Snowlands -- 10 Mountains -- 11 Microenvironments -- 12 Fresh Waters -- 13 The Selective Influence Of The Habitat -- 14 The Influence Of The Organism On Its Habitat -- 15 Ecological Regulation -- Bibliography -- Appendix 1: Classification of World Climates and Vegetation -- Appendix 2: The Deserts of the World -- Index to Authors Cited -- General Index.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Conjugated Polymers: Properties, Processing, and Applications -- Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface to Fourth Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Editors -- Contributors -- 1 Conjugated Polymer-Based OFET Devices -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 State of OFET Technology/Applications/Commercialization Efforts -- 1.3 Recent Developments in Polymer OFET Materials - From Crystalline Polythiophenes to Donor-Acceptor Polymers -- 1.4 Charge Transport in Polymer OFETs -- 1.5 Role of Disorder -- 1.6 Charge Carrier Mobility and Artefacts -- 1.7 Stability of OFETs -- 1.8 Outlook -- References -- 2 Electrical Doping of Organic Semiconductors with Molecular Oxidants and Reductants -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Basics of Doping in Organic Materials -- Comparison to Doping of Inorganic Materials -- Effects of Doping -- 2.3 Criteria for Dopant Choice -- 2.4 Survey of Dopants -- p-Dopants -- n-Dopants -- 2.5 Device Examples -- OLEDs -- OFETs -- OPVs -- 2.6 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Electric Transport Properties in PEDOT Thin Films -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Chemistry of PEDOT -- Chemical vs. Electrochemical Polymerization of PEDOT:X -- Chemical Water Dispersion: PEDOT:PSS -- PEDOT:Biopolymer Dispersion Polymerization -- Tuning the Oxidation/Doping Level Chemically vs. Electrochemically -- 3.3 Electronic Structure of PEDOT: From a Single Chain to a Thin Film -- Nature of Charge Carriers and Electronic Structure of PEDOT Chains -- Density of States of PEDOT: From a Single Chain to a Thin Film -- Band Gap and Optical Transitions in PEDOT -- 3.4 Morphology of PEDOT -- Brief Review of Experimental Data for PEDOT:X and PEDOT:PSS (GIWAXS, TEM, AFM) -- Morphology of PEDOT: A Theoretical Perspective -- 3.5 Electrical Conductivity -- Basic Thermodynamics of Thermoelectrical Processes -- Temperature Dependence. , Secondary Doping -- Acid-Base Effect -- 3.6 Optical Conductivity -- Basic Definitions and Relations -- Methodologies for Measuring the Dielectric Function -- Optical Conductivity and Permittivity of PEDOT -- Concluding Remarks on PEDOT Optical Conductivity -- 3.7 Transport Properties of PEDOT: A Theoretical Perspective -- Basics of the Hopping Transport: Semi-Analytical Approach and Kinetic Monte Carlo -- Boltzmann Approach to Conductivity Based on the Model of an Ideal Crystal -- Multi-Scale Modelling Based on the Realistic Morphology -- 3.8 Mixed Electron-Ion Transport in PEDOT -- Devices Utilizing Mixed Electron and Ion Conductivity -- Experimental Results -- Modelling of Mixed Electron-Ion Transport in PEDOT -- Calculation of Ion Diffusion in PEDOT -- 3.9 Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymers -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Models of Thermoelectric Properties -- 4.3 Microstructure of Semiconducting Polymers -- 4.4 Thermoelectric Power Factor of Semiconducting Polymers -- Introduction -- Polyacetylene -- Polyaniline -- Poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) -- Poly(3-hexylthiophene) -- Poly( 2,5-bis(3- alkylthiophen-2 -yl) thieno [3,2- b]thiophene) -- Co-Polymers -- n-Type Polymers -- 4.5 Thermal Conductivity of Polymers -- Introduction -- Thermal Conductivity of Undoped Semiconducting Polymers -- Electronic Contribution to Thermal Conductivity -- 4.6 ZT for Polymers -- 4.7 Outlook -- References -- 5 Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers -- Introduction -- 5.1 Fundamentals -- Electropolymerization: Mechanism, Techniques, Synthesis Control -- Electrochemical Doping: Charge Carriers, Redox vs. Capacitive Behavior and Related Properties -- Relaxation Effects -- Electrochemical Characterization of an ECP in a Given Electrolytic Medium -- Determination of HOMO-LUMO Levels by Cyclic Voltammetry. , 5.2 New Trends in Electrosynthesis of Conducting Polymers -- New Monomers -- New Electrolytic Media -- 5.3 Nano-Objects and Nanocomposites -- Nano-Objects -- Nanocomposites -- 5.4 Applications -- Energy Storage -- Actuators and Drug Delivery -- Molecular Imprinting ECP -- Biosensors and Related Materials -- Anticorrosion -- Electrochromism and Electrofluorochromism -- Conclusion and Future -- References -- 6 Electrochromism in Conjugated Polymers - Strategies for Complete and Straightforward Color Control -- 6.1 Introduction to Electrochromic Polymers -- 6.2 Electrochromism in Conjugated Polymers -- 6.3 The Electrochromic Toolbox -- Electrochromic/Optical Contrast -- Colorimetric Analysis -- Switching Speed/Response Time -- Coloration Efficiency/Charge-to-Switch -- Optical Memory/Bistability -- Switching Stability -- 6.4 Synthesis of Soluble Electrochromic Polymers -- 6.5 Developing Structure- Property Relationships for Color Control in Cathodically Coloring ECPs -- Effect of the Choice of Heterocycle, the Building Block of ECPs -- Steric Effects of Introducing Functional Groups -- Expanding the Color Palette through Copolymerization -- Developing Broadly Absorbing Systems for Black and Brown Hues -- 6.6 Anodically Coloring Systems -- 6.7 Controlling Solubility, Contrast, and Redox Properties -- Tuning Solubility -- Tuning Contrast -- Tuning Redox and Switching Properties -- 6.