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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fragility of reconstructed temperature patterns over the Common Era: Implications for model evaluation
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2015
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 42, No. 17 ( 2015-09-16), p. 7162-7170
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 42, No. 17 ( 2015-09-16), p. 7162-7170
    Abstract: Reconstructed spatial patterns of temperature are highly method dependent CFRs are more consistent with GCM simulations when an updated network is used Results based on a single CFR should be treated with caution
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v42.17
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GL065265
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Technical note: The Linked Paleo Data framework – a common tongue for paleoclimatology
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Climate of the Past Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2016-04-29), p. 1093-1100
    Details
    In: Climate of the Past, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2016-04-29), p. 1093-1100
    Abstract: Abstract. Paleoclimatology is a highly collaborative scientific endeavor, increasingly reliant on online databases for data sharing. Yet there is currently no universal way to describe, store and share paleoclimate data: in other words, no standard. Data standards are often regarded by scientists as mere technicalities, though they underlie much scientific and technological innovation, as well as facilitating collaborations between research groups. In this article, we propose a preliminary data standard for paleoclimate data, general enough to accommodate all the archive and measurement types encountered in a large international collaboration (PAGES 2k). We also introduce a vehicle for such structured data (Linked Paleo Data, or LiPD), leveraging recent advances in knowledge representation (Linked Open Data).The LiPD framework enables quick querying and extraction, and we expect that it will facilitate the writing of open-source community codes to access, analyze, model and visualize paleoclimate observations. We welcome community feedback on this standard, and encourage paleoclimatologists to experiment with the format for their own purposes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1814-9332
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2217985-9
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The CoralHydro2k database: a global, actively curated compilation of coral δ 18 O and Sr ∕ Ca proxy records of tropical ocean hydrology and temperature for the Common Era
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Earth System Science Data Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-05-24), p. 2081-2116
    Details
    In: Earth System Science Data, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-05-24), p. 2081-2116
    Abstract: Abstract. The response of the hydrological cycle to anthropogenic climate change, especially across the tropical oceans, remains poorly understood due to the scarcity of long instrumental temperature and hydrological records. Massive shallow-water corals are ideally suited to reconstructing past oceanic variability as they are widely distributed across the tropics, rapidly deposit calcium carbonate skeletons that continuously record ambient environmental conditions, and can be sampled at monthly to annual resolution. Climate reconstructions based on corals primarily use the stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18O), which acts as a proxy for sea surface temperature (SST), and the oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18Osw), a measure of hydrological variability. Increasingly, coral δ18O time series are paired with time series of strontium-to-calcium ratios (Sr/Ca), a proxy for SST, from the same coral to quantify temperature and δ18Osw variability through time. To increase the utility of such reconstructions, we present the CoralHydro2k database, a compilation of published, peer-reviewed coral Sr/Ca and δ18O records from the Common Era (CE). The database contains 54 paired Sr/Ca–δ18O records and 125 unpaired Sr/Ca or δ18O records, with 88 % of these records providing data coverage from 1800 CE to the present. A quality-controlled set of metadata with standardized vocabulary and units accompanies each record, informing the use of the database. The CoralHydro2k database tracks large-scale temperature and hydrological variability. As such, it is well-suited for investigations of past climate variability, comparisons with climate model simulations including isotope-enabled models, and application in paleodata-assimilation projects. The CoralHydro2k database is available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format with serializations in MATLAB, R, and Python and can be downloaded from the NOAA National Center for Environmental Information's Paleoclimate Data Archive at https://doi.org/10.25921/yp94-v135 (Walter et al., 2022).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1866-3516
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2475469-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
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    Large-scale features and evaluation of the PMIP4-CMIP6 〈i〉midHolocene〈/i〉 simulations
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Climate of the Past Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2020-10-01), p. 1847-1872
    Details
    In: Climate of the Past, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2020-10-01), p. 1847-1872
    Abstract: Abstract. The mid-Holocene (6000 years ago) is a standard time period for the evaluation of the simulated response of global climate models using palaeoclimate reconstructions. The latest mid-Holocene simulations are a palaeoclimate entry card for the Palaeoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) component of the current phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) – hereafter referred to as PMIP4-CMIP6. Here we provide an initial analysis and evaluation of the results of the experiment for the mid-Holocene. We show that state-of-the-art models produce climate changes that are broadly consistent with theory and observations, including increased summer warming of the Northern Hemisphere and associated shifts in tropical rainfall. Many features of the PMIP4-CMIP6 simulations were present in the previous generation (PMIP3-CMIP5) of simulations. The PMIP4-CMIP6 ensemble for the mid-Holocene has a global mean temperature change of −0.3 K, which is −0.2 K cooler than the PMIP3-CMIP5 simulations predominantly as a result of the prescription of realistic greenhouse gas concentrations in PMIP4-CMIP6. Biases in the magnitude and the sign of regional responses identified in PMIP3-CMIP5, such as the amplification of the northern African monsoon, precipitation changes over Europe, and simulated aridity in mid-Eurasia, are still present in the PMIP4-CMIP6 simulations. Despite these issues, PMIP4-CMIP6 and the mid-Holocene provide an opportunity both for quantitative evaluation and derivation of emergent constraints on the hydrological cycle, feedback strength, and potentially climate sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1814-9332
