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  • 1
    In: The Lancet, Elsevier BV, Vol. 402, No. 10406 ( 2023-09), p. 965-974
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0140-6736
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3306-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476593-7
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 2
    In: JAMA Neurology, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 80, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 233-
    Abstract: International guidelines recommend avoiding intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with ischemic stroke who have a recent intake of a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). Objective To determine the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) associated with use of IVT in patients with recent DOAC ingestion. Design, Setting, and Participants This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 64 primary and comprehensive stroke centers across Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Consecutive adult patients with ischemic stroke who received IVT (both with and without thrombectomy) were included. Patients whose last known DOAC ingestion was more than 48 hours before stroke onset were excluded. A total of 832 patients with recent DOAC use were compared with 32 375 controls without recent DOAC use. Data were collected from January 2008 to December 2021. Exposures Prior DOAC therapy (confirmed last ingestion within 48 hours prior to IVT) compared with no prior oral anticoagulation. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was sICH within 36 hours after IVT, defined as worsening of at least 4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and attributed to radiologically evident intracranial hemorrhage. Outcomes were compared according to different selection strategies (DOAC-level measurements, DOAC reversal treatment, IVT with neither DOAC-level measurement nor idarucizumab). The association of sICH with DOAC plasma levels and very recent ingestions was explored in sensitivity analyses. Results Of 33 207 included patients, 14 458 (43.5%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 73 (62-80) years. The median (IQR) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 (5-16). Of the 832 patients taking DOAC, 252 (30.3%) received DOAC reversal before IVT (all idarucizumab), 225 (27.0%) had DOAC-level measurements, and 355 (42.7%) received IVT without measuring DOAC plasma levels or reversal treatment. The unadjusted rate of sICH was 2.5% (95% CI, 1.6-3.8) in patients taking DOACs compared with 4.1% (95% CI, 3.9-4.4) in control patients using no anticoagulants. Recent DOAC ingestion was associated with lower odds of sICH after IVT compared with no anticoagulation (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.92). This finding was consistent among the different selection strategies and in sensitivity analyses of patients with detectable plasma levels or very recent ingestion. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, there was insufficient evidence of excess harm associated with off-label IVT in selected patients after ischemic stroke with recent DOAC ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2168-6149
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Stroke, Korean Stroke Society, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2021-01-31), p. 91-102
    Abstract: Background and Purpose Data on safety and efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) fibrinolytics as adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are sparse.Methods INtra-arterial FIbriNolytics In ThrombectomY (INFINITY) is a retrospective multi-center observational registry of consecutive patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion ischemic stroke treated with MT and adjunctive administration of IA fibrinolytics (alteplase [tissue plasminogen activator, tPA] or urokinase [UK] ) at 10 European centers. Primary outcome was the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II definition. Secondary outcomes were mortality and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months.Results Of 5,612 patients screened, 311 (median age, 74 years; 44.1% female) received additional IA after or during MT (194 MT+IA tPA, 117 MT+IA UK). IA fibrinolytics were mostly administered for rescue of thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 0-2b after MT (80.4%, 250/311). sICH occurred in 27 of 308 patients (8.8%), with an increased risk in patients with initial TICI0/1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] , 1.1 to 5.0 per TICI grade decrease) or in those with intracranial internal carotid artery occlusions (aOR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 12.5). In patients with attempted rescue of TICI0-2b and available angiographic follow-up, 116 of 228 patients (50.9%) showed any angiographic reperfusion improvement after IA fibrinolytics, which was associated with mRS ≤2 (aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.4 to 6.9).Conclusions Administration of IA fibrinolytics as adjunct to MT is performed rarely, but can improve reperfusion, which is associated with better outcomes. Despite a selection bias, an increased risk of sICH seems possible, which underlines the importance of careful patient selection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2287-6391 , 2287-6405
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Stroke Society
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    In: Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2021-01-01), p. 2514183X2110173-
    Abstract: To identify factors associated with early angiographic reperfusion improvement (EARI) following intra-arterial fibrinolytics (IAF) after failed or incomplete mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Methods: A subset of patients treated with MT and IAF rescue after incomplete reperfusion included in the INFINITY (INtra-arterial FIbriNolytics In ThrombectomY) multicenter observational registry was analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with EARI. Heterogeneity of the clinical effect of EARI on functional independence (defined as modified Rankin Score ≤2) was tested with interaction terms. Results: A total of 228 patients (median age: 72 years, 44.1% female) received IAF as rescue for failed or incomplete MT and had a post-fibrinolytic angiographic control run available (50.9% EARI). A cardioembolic stroke origin (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–10.0) and shorter groin puncture to IAF intervals (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.95 per 15-min delay) were associated with EARI, while pre-interventional thrombolysis showed no association (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 0.59–2.26). The clinical benefit of EARI after IAF seemed more pronounced in patients without or only minor early ischemic changes (Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) ≥9, aOR 4.00, 95% CI 1.37–11.61) and was absent in patients with moderate to severe ischemic changes (ASPECTS ≤8, aOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.27–3.27, p for interaction: 0.095). Conclusion: Early rescue and a cardioembolic stroke origin were associated with more frequent EARI after IAF. The clinical effect of EARI seemed reduced in patients with already established infarcts. If confirmed, these findings can help to inform patient selection and inclusion criteria for randomized-controlled trials evaluating IAF as rescue after MT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2514-183X , 2514-183X