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments and Notes -- References -- 7 Mechanical Properties of Semiconducting Polymers -- 7.1 Introduction and Background -- Semiconducting Polymers as a Subset of All Solid Polymers -- 7.2 Deformation in Solid Polymers -- Mediation of Mechanical Energy -- Elasticity and Plasticity -- Fracture -- 7.3 Mechanical Properties and Measurement Techniques -- Overview of Mechanical Properties -- Common Measurement Techniques -- 7.4 Effects of Physical Parameters. , Effects of Elastic Mismatch and Adhesion -- Effects of Film Thickness -- Effects of Strain Rate -- 7.5 Effects of Molecular Structure and Microstructure -- Role of Molecular Weight -- Role of Alkyl Side Chains -- Role of Molecular Structure and Backbone Rigidity -- Role of Intermolecular Packing -- 7.6 Glass Transition Temperature and Measurement Techniques -- The Glass Transition in Semiconducting Polymers -- Techniques to Measure the T[sub(g)] of Semiconducting Polymers -- 7.7 Theoretical Modeling -- Molecular Structure and Atomistic Simulations -- Polymer-Chain Size and Phase Behavior -- Coarse-Grained Simulations and Continuum-Based Methods -- 7.8 Composite Systems -- Effects of Molecular Mixing -- Polymer-Fullerene Composites -- 7.9 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- 8 Magnetic Field Effects in Organic Semiconductors -- Low and High Fields, Steady State and Time Resolved -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Review of Various Mechanisms -- The Hyperfine Mechanism -- Mechanisms Related to Triplet Excitons -- The Δg Mechanism -- Thermal Spin Polarization -- Magnetic Field Effect in Excited-State Spectroscopies of Films -- Steady State -- Time Resolved Magnetic Field Effects -- 8.3 Experimental Studies -- Magnetic Field Effects in Organic Devices at Low Fields -- Magneto-Photo-Induced Absorption in Films -- High Field Magneto-Photocurrent in Organic Bulk Hetero-Junction Photo-Voltaic Cells -- Transient Magneto-Photoinduced Absorption in Donor-Acceptor Copolymers -- 8.4 Summary -- References -- 9 Organic Electro-Optic Materials -- 9.1 Historical Overview -- 9.2 Introduction to Electro-Optic (EO) Activity -- 9.3 Pre-2005 Polymeric OEO Materials and Devices -- 9.4 Post-2005 Macromolecular OEO Materials and Devices -- 9.5 Applications -- 9.6 Other Organic Materials for Optical Modulation -- 9.7 Future Prognosis -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 10 Establishing the Thermal Phase Behavior and its Influence on Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconducting Polymers -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Single-Component Systems -- Crystallization and Melting -- Glass Transition -- Polymorphism -- Liquid Crystallinity -- 10.3 Multi-Component Systems -- Polymer Semiconductor:Solvent Systems -- Polymer Semiconductor:Small Molecule Systems -- Polymer Semiconductor:Polymer Systems -- 10.4 Time/Temperature/Transformation Phase Diagrams -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Poly(3-alkylthiophenes): Controlled Manipulation of Microstructure and its Impact on Charge Transport -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 P3AT Structural Characterization -- Small Angle Neutron Scattering -- UV-Vis Absorbance -- Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- X-Ray Scattering -- Atomic Force Microscopy -- Charge Carrier Mobility -- Concluding Remarks -- 11.3 Advances in Solution Processing Methods -- 11.4 Deposition Methods -- Spin-Coating -- Drop-Casting -- Inkjet Printing -- Dip-Coating -- Solution Shearing -- 11.5 Semiconductor Crystalline Structure in Flexible and Stretchable Devices -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Microstructural Characterization of Conjugated Organic Semiconductors by X-Ray Scattering -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Fundamentals of X-Ray Scattering -- Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering (WAXS) -- Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) -- 12.3 Applications in Conjugated Semiconductors (Selected Examples) -- Crystal Structure and Molecular Packing of Small-Molecules for Organic Thin-Film Transistor (OTFT) -- Estimation of Volume Fraction of Phases in Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) Photovoltaics -- Probing the Surface and the Bulk of Small-Molecule Thin Films -- Microstructural Evolution for P3HT:PCBM During Spin-Coating from One Solvent -- In Situ GISAXS for Probing Phase-Separation Evolution using Multiphase Modeling Based onTSI. , Co-Solvent Processing for Reducing Domains Over-Coarsening by Influencing the Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface to Fourth Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Editors -- Contributors -- 1: Conjugated Polymer- Based OFET Devices -- Mark Nikolka and Henning Sirringhaus -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 State of OFET Techn​ology​/Appl​icati​ons/ C​ommer​ciali​zatio​n Efforts -- 1.3 Recent Developments in Polymer OFET Materials - From Crystalline Polythiophenes to Donor-Acceptor Polymers -- 1.4 Charge Transport in Polymer OFETs -- 1.5 Role of Disorder -- 1.6 Charge Carrier Mobility and Artefacts -- 1.7 Stability of OFETs -- 1.8 Outlook -- References -- 2: Electrical Doping of Organic Semiconductors with Molecular Oxidants and Reductants -- Stephen Barlow, Seth R. Marder, Xin Lin, Fengyu Zhang, and Antoine Kahn -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Basics of Doping in Organic Materials -- 2.2.1 Comparison to Doping of Inorganic Materials -- 2.2.2 Effects of Doping -- 2.2.2.1 Enhancement of Conductivity -- 2.2.2.2 Lowering of Injection Barriers -- 2.3 Criteria for Dopant Choice -- 2.4 Survey of Dopants -- 2.4.1 p-Dopants -- 2.4.1.1 Inorganic p-Dopants -- 2.4.1.2 Organic and Metal-Organic p-Dopants -- 2.4.2 n-Dopants -- 2.4.2.1 One-Electron Reductants -- 2.4.2.2 Air-Stable n-Dopants -- 2.5 Device Examples -- 2.5.1 OLEDs -- 2.5.2 OFETs -- 2.5.3 OPVs -- 2.6 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3: Electric Transport Properties in PEDOT Thin Films -- Nara Kim, Ioannis Petsagkourakis, Shangzhi Chen, Magnus Berggren, Xavier Crispin, Magnus P. Jonsson, and Igor Zozoulenko -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Chemistry of PEDOT -- 3.2.1 Chemical vs. Electrochemical Polymerization of PEDOT:X -- 3.2.2 Chemical Water Dispersion: PEDOT:PSS -- 3.2.3 PEDOT:Biopolymer Dispersion Polymerization -- 3.2.4 Tuning the Oxidation/Doping Level Chemically vs. Electrochemically. , 3.3 Electronic Structure of PEDOT: From a Single Chain to a Thin Film -- 3.3.1 Nature of Charge Carriers and Electronic Structure of PEDOT Chains -- 3.3.2 Density of States of PEDOT: From a Single Chain to a Thin Film -- 3.3.3 Band Gap and Optical Transitions in PEDOT -- 3.4 Morphology of PEDOT -- 3.4.1 Brief Review of Experimental Data for PEDOT:X and PEDOT:PSS (GIWAXS, TEM, AFM) -- 3.4.2 Morphology of PEDOT: A Theoretical Perspective -- 3.4.2.