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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Vol. 615, No. 7954 ( 2023-03-30), p. 874-883
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 615, No. 7954 ( 2023-03-30), p. 874-883
    Abstract: Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being 1–6 . Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was 〈 1.1 kg m –2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
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  • 2
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    Relative Contribution of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, and Dietary Habits to the Prevalence of Obesity among Kuwaiti Adolescents
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Food and Nutrition Bulletin Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2013-03), p. 6-13
    Details
    In: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, SAGE Publications, Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2013-03), p. 6-13
    Abstract: The increasing rate of obesity among Kuwaiti adolescents is associated with immediate and long term-risks to their health and well-being. Objective To update data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti adolescents and to examine the relative contribution of selected lifestyle factors to overweight and obesity in this population. Methods The present study is part of the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study (ATLS). A total of 906 adolescents (463 boys and 443 girls) aged between 14 and 19 years were selected from Kuwaiti schools by a multistage stratified randomization process. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and eating habits. The International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cutoff values for adolescents under 18 years of age were used to define overweight and obesity. Total energy expenditure was calculated using metabolic equivalent-minutes per week. A general linear model was used to establish the proportion of the variance (expressed in partial eta squared) in excess weight attributable to differences in eating habits and physical activity. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 50.5% in boys and 46.5% in girls. Among boys, moderate and vigorous activities were found to be significantly negatively associated with overweight and obesity ( p 〈 .05), whereas in girls, only those with not less than moderate activities were negatively associated with overweight and obesity ( p 〈 .05). Sedentary behaviors, time spent watching television, and time spent working on the computer were not significantly associated with obesity in either sex. Consumption of breakfast, vegetables, and fast foods (boys and girls) and potatoes, cakes and doughnuts, and sweets (girls only) was significantly associated with overweight and obesity ( p 〈 .05). In general, the partial eta square explained by physical activity was less than 3.6% in boys compared with less than 1.0% in girls, and eating habits explained less than 1.8% in boys compared with 2.5% in girls. Conclusions Physical activity explains a greater proportion of variation in body mass index than do eating habits, particularly in boys. Eating habits explain a greater proportion of variation in body mass index than does physical activity in girls. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the relative effects of sedentary behaviors on overweight in adolescents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0379-5721 , 1564-8265
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/156482651303400102
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2075729-3
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  • 3
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    Adolescent’s self-reported weight and its association with media impact on decision to lose weight and body thinness perception
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-04-08)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-04-08)
    Abstract: This study investigated the accuracy of self-reported weight among Kuwaiti adolescents and the associations of self-reported weight and calculated BMI with the impact of media use on adolescent’s decision to lose weight and body thinness perception. A total of 706 Kuwaiti adolescents (363 females) 15–18 year-olds were randomly selected from schools. Weight and height were self-reported by the adolescents and measured by the researchers. A specifically designed questionnaire reported the impact of media use on adolescent’s decision to lose weight and body thinness perception. There were significant (p  〈  0.001) relationships between measured and reported weight (r = 0.947), height (r = 0.777), and calculated BMI (r = 0.623). Intraclass correlation coefficients (95% CI) between self-reported and measured weight and height were 0.973 (0.968–0.977) and 0.867 (0.839–0.891), respectively. The mean differences between self-reported and measured weight (1.26 kg) and BMI (0.478 kg/m 2 ) were relatively small. Females under-reported their weight and the calculated BMI from estimated weight and height was underestimated by adolescents with overweight/obesity. The impact of media use on the adolescent’s perception of being thin relative to the accuracy of the calculated BMI was significant (p = 0.043–0.001). The age-adjusted odds ratio of the calculated (underestimated) BMI in adolescents without overweight/obesity was 0.437 (95% CI = 0.257–0.741; p = 0.002). It was concluded that the validity of self-reported weight was high. Adolescents with overweight/obesity were more likely to underestimate their weight and calculated BMI. Educating adolescents about proper lifestyles and weight loss through media appears warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09909-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 4
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    Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti adolescents and the perception of body weight by parents or friends
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2022