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 1761-1769
    Abstract: Despite evolving treatments, functional recovery in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke remains variable and outcome prediction challenging. Can we improve estimation of functional outcome with interpretable deep learning models using clinical and magnetic resonance imaging data? METHODS: In this observational study, we collected data of 222 patients with middle cerebral artery M1 segment occlusion who received mechanical thrombectomy. In a 5-fold cross validation, we evaluated interpretable deep learning models for predicting functional outcome in terms of modified Rankin scale at 3 months using clinical variables, diffusion weighted imaging and perfusion weighted imaging, and a combination thereof. Based on 50 test patients, we compared model performances to those of 5 experienced stroke neurologists. Prediction performance for ordinal (modified Rankin scale score, 0–6) and binary (modified Rankin scale score, 0–2 versus 3–6) functional outcome was assessed using discrimination and calibration measures like area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and accuracy (percentage of correctly classified patients). RESULTS: In the cross validation, the model based on clinical variables and diffusion weighted imaging achieved the highest binary prediction performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.766 [0.727–0.803]). Performance of models using clinical variables or diffusion weighted imaging only was lower. Adding perfusion weighted imaging did not improve outcome prediction. On the test set of 50 patients, binary prediction performance between model (accuracy, 60% [55.4%–64.4%] ) and neurologists (accuracy, 60% [55.8%–64.21%]) was similar when using clinical data. However, models significantly outperformed neurologists when imaging data were provided, alone or in combination with clinical variables (accuracy, 72% [67.8%–76%] versus 64% [59.8%–68.4%] with clinical and imaging data). Prediction performance of neurologists with comparable experience varied strongly. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that early prediction of functional outcome in large vessel occlusion stroke patients may be significantly improved if neurologists are supported by interpretable deep learning models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 6
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 49, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 1355-1362
    Abstract: Patients with embolic large-vessel occlusion may present with additional coincidental acute occlusions within or distant from the involved territory, referred to as multivessel occlusion (MVO). Purpose of this study was to assess prevalence of MVO, associated factors, and clinical relevance in patients undergoing endovascular stroke treatment. Methods— Image data of consecutive endovascular candidates (n=720) with direct access to angiography were extracted from a prospective registry. Prevalence of MVO was assessed with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography and confirmed by intra-arterial angiography. Explorative analysis of associated factors and clinical relevance was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression including variables with P 〈 0.15 in univariate comparison. Good functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 at day 90. Results— MVO was present in 10.7% of patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.4%–13.0%). Two, 3, and 4 concomitant occlusions were found in 80.5%, 16.9%, and 2.6% of MVO cases, respectively. Detection rate on initial radiological report was 54.5%. Downstream MVO was present in around one third of MVO (n=27/77, 35.1%), whereas all other MVO (n=50/77, 64.9%) occurred in different territories. Independent factors related to MVO were statin treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] , 0.477; 95% CI, 0.276–0.827), higher systolic blood pressure (aOR per mm Hg increase, 1.014; 95% CI, 1.005–1.023), and primary occlusion site M2 (aOR, 1.870; 95% CI, 1.103–3.170). MVO was related to lower rates of successful reperfusion (aOR, 0.549; 95% CI, 0.316–0.953) and lower rates of good functional outcome (aOR, 0.437; 95% CI, 0.207–0.923). Conclusions— Every tenth patient subjected to angiography for endovascular stroke treatment experienced MVO in our series, and only half were prospectively identified on preinterventional diagnostic imaging. Patients with MVO had higher baseline systolic blood pressure and were less often medicated with statins, an observation that warrants external validation and evaluation regarding causality. Occurrence of MVO has implication for treatment decisions, negatively affects endovascular treatment success, and is predictive of worse clinical outcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 7
    In: European Journal of Neurology, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 3682-3691
    Abstract: An incomplete circle of Willis (CoW) has been associated with a higher risk of stroke and might affect collateral flow in large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. We aimed to investigate the distribution of CoW variants in a LVO stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) cohort and analyze their impact on 3‐month functional outcome. Methods CoW anatomy was assessed with time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF‐MRA) in 193 stroke patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA)‐M1‐occlusion receiving endovascular treatment (EVT) and 73 TIA patients without LVO. The main CoW variants were categorized into four vascular models of presumed collateral flow via the CoW. Results 82.4% ( n  = 159) of stroke and 72.6% ( n  = 53) of TIA patients had an incomplete CoW. Most variants affected the posterior circulation (stroke: 77.2%, n  = 149; TIA: 58.9%, n  = 43; p  = 0.004). Initial stroke severity defined by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission was similar for patients with and without CoW variants. CoW integrity did not differ between groups with favorable (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]): 0–2) and unfavorable (mRS: 3–6) 3‐month outcome. However, we found trends towards a higher mortality in patients with any type of CoW variant ( p  = 0.08) and a higher frequency of incomplete CoW among patients dying within 3 months after stroke onset ( p  = 0.119). In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for the potential confounders age, sex and atrial fibrillation, neither the vascular models nor anterior or posterior variants were independently associated with outcome. Conclusion Our data provide no evidence for an association of CoW variants with clinical outcome in LVO stroke patients receiving EVT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-5101 , 1468-1331