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Morphology -- 3.4.2.2 Effect of Counter-Ions at High Oxidation Levels -- 3.4.2.3 Effect of Substrates -- 3.5 Electrical Conductivity -- 3.5.1 Basic Thermodynamics of Thermoelectrical Processes -- 3.5.2 Temperature Dependence -- 3.5.3 Secondary Doping -- 3.5.4 Acid-Base Effect -- 3.6 Optical Conductivity -- 3.6.1 Basic Definitions and Relations -- 3.6.2 Methodologies for Measuring the Dielectric Function -- 3.6.2.1 Optical Parameters from Transmittance and Reflectance Measurements -- 3.6.2.2 Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) -- 3.6.2.3 Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE) -- 3.6.3 Optical Conductivity and Permittivity of PEDOT -- 3.6.3.1 Anisotropy, Interfacial Layers, and Substrate Effects -- 3.6.3.2 Basic Permittivity Models for PEDOT: The Drude Model and Lorentzian-Broadened Harmonic Oscillators -- 3.6.3.3 The Drude-Smith Model -- 3.6.3.4 The Localization-Modified Drude Model -- 3.6.3.5 Effective Medium Approximation (EMA) and Its Applications -- 3.6.4 Concluding Remarks on PEDOT Optical Conductivity -- 3.7 Transport Properties of PEDOT: A Theoretical Perspective -- 3.7.1 Basics of the Hopping Transport: Semi-Analytical Approach and Kinetic Monte Carlo -- 3.7.2 Boltzmann Approach to Conductivity Based on the Model of an Ideal Crystal -- 3.7.3 Multi-Scale Modelling Based on the Realistic Morphology -- 3.8 Mixed Electron-Ion Transport in PEDOT. , 3.8.1 Devices Utilizing Mixed Electron and Ion Conductivity -- 3.8.2 Experimental Results -- 3.8.3 Modelling of Mixed Electron-Ion transport in PEDOT -- 3.8.4 Calculation of Ion Diffusion in PEDOT -- 3.9 Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4: Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymers -- Kelly A. Peterson, Eunhee Lim, and Michael L. Chabinyc -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Models of Thermoelectric Properties -- 4.3 Microstructure of Semiconducting Polymers -- 4.4 Thermoelectric Power Factor of Semiconducting Polymers -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 Polyacetylene -- 4.4.3 Polyaniline -- 4.4.4 Poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) -- 4.4.5 Poly(3-hexylthiophene) -- 4.4.6 Poly(​2,5-b​is(3-​alkyl​thiop​hen-2​-yl)t​hieno​[3,2-​b]thiophene) -- 4.4.7 Co-Polymers -- 4.4.8 n-Type Polymers -- 4.5 Thermal Conductivity of Polymers -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Thermal Conductivity of Undoped Semiconducting Polymers -- 4.5.3 Electronic Contribution to Thermal Conductivity -- 4.6 ZT for Polymers -- 4.7 Outlook -- References -- 5: Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers -- P. Audebert and F. Miomandre -- Introduction -- 5.1 Fundamentals -- 5.1.1 Electropolymerization: Mechanism, Techniques, Synthesis Control -- 5.1.2 Electrochemical Doping: Charge Carriers, Redox vs. Capacitive Behavior and Related Properties -- 5.1.3 Relaxation Effects -- 5.1.4 Electrochemical Characterization of an ECP in a Given Electrolytic Medium -- 5.1.5 Determination of HOMO-LUMO Levels by Cyclic Voltammetry -- 5.2 New Trends in Electrosynthesis of Conducting Polymers -- 5.2.1 New Monomers -- 5.2.2 New Electrolytic Media -- 5.3 Nano-Objects and Nanocomposites -- 5.3.1 Nano-Objects -- 5.3.2 Nanocomposites -- a. Metallic Nanoparticles -- b. Carbonaceous Materials -- 5.4 Applications -- 5.4.1 Energy Storage -- 5.4.2 Actuators and Drug Delivery -- 5.4.3 Molecular Imprinting ECP. , 5.4.4 Biosensors and Related Materials -- 5.4.5 Anticorrosion -- 5.4.6 Electrochromism and Electrofluorochromism -- Conclusion and Future -- References -- 6: Electrochromism in Conjugated Polymers -  Strategies for Complete and Straightforward Color Control -- Anna M. Ö sterholm, D. Eric Shen, and John R. Reynolds -- 6.1 Introduction to Electrochromic Polymers -- 6.2 Electrochromism in Conjugated Polymers -- 6.3 The Electrochromic Toolbox -- 6.3.1 Electrochromic/Optical Contrast -- 6.3.2 Colorimetric Analysis -- 6.3.3 Switching Speed/Response Time -- 6.3.4 Coloration Efficiency/Charge-to-Switch -- 6.3.5 Optical Memory/Bistability -- 6.3.6 Switching Stability -- 6.4 Synthesis of Soluble Electrochromic Polymers -- 6.5 Developing Structure- Property Relationships for Color Control in Cathodically Coloring ECPs -- 6.5.1 Effect of the Choice of Heterocycle, the Building Block of ECPs -- 6.5.2 Steric Effects of Introducing Functional Groups -- 6.5.2.1 Fine-Tuning Coloration Through 3,4-Alkyl Substitutions of Five-Membered Heterocycles -- 6.5.2.2 Alkylenedioxy-Substitution -  a Route to Colored-to-Clear Electrochromic Polymers -- 6.5.2.3 Effect of Using Fused Systems -- 6.5.3 Expanding the Color Palette through Copolymerization -- 6.5.3.1 Modulating Torsional Strain and Tuning Absorption Throughout the Visible Using All-Donor Copolymers -- 6.5.3.2 Donor- Acceptor Polymers and Routes for Achieving Green and Cyan ECPs -- 6.5.4 Developing Broadly Absorbing Systems for Black and Brown Hues -- 6.6 Anodically Coloring Systems -- 6.7 Controlling Solubility, Contrast, and Redox Properties -- 6.7.1 Tuning Solubility -- 6.7.2 Tuning Contrast -- 6.7.3 Tuning Redox and Switching Properties -- 6.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments and Notes -- References -- 7: Mechanical Properties of Semiconducting Polymers. , Mohammad A. Alkhadra, Andrew T. Kleinschmidt, Samuel E. Root, Daniel Rodriquez, Adam D. Printz, Suchol Savagatrup, and Darren J. Lipomi -- 7.1 Introduction and Background -- 7.1.1 Semiconducting Polymers as a Subset of All Solid Polymers -- 7.2 Deformation in Solid Polymers -- 7.2.1 Mediation of Mechanical Energy -- 7.2.2 Elasticity and Plasticity -- 7.2.3 Fracture -- 7.3 Mechanical Properties and Measurement Techniques -- 7.3.1 Overview of Mechanical Properties -- 7.3.2 Common Measurement Techniques -- 7.4 Effects of Physical Parameters -- 7.4.1 Effects of Elastic Mismatch and Adhesion -- 7.4.2 Effects of Film Thickness -- 7.4.3 Effects of Strain Rate -- 7.5 Effects of Molecular Structure and Microstructure -- 7.5.1 Role of Molecular Weight -- 7.5.2 Role of Alkyl Side Chains -- 7.5.3 Role of Molecular Structure and Backbone Rigidity -- 7.5.4 Role of Intermolecular Packing -- 7.6 Glass Transition Temperature and Measurement Techniques -- 7.6.1 The Glass Transition in Semiconducting Polymers -- 7.6.2 Techniques to Measure the Tg of Semiconducting Polymers -- 7.7 Theoretical Modeling -- 7.7.1 Molecular Structure and Atomistic Simulations -- 7.7.2 Polymer-Chain Size and Phase Behavior -- 7.7.3 Coarse-Grained Simulations and Continuum-Based Methods -- 7.8 Composite Systems -- 7.8.1 Effects of Molecular Mixing -- 7.8.2 Polymer-Fullerene Composites -- 7.9 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- 8: Magnetic Field Effects in Organic Semiconductors -- Low and High Fields, Steady State and Time Resolved -- Eitan Ehrenfreund and Z. Valy Vardeny -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Review of Various Mechanisms -- 8.2.1 The Hyperfine Mechanism -- 8.2.2 Mechanisms Related to Triplet Excitons -- 8.2.3 The ∆g Mechanism -- 8.2.4 Thermal Spin Polarization -- 8.2.5 Magnetic Field Effect in Excited-State Spectroscopies of Films -- Steady State. , 8.2.6 Time Resolved Magnetic Field Effects.