Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Neural Mechanisms of Goal-Directed Behavior and Learning -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- PART I: Theory and Experimental Issues in the Psychobiology of Motivation and Learning -- Chapter 1. Introductory Remarks to the Soviet-American Symposium On Neuropkysiological Mechanisms of Goal-Directed Behavior -- Chapter 2. Reflex Mechanisms of Motivational Behavior -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Pavlovian Mechanisms of Goal-Directed Behavior -- Introduction -- CR-Mediational Accounts of Goal-Directed Instrumental Performance -- Pavlovian Conditioning to Serial CS Compounds -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Different Ways in Which Learning Is Involved in Homeostasis -- Traditional Role of Learned Skeletal Responses in Homeostasis -- Homeostatic Function of Classically Conditioned Visceral Responses -- Classical Conditioning versus Instrumental Learning -- Evidence for Effects of Instrumental Learning on Visceral Responses -- Mediated Effect of Instrumental Learning -- Instrumentally Learned, Direct Visceral Response -- Paradoxical Conditioned Responses -- Adjusting Priorities -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Central and Peripheral Catecholamine Function in Learning and Memory Processes -- Introduction -- Brain Catecholamines and Memory -- Modulating Influences of Peripheral Catecholamines -- Amphetamine Influences on Memory Storage -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. A Neurophysiological Model of Purposive Behavior -- REFERENCES -- PART II: Motivation and Recovery of Function -- Chapter 7. A Comparison of Instinct and Motivation with Emphasis on Their Differences -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. Motor Subsystems in Motivated Behavior -- Sources of "Spontaneity" in Catalepsy/Akinesia -- Sources of Spontaneity Revealed in Aberrations in Locomotion. , Sources of Spontaneity in Obstinate Festinating Progression -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. Synaptic Growth as a Plasticity Mechanism in the Brain -- Introduction -- The Response to Denervation -- Generalizations -- Mechanisms -- Conclusion and Summary -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. The Basal Ganglia and Psychomotor Behavior -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Basal Ganglia Dopaminergic Control of Sensorimotor Functions Related to Motivated Behavior -- Brain Dopamine and Sensory Inattention -- Recovery From Inattention -- Mechanisms of Recovery From Inattention -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Hierarchical Organization of Physiological Subsystems in Elementary Food Acquisition Behavior -- Method -- Experimental Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- ACKNΟWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Independence of Behavioral and Autonomic Thermmegulatory Responses -- REFERENCES -- PART III: Neuronal Processes of Learning -- Chapter 14. Goal as a System-Forming Factor in Behavior and Learning -- Method -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. Brain Mechanisms of Learning -- Methods -- The Hippocampal System -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. Neurophysiological Studies of Learning in Association with the Pupillary Dilation Conditioned Reflex -- Introduction -- Concerning Neural Principles -- Experimental Approach -- Results -- Concluding Comments -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17. Mechanisms of Classical Conditioning of Spinal Reflexes -- Introduction -- Early Studies -- Recent Work -- An Interpretation -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Analysis of Neuron Activity in the Rabbit's Olfactory Bulb during Food-Acquisition Behavior -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19. The Functional Neuroanatomy of a Conditioned Response -- Introduction -- The Behavioral Model -- The Relevant Anatomical Pathways. , Concluding Comments -- ACKNΟWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Unit Activity in Cingulate Cortex and Anteroventral Thalamus during Acquisition and Overtraining of Discriminative Avoidan -- Method -- Results -- Discussion -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART IV: Perception and Information Processing -- Chapter 21. Image, Information, and Episodic Modes of Central Processing -- Introduction -- Image Processing and the Distributed Memory Store -- Information and Episodic Processing -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. A Study of Neuron Systems Activity in Learning -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23. The Activity of Neuronal Networks in Cognitive Function -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 24. Activity of Visual Cortex Neurons in Systems Processes of Behavioral Act Interchange -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 25. Brain Mechanisms of Attention and Perception -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 26. Behavioral Modulation of Visual Responses of Neurons in Monkey Superior Colliculus and Cerebral Cortex -- Methods -- Results -- REFERENCES -- PART V: Hormonal, Pharmacological, and Developmental Factors -- Chapter 27. Limbic System Contributions to Goal-Directed Behavior -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 28. A Psychopharmacological Approach to Memory Processing -- Modulations in Receptor Sensitivity and Alterations in Synaptic Efficacy -- The Developmental Psychobiology Approach -- Psychopharmacological Studies -- Summary -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 29. A Case Study in the Neuroendocrine Control of Goal-Directed Behavior: The Interaction between Angiotensin II and Prostaglandin E1 in the Control of Water Intake -- General Methodology -- Effect of PGE1 on A ΙΙ-Induced Water Intake -- Specificity to the E-Prostaglandins -- Effect of PGE1 on Food Intake -- Specificity of the PGE Effect to A II-Initiated Drinking. , Summary and Conclusions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 30. Goal-Directed Behavior in Ontogenesis -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 31. The Ontogenesis of Suckling, A Goal-Directed Behavior -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 32. Infantile Forgetting of Acquired Information -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 33. An Animal Model of ''Cooperation'' Learning -- Methods and Procedures -- Results and Discussion -- REFERENCES -- PART VI: Human Psychophysiology, Information Processing, and Language -- Chapter 34. The Specific Role of Heart Rate in Sensorimotor Integration -- Introduction: Heart Rate in Somatic "Arousal" Patterns -- Anticipatory Heart-Rate Changes in Preparation For Goal-Directed Behavior -- Variations in Heart Period: A Function of Event-Timing Within the Cardiac Cycle -- Why Should Significant Sensorimotor Events Slow the Heart? -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 35. Control of Reflex Blink Excitability -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 36. Modification of Goal-Directed Behavior in Discourse -- Hypothesis of Schizophrenic Information Processing in Discourse -- Two Linguistic Processes: Paradigmatics and Syntagmatics -- Paradigmatic Frames -- Breakdown of the Syntagmatic Process: Luria -- Failure of the Context-Dependent Processing Mechanism -- Paradigmatic Processing of Semantic Features -- Frame Three -- Retrieval Hypothesis and Luria's Model of Mnemonic Activity -- Content-Addressable Memory -- Variability for Matching in Paradigmatics -- Conclusion -- ACKNΟWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 37. Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Processing Speech Information in Man -- Chapter 38. Spatial Synchronization of Brain Electrical Activity Related to Cognitive Information Processing -- Spatial Synchronization -- Shared Waveforms across Remote Scalp Locations -- Differences in Waveshape during Different Cognitive Tasks -- Summary and Conclusions -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 39. A Mathematical Model for Human Visual Information, Perception, and Storage -- Computation of Perception Velocity and Volume -- Experimental Verification of the Hypothesis -- REFERENCES -- Appendix A: Individual and General Discussions -- Appendix B: General Discussion -- Index.