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-05-20)
    Abstract: Data on infarcts in new territory (INT) in patients undergoing endovascular stroke treatment for acute large-vessel occlusions are sparse. Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical relevance of INT. For this purpose, all patients in a single-center prospective registry who underwent endovascular stroke treatment and received pre- and post-interventional diffusion-weighted imaging were included (N = 259). Using an established scoring system, INT were classified according to size (I-III, ≤2 mm, 〉 2 mm ≤20 mm, 〉 20 mm) and likelihood of being related to the intervention (A, high likelihood; B, low likelihood). Additionally, a new type of infarct, that occurred in a territory distal to the occlusion, but was initially not hypoperfused, was defined as an infarct in initially not hypoperfused territory (IINHT). A total of 180 INT and 38 IINHT were observed in 32.8% (N = 85/259) of patients. In most patients, INT were angiographically occult (90.2%), and 13 patients had INT/IINHT larger than 2 cm (type III). Absence of protection during stent-retrieval and a cardio-embolic stroke origin were associated with higher incidence of INT/IINHT, whereas pretreatment with IV tPA showed no association, even when different bolus timing was considered. INT/IINHT were associated with lower rates of functional independence with increasing size type after adjusting for confounders ( adjusted Odds Ratio per size group increase 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.86). In conclusion, INT and IINHT are not rare, are associated with poor outcome with increasing size, and they may serve as a surrogate endpoint for safety evaluation of new devices and endovascular techniques. Further research on associated factors is warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
    In: Journal of Stroke, Korean Stroke Society, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2022-05-31), p. 266-277
    Abstract: Background and Purpose Knowledge about different etiologies of non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and their outcomes is scarce.Methods We assessed prevalence of pre-specified ICH etiologies and their association with outcomes in consecutive ICH patients enrolled in the prospective Swiss Stroke Registry (2014 to 2019). Results We included 2,650 patients (mean±standard deviation age 72±14 years, 46.5% female, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 8 [interquartile range, 3 to 15]). Etiology was as follows: hypertension, 1,238 (46.7%); unknown, 566 (21.4%); antithrombotic therapy, 227 (8.6%); cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), 217 (8.2%); macrovascular cause, 128 (4.8%); other determined etiology, 274 patients (10.3%). At 3 months, 880 patients (33.2%) were functionally independent and 664 had died (25.1%). ICH due to hypertension had a higher odds of functional independence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] , 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] , 1.00 to 1.77; P=0.05) and lower mortality (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.86; P=0.003). ICH due to antithrombotic therapy had higher mortality (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.61; P=0.045). Within 3 months, 4.2% of patients had cerebrovascular events. The rate of ischemic stroke was higher than that of recurrent ICH in all etiologies but CAA and unknown etiology. CAA had high odds of recurrent ICH (aOR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.48 to 7.69; P=0.004) while the odds was lower in ICH due to hypertension (aOR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.93; P=0.031).Conclusions Although hypertension is the leading etiology of ICH, other etiologies are frequent. One-third of ICH patients are functionally independent at 3 months. Except for patients with presumed CAA, the risk of ischemic stroke within 3 months of ICH was higher than the risk of recurrent hemorrhage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2287-6391 , 2287-6405
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Stroke Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2814366-8
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  • 10
    In: Clinical Neuroradiology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2022-06), p. 407-418
    Abstract: Randomized controlled trials have challenged the assumption that reperfusion success after mechanical thrombectomy varies depending on the retrieval techniques applied; however, recent analyses have suggested that acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients showing susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) may respond differently. We aimed to compare different stent retriever (SR)-based thrombectomy techniques with respect to interventional outcome parameters depending on SVS status. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 497 patients treated with SR-based thrombectomy for anterior circulation AIS. Imaging was conducted using a 1.5 T or 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test for the interaction of SVS status and first-line retrieval technique. Results are shown as percentages, total values or adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results An SVS was present in 87.9% ( n  = 437) of patients. First-line SR thrombectomy was used to treat 293 patients, whereas 204 patients were treated with a combined approach (COA) of SR and distal aspiration. An additional balloon-guide catheter (BGC) was used in 273 SR-treated (93.2%) and 89 COA-treated (43.6%) patients. On logistic regression analysis, the interaction variable of SVS status and first-line retrieval technique was not associated with first-pass reperfusion (aOR 1.736, 95% CI 0.491–6.136; p  = 0.392), overall reperfusion (aOR 3.173, 95% CI 0.752–13.387; p  = 0.116), periinterventional complications, embolization into new territories, or symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. The use of BGC did not affect the results. Conclusion While previous analyses indicated that first-line SR thrombectomy may promise higher rates of reperfusion than contact aspiration in AIS patients with SVS, our data show no superiority of any particular SR-based retrieval technique regardless of SVS status.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1869-1439 , 1869-1447
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2232347-8
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