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Additional Workshop Editors -- Preface -- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis (MBIA) -- Organization -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- MBIA -- Non-rigid Registration of White Matter Tractography Using Coherent Point Drift Algorithm -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Overview and Preprocessing -- 2.2 Clustering and Central Fiber Extracting -- 2.3 Non-rigid Registration -- 3 Experiment and Results -- 3.1 Registration Based on CPD -- 3.2 Evaluation Based on Distance Between Fiber Tracts -- 3.3 Evaluation Based on FA Profile Along the Fiber Tracts -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- An Edge Enhanced SRGAN for MRI Super Resolution in Slice-Selection Direction -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Two-Stage Super-Resolution Generator Network -- 2.2 Discriminator Network -- 2.3 Edge Enhanced Hybrid Loss Function -- 3 Experiment and Result -- 3.1 Dataset and Training Detail -- 3.2 Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Exploring Functional Connectivity Biomarker in Autism Using Group-Wise Sparse Representation -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Data Acquisition and Pre-Processing -- 2.3 Sparse Representation Theory -- 2.4 Sparse Representation of Whole-Brain FMRI Data -- 2.5 Functional Connectivity Analysis -- 3 Result -- 3.1 Node Identification on Simulated Data -- 3.2 Node Identification on ASD Data -- 3.3 Functional Connectivity Biomarkers -- 3.4 Classification Performance -- 3.5 Anatomical Locations of Network Nodes -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Classifying Stages of Mild Cognitive Impairment via Augmented Graph Embedding -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Feature Preparation -- 2.2 Feature Embedding -- 2.3 Feature Augmentation -- 3 Experiment -- 3.1 Data Description, Preprocessing and Network Reconstruction. , 3.2 Experimental Settings -- 3.3 Comparison to Other Baseline Methods -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Mapping the Spatio-Temporal Functional Coherence in the Resting Brain -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 A New Multivariate SampEn and Spatio-Temporal Coherence Mapping (STCM) -- 2.2 Evaluations with Numerical Simulations -- 2.3 Evaluations with rsfMRI Data from Human Connectome Project (HCP) -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Numerical Simulation Results -- 3.2 Mean STIC Map and Test-Retest Stability of STIC -- 3.3 Sex Effects on STIC -- 3.4 Age Effects on STIC -- 4 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Species-Preserved Structural Connections Revealed by Sparse Tensor CCA -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Datasets -- 2.2 Data Preprocessing -- 2.3 Structural Connective Connectome Construction -- 2.4 Sparse Tensor Canonical Correlation Analysis (STCCA) -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Cross-Validation -- 3.2 DTI Tracts Comparison Between Human and Macaque -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Identification of Abnormal Cortical 3-Hinge Folding Patterns on Autism Spectral Brains -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Datasets and Preprocessing -- 2.2 3-Hinges Detection -- 2.3 3-Hinges Morphological Feature -- 2.4 Large-Scale Spectral Clustering on Morphological Similarity Matrix -- 2.5 Data Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 3-Hinge Shape Clustering Results -- 3.2 Distinctive Shape Patterns -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Exploring Brain Hemodynamic Response Patterns via Deep Recurrent Autoencoder -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Data Acquisition and Pre-processing -- 2.2 Deep Recurrent Autoencoder -- 2.3 Estimation of Hemodynamic Responses -- 3 Experimental Results -- 3.1 Interpretation of Feature Maps and Spatial Patterns. , 3.2 Hemodynamic Response Patterns -- 4 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3D Convolutional Long-Short Term Memory Network for Spatiotemporal Modeling of fMRI Data -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 Data Acquisition and Pre-processing -- 2.3 3D-Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Network (3DCLN) -- 2.4 Training Sample Organization and Parameter Settings -- 3 Result -- 3.1 Accuracy of fMRI Volume Classification -- 3.2 Spatial and Temporal Validation -- 3.2.1 Spatial Validation -- 3.2.2 Temporal Validation -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Biological Knowledge Guided Deep Neural Network for Brain Genotype-Phenotype Association Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Problem Definition and Methodology Overview -- 2.2 Biological Knowledge Guided CNN for Genotype-Phenotype Prediction -- 3 Experiments -- 3.1 Data Description -- 3.2 Experiment Settings -- 3.3 Results and Discussions -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Learning Human Cognition via fMRI Analysis Using 3D CNN and Graph Neural Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Network Architecture -- 2.2 Graph Neural Network Layer for Brain Network Learning -- 3 Experiments and Discussions -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- CU-Net: Cascaded U-Net with Loss Weighted Sampling for Brain Tumor Segmentation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed Cascaded U-Net Method -- 2.1 Our Cascaded U-Net Architecture -- 