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2022-1-4), p. e0262101-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2022-1-4), p. e0262101-
    Abstract: Recently, the State of Kuwait has witnessed a steady rise in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents. The present study aims to provide an update on the rate of overweight or obesity among Kuwaiti adolescents and examines the associations between adolescents’ overweight/obesity levels and their perception of body weight as seen by parents or friends. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kuwaiti secondary schools and included adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 years, using a multistage stratified random sampling method. Body weight and height were measured. A specifically designed self-report questionnaire was used to assess parents’ and friends’ perceptions of an adolescent’s body weight. Results A total of 706 adolescents were included the study. The prevalence of overweight or obesity among Kuwaiti adolescents reached nearly 50%, with males (54.3%) having a significantly higher overweight or obesity percentage than females (44.6%). No significant difference in the prevalence of obesity relative to age, from 15 to 18 years, was found. In addition, logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and gender, revealed that adolescents perceived their parents (p = 0.011 and p 〈 0.001) or friends (p = 0.002 and p 〈 0.001) as more likely to classify their weight as overweight or obese, respectively. Conclusion Overweight or obesity levels appear to be high among Kuwaiti adolescents, and appears to have reached a plateau recently. Efforts to combat obesity and promote physical activity and healthy nutrition are needed. Future studies should seek to identify important moderators of parental and social underestimation/overestimation of children’s overweight or obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262101
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262101.t001
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262101.s001
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262101.r001
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262101.r006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 5
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    Joint Associations of Activity Energy Expenditure and Sedentary Behaviors with Adolescent’s Obesity and Dietary Habits : 1908 Board #194 May 29, 3
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2014
    In:  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Vol. 46 ( 2014-05), p. 518-
    Details
    In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 46 ( 2014-05), p. 518-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0195-9131
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495020.85569.43
    RVK:
    ZX 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031167-9
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  • 6
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    The Relationship between Lifestyle Factors and Obesity Indices among Adolescents in Qatar
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 22 ( 2019-11-13), p. 4428-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 22 ( 2019-11-13), p. 4428-
    Abstract: Background: Physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour and an unhealthy diet are factors that may increase weight and general and/or abdominal obesity. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between general and abdominal obesity and lifestyle factors among adolescents in Qatar. Methods: The study data are based on the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study (ATLS). The target population consisted of 1184 adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years old (563 boys and 621 girls), randomly selected through multistage sampling. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on lifestyle indicators. Anthropometric indicators, which included body weight, height and waist circumference (WC), were measured according to standardised procedures. International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) reference values were used to define overweight and obesity. Abdominal obesity was defined by the ‘waist-to-height ratio’ (WHtR 〉 0.5) and by sex- and age-specific WC cutoff values. Results: Females were more inactive than males (63.7% vs. 36.3%; p 〈 0.001). The proportion of adolescents who reported screen time of over 2 h per day was 82.5%. Females engaged in more sedentary behaviour than males (53.4% vs. 46.4%, p = 0.009). Being male (OR: 1.3; CI: 1.0–1.7) and skipping breakfast (OR: 1.5; CI: 1.2–2) were significantly associated with overweight/obesity. In contrast, high intake of fast food, fries, sweets and cake were negative predictors of general and abdominal obesity. Conclusions: The findings revealed the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle habits among adolescents in Qatar and indicated relationships between certain dietary habits and obesity. The findings of this study may help in advocating for the implementation of an intervention that includes lifestyle changes targeting adolescents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224428
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
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    The association between academic performance indicators and lifestyle behaviors among Kuwaiti college students
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2023-04-04)
    Details
    In: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2023-04-04)