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2217985-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    geoChronR – an R package to model, analyze, and visualize age-uncertain data
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Geochronology Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2021-03-12), p. 149-169
    Details
    In: Geochronology, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2021-03-12), p. 149-169
    Abstract: Abstract. Chronological uncertainty is a hallmark of the paleoenvironmental sciences and geosciences. While many tools have been made available to researchers to quantify age uncertainties suitable for various settings and assumptions, disparate tools and output formats often discourage integrative approaches. In addition, associated tasks like propagating age-model uncertainties to subsequent analyses, and visualizing the results, have received comparatively little attention in the literature and available software. Here, we describe geoChronR, an open-source R package to facilitate these tasks. geoChronR is built around an emerging data standard (Linked PaleoData, or LiPD) and offers access to four popular age-modeling techniques (Bacon, BChron, OxCal, BAM). The output of these models is used to conduct ensemble data analysis, quantifying the impact of chronological uncertainties on common analyses like correlation, regression, principal component, and spectral analyses by repeating the analysis across a large collection of plausible age models. We present five real-world use cases to illustrate how geoChronR may be used to facilitate these tasks, visualize the results in intuitive ways, and store the results for further analysis, promoting transparency and reusability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2628-3719
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2966593-0
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  • 6
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    Climate models can correctly simulate the continuum of global-average temperature variability
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 116, No. 18 ( 2019-04-30), p. 8728-8733
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, No. 18 ( 2019-04-30), p. 8728-8733
    Abstract: Climate records exhibit scaling behavior with large exponents, resulting in larger fluctuations at longer timescales. It is unclear whether climate models are capable of simulating these fluctuations, which draws into question their ability to simulate such variability in the coming decades and centuries. Using the latest simulations and data syntheses, we find agreement for spectra derived from observations and models on timescales ranging from interannual to multimillennial. Our results confirm the existence of a scaling break between orbital and annual peaks, occurring around millennial periodicities. That both simple and comprehensive ocean–atmosphere models can reproduce these features suggests that long-range persistence is a consequence of the oceanic integration of both gradual and abrupt climate forcings. This result implies that Holocene low-frequency variability is partly a consequence of the climate system’s integrated memory of orbital forcing. We conclude that climate models appear to contain the essential physics to correctly simulate the spectral continuum of global-mean temperature; however, regional discrepancies remain unresolved. A critical element of successfully simulating suborbital climate variability involves, we hypothesize, initial conditions of the deep ocean state that are consistent with observations of the recent past.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809959116
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Scientific Data Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2017-07-11)
    Details
    In: Scientific Data, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2017-07-11)
    Abstract: Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present a community-sourced database of temperature-sensitive proxy records from the PAGES2k initiative. The database gathers 692 records from 648 locations, including all continental regions and major ocean basins. The records are from trees, ice, sediment, corals, speleothems, documentary evidence, and other archives. They range in length from 50 to 2000 years, with a median of 547 years, while temporal resolution ranges from biweekly to centennial. Nearly half of the proxy time series are significantly correlated with HadCRUT4.2 surface temperature over the period 1850–2014. Global temperature composites show a remarkable degree of coherence between high- and low-resolution archives, with broadly similar patterns across archive types, terrestrial versus marine locations, and screening criteria. The database is suited to investigations of global and regional temperature variability over the Common Era, and is shared in the Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format, including serializations in Matlab, R and Python.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-4463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.88
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775191-0
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    A pseudoproxy emulation of the PAGES 2k database using a hierarchy of proxy system models
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Data Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-09-14)
    Details
    In: Scientific Data, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-09-14)
    Abstract: Paleoclimate reconstructions are now integral to climate assessments, yet the consequences of using different methodologies and proxy data require rigorous benchmarking. Pseudoproxy experiments (PPEs) provide a tractable and transparent test bed for evaluating climate reconstruction methods and their sensitivity to aspects of real-world proxy networks. Here we develop a dataset that leverages proxy system models (PSMs) for this purpose, which emulates the essential physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes that translate climate signals into proxy records, making these synthetic proxies more relevant to the real world. We apply a suite of PSMs to emulate the widely-used PAGES 2k dataset, including realistic spatiotemporal sampling and error structure. A hierarchical approach allows us to produce many variants of this base dataset, isolating the impact of sampling bias in time and space, representation error, sampling error, and other assumptions. Combining these various experiments produces a rich dataset (“pseudoPAGES2k”) for many applications. As an illustration, we show how to conduct a PPE with this dataset based on emerging climate field reconstruction techniques.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-4463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02489-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775191-0
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