2.2 Training with Loss Weighted Sampling -- 3 Experimental Results -- 3.1 Datasets and Pre-processing -- 3.2 Implementation Details -- 3.3 Results and Analysis -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- BrainPainter: A Software for the Visualisation of Brain Structures, Biomarkers and Associated Pathological Processes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Design -- 3 Customisation -- 4 First Use Case: Visualising the Degree of Pathology. , 5 Second Use Case: Visualising the Temporal Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 6 Third Use Case: Visualising Pathology in Subcortical Structures -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Structural Similarity Based Anatomical and Functional Brain Imaging Fusion -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Fusion Framework -- 2.2 Visualization Framework -- 3 Experiments and Results -- 3.1 Training -- 3.2 Testing -- 3.3 Evaluation Settings -- 3.4 Comparison to the State of the Art -- 4 Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Encoder-Decoder with Hierarchical Separable Convolution -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Hierarchical Separable Convolution (HSC) Block -- 2.2 Ensemble of 3D Segmentations with Focal Views -- 3 Experiments and Results -- 3.1 Dataset and Implementation Details -- 3.2 Results and Ablation Study -- 3.3 Comparison with Other Methods -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Prioritizing Amyloid Imaging Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease via Learning to Rank -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Data Processing -- 3 Methods -- 3.1 Overview of PLTR -- 3.2 Patient Similarities from FreeSurfer Features -- 3.3 Patient Amyloid Features in Ground Truth -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Experimental Protocol -- 4.2 Baseline Methods -- 5 Experimental Results -- 5.1 Overall Performance -- 5.2 Study on Patient-Patient Similarities -- 6 Conclusions and Discussions -- References -- MFCA -- Diffeomorphic Metric Learning and Template Optimization for Registration-Based Predictive Models -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Image Registration in the LDDMM Framework -- 2.1 Kernel Construction -- 3 Metric Learning -- 3.1 Optimization Strategy -- 3.2 Optimization Algorithm -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Synthetic Data -- 4.2 Subcortical Shapes -- 5 Conclusion -- References. , 3D Mapping of Serial Histology Sections with Anomalies Using a Novel Robust Deformable Registration Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Algorithm -- 2.1 Generative Model -- 2.2 Optimization via Expectation Maximization -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Spatiotemporal Modeling for Image Time Series with Appearance Change: Application to Early Brain Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Structural Deformation Model -- 2.2 Gompertz Intensity Change Model -- 2.3 Spatiotemporal Model with Appearance Change -- 3 Experimental Validation -- 3.1 Synthetic Bull's-Eye -- 3.2 Early Brain Development from Birth -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Surface Foliation Based Brain Morphometry Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Previous Works -- 3 Theoretic Foundation -- 4 Algorithm -- 5 Experiment -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Mixture Probabilistic Principal Geodesic Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background: Riemannian Geometry and PPGA -- 2.1 PPGA -- 3 Our Model: Mixture Probability Principal Geodesic Analysis (MPPGA) -- 3.1 Inference -- 4 Evaluation -- 4.1 Data -- 4.2 Experiments -- 4.3 Results -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- A Geodesic Mixed Effects Model in Kendall's Shape Space -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Kendall's Shape Space -- 2.1 Preliminaries -- 2.2 Geodesic Regression -- 2.3 Tangent Bundle and Mean Geodesic -- 3 Application -- 3.1 Data Description -- 3.2 Numerical Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- An As-Invariant-As-Possible -Based Statistical Shape Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Differential Coordinates -- 3 Geometric Statistics in -- 3.1 Bi-Invariant Mean -- 3.2 Tangent Principal Component Analysis -- 4 Experiments and Results -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Author Index.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Foreword -- Reference -- Preface -- What Follows -- References -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 The Context of Community Pest Management in Australia: Myths, Stories and Narrative Enquiry -- 1.1 The Current Context of Pest Species Management -- 1.2 Myths and Stories: The Foundation of Pest Management in Australia -- 1.2.1 Terra Nullius: Nobody's Land -- 1.2.2 No Place like Home: Acclimatisation -- 1.2.3 Building a Nation: Nationalism -- 1.2.4 Patriotism: A New Narrative -- 1.3 The Link Between Culture and Community Pest Management -- 1.4 Community Pest Management: Breaking It Down -- 1.5 Concluding Comments -- References -- 2 Developing and Using Narratives in Community-Based Research -- 2.1 What Is Narrative and What Role Does It Play in Our Lives? -- 2.1.1 Narrative Across Disciplines -- 2.2 Why Is Narrative Important in Addressing Community Issues? -- 2.2.1 Framing the Issue Through Narrative -- 2.2.2 Community Narratives -- 2.3 Why Use Narrative for Community Engagement in Pest Management? -- 2.3.1 Narrative Enquiry as a Research Methodology -- 2.3.2 Narrative and This Study -- 2.3.3 Approaching the Practice Profiles and Case Studies -- References -- Practitioner Profiles: First-Person Practice Stories -- 3 Profile Introduction and Analysis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Interpretation and Analysis -- Reference -- 4 Practitioner Profile (Lisa Adams): "We Cannot Carry the Whole on Our Own-We Have to Work Together" -- 5 Practitioner Profile (Ben Allen): "If People Don't Want to Do It, It's Not Going to Change Anything, so I Work with People" -- 6 Practitioner Profile (Dave Berman): "Building Trust with Community Members" -- References -- 7 Practitioner Profile (Brett Carlsson): "The Dogs Are There and the Tools Are There-We Just Need to Work Out the People." -- 8 Practitioner Profile (Barry Davies): "You've Got to Personalise It". , 9 Practitioner Profile (Peter Fleming): "What's in It for the Stakeholder?" -- 10 Practitioner Profile (Matt Gentle): "People Are Key to the Solution." -- 11 Practitioner Profile (Jess Marsh): "It Takes Years to Build Trust and a Day for It to Go" -- 12 Practitioner Profile (Darren Marshall): "A Learning Journey for Me and the Community" -- 13 Practitioner Profile (Greg Mifsud): "Pest Management Is All About People" -- 14 Practitioner Profile (Mike Reid): "It's not Perfect, It's Complex-And That's Ok" -- References -- 15 Practitioner Profile (Harley West): "Whatever They Say, I Treat It as a Serious Question" -- 16 What Can We Learn from the Practitioner Profiles? -- 16.1 The Meta-Lesson: The Struggle for Change -- 16.2 Practice Lessons -- 16.2.1 Developing an Engagement Practice-Reframing "Community" -- 16.2.2 Developing an Engagement Practice-Look for Opportunities to Learn -- 16.2.3 Developing an Engagement Practice-Learning to Listen -- 16.2.4 Developing an Engagement Practice-The Drive to Make a Difference -- 16.2.5 Developing an Engagement Practice-The Practical Side of the Business -- 16.2.6 Developing an Engagement Practice-There's Only so Much You Can Do -- 16.2.7 Developing an Engagement Practice-Combining Theory and Practice -- 16.3 Learning from Practice Stories -- Reference -- Wild Dog Groups-Three Case Studies -- 17 Introduction: Wild Dog Management Groups -- References -- 18 Case Study: Mount Mee Wild Dog Program-Moreton Bay Shire, Queensland -- 18.1 Case Study Context -- 18.1.1 Geographic and Physical Context -- 18.1.2 Wild Dog Management Context -- 18.2 "The Community Won't Be Ignored": A Narrative of Local Government and Community Action Compiled from 12 In-Depth Interviews -- 18.3 Narrative Analysis-Mount Mee -- References -- 19 Case Study: Ensay and Swifts Creek Wild Dog Groups-East Gippsland, Victoria -- 19.1 Case Study Context. , 19.1.1 Geographic and Physical Context -- 19.1.2 Wild Dog Management Context -- 19.2 "It's Easy to Feed a Farmer's Frustration": A Narrative of Two Community Responses Compiled from 17 In-Depth Interviews -- 19.2.1 Ensay -- 19.2.2 Swifts Creek -- 19.2.3 Policy Action -- 19.3 Narrative Analysis-Ensay and Swifts Creek -- 19.3.1 Ensay -- 19.3.2 Swifts Creek -- References -- 20 Northern Mallee Declared Species Group-Esperance, Western Australia -- 20.1 Case Study Context -- 20.1.1 Geographic and Physical Context -- 20.1.2 Wild Dog Management Context -- 20.2 "Singing from the Same Hymn Sheet": A Narrative of Wild Dog Group Action Compiled from 13 In-depth Interviews -- 20.3 Narrative Analysis-Northern Mallee Declared Species Group (NMDSG) -- References -- 21 Three Wild Dog Group Case Studies: A Meta-analysis -- 21.1 Emotional Dimensions -- 21.2 Capacity to Act -- 21.3 Leadership and Community Structure -- 21.4 Power and Influence -- 21.5 "Naming and Framing" Issues in Wild Dog Management -- 21.6 Conclusion -- References -- Learning from Stories of Practice -- 22 Conclusions -- References -- Glossary.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Musa Taxonomy -- Musa Breeding Programmes -- Genotypes in International Trade -- Some Common Genotypes -- Chapter 2: Preharvest Effects -- Fertilizers -- Organic Production -- Light and Day Length -- Disease -- Water Stress -- Damage -- Bunch Covers -- Harvest Maturity -- Chapter 3: Fruit Ripening -- Pre-Climacteric Phase -- Ripening Phase -- Internal Ethylene -- Effects of Ethylene Post Ripening Initiation -- Genetic Effects on Ripening -- Maturity of Fruit and Response to Ethylene -- Factors Affecting Fruit and Response to Ethylene -- Changes that Occur During Ripening -- Peel Colour -- Peel Spotting -- Peel Chemicals -- Finger Drop -- Weight Loss -- Moisture -- Texture -- Flavour and Aroma -- Minerals -- Carbohydrates -- Protein -- Phenolics -- Acidity -- Ascorbic Acid -- Carotenoids and Vitamin A -- Folates -- Other Phytochemicals -- Chapter 4: Postharvest Treatments to Control Ripening -- Controlled Atmosphere Storage -- CA on Pre-Climacteric Bananas -- CA Effects After Ripening Initiation -- Hypobaric Storage -- Modified Atmosphere Packing -- Ethylene Absorbents -- Chemicals -- Metal Ions -- 1-Methylcyclopropene -- Salicylic Acid -- Gibberellic Acid -- Diazocyciopentadiene -- Indole-3-Acetic Acid -- Abscisic Acid -- Lysophosphatidylethanolamine -- Aminoethoxy-Vinylglycine -- Nitrous Oxide -- Maleic Acid -- Coatings -- Irradiation -- Temperature -- Humidity -- Chapter 5: Initiation of Ripening -- Ethylene -- Cylinders -- Catalytic Generators -- Ethrel -- Encapsulation -- Acetylene -- Calcium Carbide -- Sensory Analysis -- Toxicity of Calcium Carbide -- Propylene -- Esters -- Alcohol -- Carbon Monoxide -- Smoking -- Kerosene -- Incense -- Heat -- Damage and Stress -- Fruit Generation -- Leaves -- Chapter 6: Ripening Technology -- Ripening Rooms. , Modelling -- Transport -- Reducing Ripening Initiation in Transit -- Ripening in Transit -- Chapter 7: Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface to Fourth Edition -- Acknowledgment -- Editors -- Contributors -- 1: Early History of Conjugated Polymers: From Their Origins to the Handbook of Conducting Polymers -- Seth C. Rasmussen -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Basic Synthesis and Doping Processes of Conjugated Polymers -- 1.3 Polyaniline -- 1.3.1 Early Reports of the Oxidation of Aniline -- 1.3.2 Determination of the Structure of Aniline Oxidation Products -- 1.3.3 Buvet, Jozefowicz, and Conducting Polyaniline -- 1.4 Polypyrrole -- 1.4.1 Angeli and Pyrrole Black -- 1.4.2 Ciusa and 'Graphite' from Pyrrole -- 1.4.3 Weiss and Conducting Polypyrrole -- 1.4.4 Pyrrole Black at the University of Parma -- 1.4.5 Diaz and Electropolymerized Polypyrrole Films -- 1.5 Polyacetylene -- 1.5.1 Natta and the Polymerization of Acetylene -- 1.5.2 Tokyo Institute of Technology and Continued Studies of Polyacetylene -- 1.5.3 Shirakawa and Polyacetylene Films -- 1.5.4 Smith, Berets, and Doped Polyacetylene -- 1.5.5 MacDiarmid, Heeger, and Poly(sulfur nitride) -- 1.5.6 Doped Polyacetylene Films -- 1.6 Polythiophene -- 1.6.1 Yamamoto and Polythiophene via Catalytic Cross-Coupling -- 1.6.2 Lin and Related Catalytic Cross-Coupling Methods -- 1.6.3 Polythiophene via Electropolymerization -- 1.6.4 Polythiophenes via Chemical Oxidation -- 1.7 The Rise of Synthetic Metals and a Developing Field of Conductive Polymers -- 1.7.1 Synthetic Metals -- 1.7.2 Dedicated Literature -- References -- 2: Recent Advances in the Computational Characterization of π-Conjugated Organic Semiconductors -- Jean-Luc Brédas, Xiankai Chen, Thomas Körzdörfer, Hong Li, Chad Risko, Sean M. Ryno, and Tonghui Wang -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Density Functional Theory for Organic Electronics. , 2.2.1 The Electronic-Structure Method of Choice for Organic Electronic Materials -- 2.2.2 A Brief Introduction to DFT and TD-DFT -- 2.2.3 Challenges in DFT Applications and Recent Advances in Functional Development -- 2.2.3.1 Condensed Phases and the Problem of Dispersion Corrections in DFT -- 2.2.3.2 Self-Interaction Errors and Tuned Long-Range Corrected Hybrid Functionals -- 2.2.3.3 Charged Excitation Energies and the Physical Interpretation of Gaps in DFT -- 2.2.3.4 Optical Excitation Energies, Charge-Transfer Excitations, and Triplet States -- 2.3 Noncovalent Interactions and Polarization in the Condensed Phase -- 2.3.1 Noncovalent Interactions: Solid-State Packing, Miscibility, and Processing -- 2.3.2 Polarization and Site Energies in the Bulk and at Interfaces: Impact on Charged-State Characteristics -- 2.4 A Theoretical Description of Organic Emitters for Light-Emitting Diodes Exploiting Thermally Assisted Delayed Fluorescence -- 2.4.1 Theoretical Description of Reverse Intersystem Crossing -- 2.4.2 Relationships of the Spin-Orbit Couplings with the Excitation Characteristics -- 2.4.3 Role of Non-Adiabatic Coupling in the Reverse Intersystem Crossing Process -- 2.4.4 Novel Molecular-Design Strategies for TADF Emitters -- 2.5 Molecular Dynamics Description of Organic-Organic Interfaces and Polymer Pure Phases -- 2.5.1 Interfaces Between Layers of Small Molecules: Interfacial Mixing -- 2.5.2 π-Conjugated Polymer Pure Phases: Main-Chain Conformation and Inter-Chain Packing -- 2.5.3 Polymer-Fullerene Packing and Interfaces in the Mixed Regions -- 2.6 Characterization of the Interfaces between an Organic Layer and a Metal or Conducting Oxide Surface -- 2.6.1 Description of the Change in Surface Workfunction upon Deposition of an Organic Layer -- 2.6.2 Brief Description of the Computational Methodology -- 2.6.3 Surface Defects. , 2.6.4 Charge-Transfer Characteristics for Donor/Acceptor Molecules Physisorbed on Metal-Oxide Surfaces -- 2.6.5 Characterization of the Binding Modes of the Surface Modifiers -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3: Perspective on the Advancements in Conjugated Polymer Synthesis, Design, and Functionality over the Past Ten Years -- 3.1 Introduction to this Perspective -- 3.1.1 Polymer Structures -- 3.1.1.1 Polythiophene and Derivatives -- 3.1.1.2 Poly(arylene vinylenes) -- 3.1.1.3 Poly(arylene ethynylenes) -- 3.1.1.4 Narrow Bandgap Polymers -- 3.1.2 Polymer Synthesis -- 3.1.2.1 Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerizations -- 3.1.2.2 Electrochemical Oxidative Polymerization -- 3.1.2.3 McMurry Polymerization -- 3.1.2.4 Knoevenagel Polycondensation -- 3.1.2.5 Gilch Polymerization -- 3.1.2.6 Wittig Type Polycondensations -- 3.2 Advancements in Conjugated Polymer Syntheses -- 3.2.1 Emerging Repeat Units -- 3.2.1.1 Amide and Imide Functionalized Repeat Units -- 3.2.1.2 Benzothiadiazole, Quinoxaline, and Analogs -- 3.2.1.3 Fused Donors -- 3.2.1.4 Heteroatom Modification -- 3.2.2 New Synthetic Strategies in Conjugated Polymer Chemistry -- 3.2.2.1 Polymerizations via C-H Activation -- 3.2.2.2 GRIM/Chain Transfer Polymerization (CTP) Synthetic Strategies -- 3.2.2.3 Continuous Flow Synthesis -- 3.2.2.4 Click-Chemistry and Multi-Component Reactions -- 3.2.2.5 Molecular Weight and Dispersity Effects -- 3.2.3 Structure Property Modification of Conjugated Polymers -- 3.2.3.1 Random and Block Copolymers -- 3.2.3.2 Side Chain Engineering -- 3.2.3.3 n-Type Conjugated Polymers -- 3.2.3.4 Metallopolymers -- 3.2.3.5 Conjugated Porous Polymers -- 3.3 Future Direction and Outlook -- 3.3.1 Efficient Monomer and Polymer Synthesis -- 3.3.2 Polymer Properties and Applications -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4: Advances in Discrete Length and Fused Conjugated Oligomers. , Shanshan Chen, So-Huei Kang, Sang Myeon Lee, Tanya Kumari, and Changduk Yang -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Oligothiophenes -- 4.2.1 End-group Modification -- 4.2.2 Conjugation Length Extension -- 4.3 Cyclopentadithiophene Derivatives -- 4.3.1 Heteroatom Modification -- 4.3.2 Regiochemistry Studies -- 4.3.3 Conjugation Length Extension -- 4.3.4 End-group Modification -- 4.4 Benzodithiophene Derivatives -- 4.4.1 Conjugated Length Extension -- 4.4.2 Core Unit Modification -- 4.4.3 End-Group Modification -- 4.5 Indacenodithiophene Derivatives -- 4.5.1 Core Unit or π-Bridge Modification -- 4.5.2 Conjugation Length Extension -- 4.5.3 End-Group Modification -- 4.6 Rylene Diimide Derivatives -- 4.6.1 Conjugation Length Extension -- 4.7 Others -- 4.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5: Direct (Hetero)Arylation Polymerization for the Preparation of Conjugated Polymers -- J. Terence Blaskovits and Mario Leclerc -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Direct C-H Activation and Arylation of Small Molecules -- 5.2.1 History and Development -- 5.2.2 Proposed Mechanisms and Implications -- 5.3 Direct Arylation Applied to Polymers -- 5.3.1 Early Examples -- 5.3.2 Synthetic Considerations of DHAP -- 5.4 Defects in DHAP-Prepared Polymers -- 5.4.1 Regioregularity -- 5.4.2 Homocoupling -- 5.4.3 β-Defects -- 5.5 Considerations for a Successful Polymerization -- 5.5.1 Optimizing Reaction Conditions -- 5.5.2 Solvent -- 5.5.3 Ligand -- 5.5.4 Catalyst -- 5.5.5 Base, Acid, and Other Additives -- 5.5.6 Heating Source -- 5.6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 6: Living Polymerizations of π-Conjugated Semiconductors -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Poly(3-hexylthiophene) -- 6.3 Kumada Catalyst-Transfer Polymerization (KCTP) -- 6.3.1 Mechanistic Details of KCTP -- 6.3.2 External Initiation of KCTP -- 6.3.3 Termination and Endcapping in KCTP. , 6.3.4 Modulation of Electronic and Steric Effects in KCTP -- 6.4 Synthesis of Semiconducting π-Conjugated Polymers -- 6.4.1 Other Semiconducting Scaffolds -- 6.4.2 Block Copolymers -- 6.4.3 Alternating Copolymers -- 6.4.4 Synthesis of Advanced Topologies -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- 7: Controlled Synthesis of Polyfurans, Polyselenophenes, and Polytellurophenes -- Shuyang Ye, Emily L. Kynaston, and Dwight S. Seferos -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Synthesis of Furan, Selenophene, and Tellurophene Monomers -- 7.3 Furan, Selenophene, and Tellurophene Homopolymers -- 7.3.1 Preparation of Polyfurans -- 7.3.2 Preparation of Polyselenophenes -- 7.3.3 Preparation of Polytellurophenes -- 7.4 Properties and Applications of O, Se-, and Te- Polymers -- 7.4.1 Structure and Rigidity -- 7.4.2 Optoelectronic Properties -- 7.5 Furan, Selenophene, and Tellurophene Copolymers and Self-Assembly Behavior -- 7.6 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 8: Donor-Acceptor Polymers for Organic Photovoltaics -- Desta Gedefaw and Mats R. Andersson -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers -- 8.2.1 Fluorene, Silafluorene, Carbazole, and Cyclopentadithiophene-Containing Donor-Acceptor Polymers -- 8.2.2 Thiophene and Derivatives as a Donor Unit in Donor-Acceptor Polymers -- 8.2.2.1 Thiophene​/Thie​nothi​ophen​e/Sel​enoph​ene-Q​uinox​aline​ -- 8.2.2.2 Thiophene-Isoindigo Donor-Acceptor Polymers -- 8.2.3 Benzodithiophene as a Donor Unit for the Synthesis of Donor-Acceptor Polymers -- 8.2.3.1 Benzodithiophene-Thienothiophene-Based Donor-Acceptor Polymers -- 8.2.3.2 Benzodithiophene-TPD-Based Donor-Acceptor Polymers -- 8.2.3.3 BDT-Quinoxaline-Based Donor-Acceptor Polymers -- 8.2.3.4 BDT with Benzodithiophene-dione -- 8.2.3.6 BDT-triazole Polymers -- 8.2.4 Indacenodithiophene and its Derivatives as a Donor Unit in the Construction of Donor-Acceptor Polymers. , 8.2.4.1 Functionalization of the Bridging Atom.

Anmerkung: Inside Front Cover -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Consultants -- Reviewers -- Contents -- PART I Foundation of the Body -- Chapter 1 Orientation to theHuman Body -- Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life -- Chapter 3 Cells -- Chapter 4 Human Microbiome -- PART II Covering, Support, and Movement of the Body -- Chapte 5 Tissues -- Chapter 6 Integumentary System -- Chapter 7 Bones & -- Bones Tissue -- Chapter 8 Skeletal System -- Chapter 9 Joints -- Chapter 10 Muscular System -- PART III Regulation and Integration of the Body -- Chapter 11 Nervous System -- Chapter 12 Sense Organs -- Chapter 13 Endocrine System -- PART IV Maintenance of the Body -- Chapter 14 Blood -- Chapter 15 Heart -- Chapter 16 Vascular System -- Chapter 17 Lymphatic & -- Immune Systems -- Chapter 18 Respiratory System -- Chapter 19 Urinary System -- Chapter 20 Fluid, Electrolyte, & -- Acid-Base Balance -- Chapter 21 Digestive System -- Chapter 22 Nutrition and Metabolism -- PART V Continuity -- Chapter 23 Reproductive Systems -- Chapter 24 Pegnancy & -- Human Development -- Chapter 25 Heredity -- Appendix: Answers to Test Your Knowledge -- Index.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of boxes -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What this book is about -- 1.2 Interdisciplinary discourse as a topic for research -- 1.3 Our approach to interdisciplinary research discourse -- 1.4 Our approach to Corpus Linguistics -- 1.5 The organisation of this book and terminology -- 2 Disciplines and interdisciplinarity -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 A corpus study of discipline, disciplines and disciplinary -- 2.3 Mapping the disciplines -- 2.4 Interdisciplinarity -- 2.5 Corpus studies of disciplinary variation -- 2.6 Studies of interdisciplinary research discourse -- 2.7 What 'interdisciplinarity' means in this book -- 3 The BEE4 corpus -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Selection of the journals: bibliometric data -- 3.3 Corpus details -- 3.4 Aims and scope statements -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 4 Headings in the four journals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Organisation of research articles -- 4.3 Case study: headings in the four journals -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5 Introductions (and beyond) in four journals -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Introduction structures -- 5.3 Constructing difference: cases from a special issue -- 5.4 Strategies in the introductions of AEE -- 5.5 Strategies in the introductions of GEC -- 5.6 Summary: studies of introductions -- 5.7 Beyond the introduction: construing community through pronouns -- 5.8 Beyond the introduction: construing conflict with inadequate -- 5.9 Conclusion -- 6 Words in context: environment, science, important -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 One word, several meanings: the case of environment -- 6.3 The notion of science -- 6.4 What counts as important -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 7 Status and disciplinarity -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The concept of status -- 7.3 Why status matters. , 7.4 Identifying and counting status markers in the BEE4 corpus -- 7.5 Quantitative study of status marker frequency -- 7.6 Qualitative studies of selected status markers -- 7.7 Conclusion -- 8 An explanatory code gloss: in other words -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 A quantitative study of in other words -- 8.3 A qualitative study of in other words -- 8.4 In other words: case studies -- 8.5 Conclusion -- 9 Multidimensional Analysis: variation between and within journals -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Dimensions in the BEE11 corpus -- 9.3 Inter-journal variation in BEE4 -- 9.4 Constellations -- 9.5 Conclusion -- 10 Topic Modelling: what a journal is about -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Topic Modelling: the method -- 10.3 Studying the broad-range words -- 10.4 BEE4 key articles -- 10.5 Comparing AEE and PS -- 10.6 Comparing GEC and REE -- 10.7 Diachronic study -- 10.8 Conclusion -- 11 Conclusion -- 11.1 The research in this book -- 11.2 Conclusions about interdisciplinary research discourse -- 11.3 Teaching writing for an interdisciplinary readership -- 11.4 Conclusions about Corpus Linguistics -- 11.5 Towards the future -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Index.