    Abstract: Lifestyle behaviors are developed during young adulthood and carried through life. Accordingly, early detection of unhealthy behaviors can help prevent the increase in non-communicable diseases in the population. College students are an especially vulnerable group who, upon entering a new environment, tend to engage in unhealthy behaviors. Objective The present study aims to evaluate the lifestyle behaviors of Kuwaiti college students and their association with markers of academic achievements. Methods One thousand two hundred fifty-nine students participated in the present study and answered an online questionnaire pertaining to their sociodemographic status, academic performance indicators, body weight and height, and lifestyle behaviors. Data were collected from November 2020 to February 2021. Results Results of the present study showed that obesity was significantly more prevalent among male participants than among females even though males were more physically active. Alternatively, females had a greater grade point average in college, slept more, and had more screen time. Interestingly, we were unable to detect a significant correlation between lifestyle behaviors and academic achievements. Conclusion The observed differences in body mass index between genders may have been attributed to energy intake rather than energy expenditure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-1315
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00370-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
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    The Prevalence of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviours Relative to Obesity among Adolescents from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: Rural versus Urban Variations
    Hindawi Limited ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-9
    Abstract: Purpose . The aims of this study were to explore the lifestyle of young people living in Al-Ahsa Governorate; to investigate differences due to gender, age, school type, and geographical location. Methods . 1270 volunteered youth (15–19 years) completed a self-report questionnaire that contained 47 items relating to patterns of physical activity (PA), sedentary activity, and eating habits. The questionnaire allows the calculation of total energy expenditure in metabolic equivalent (MET-min) values per week. Results . Significant differences in the PA levels of youth were evident with regard to gender, geographical areas, and type of school. Also, normal weight males reported the highest levels of PA compared to overweight and obese. Conclusions . Youth living in rural desert were less physically active than those living in urban or rural farm environments. Youth of “normal” weight were more active than obese. Males were more active than females and PA levels appeared to decline with age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-0724 , 2090-0732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2012/417589
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573563-9
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  • 9
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    Scoping Review of Population-Based Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Saudi Arabia
    Human Kinetics ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Physical Activity and Health Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2023-06-1), p. 471-486
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Human Kinetics, Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2023-06-1), p. 471-486
    Abstract: Background : Saudi Arabia is experiencing rapid development of the built environment and implementing policy changes to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behavior (SB) among its population. In light of these developments, this scoping review systematically summarized population levels of PA/SB in Saudi Arabia. Methods : The authors searched 6 databases on December 13, 2021, for articles published in English or Arabic from 2018 to the search date. Studies using population-based sampling in Saudi Arabia and measuring PA/SB were included. Results : Of the 1272 records found, 797 were screened, and 19 studies (9 on children/adolescents age 6–19 y and 10 on adults age 15–75 y) were included. All studies were cross-sectional in design, and 18 studies collected data at only one point in time, ranging from 2009 to 2020. A total of 18 studies relied on self-reporting to assess PA/SB using a variety of questionnaires. Among children/adolescents, approximately 80% to 90% did not attain at least 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous PA and 50% to 80% engaged in ≥2 hours per day of screen time or SB. Among adults, approximately 50% to 95% had low or insufficient PA (eg, less than meeting PA guidelines) and about half had a sitting time of ≥5 hours per day. Population-based studies were not found among children 〈 10 years and adults 〉 75 years. Conclusions : A high proportion of participants in the reviewed studies did not meet PA recommendations and spent excessive time in SB. Ongoing surveillance efforts for all ages may help identify target populations for interventions and prioritize the national strategy on PA/SB in Saudi Arabia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-3080 , 1543-5474
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0537
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2023
    SSG: 31
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  • 10
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    The influence of gender, media, and internet usage on adolescents' fast food perception and fluid intake
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2023-08-02)
    Details
    In: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2023-08-02)
    Abstract: Understanding the factors that influence adolescent’s perception of fast food and their fluid consumption is crucial for designing effective nutrition education programs tailored to this population. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of sex and the use of media and the internet with adolescents' perception of fast foods and the amount of fluid consumption. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on school adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 years in Kuwait, using a multistage stratified random sampling method (N = 706 adolescents; 343 boys and 363 girls). A pre-tested and specifically designed self-report questionnaire covering several measures such as: (a) types of foods that are considered fast foods; and (b) participant’s fluid consumption. Body weight and height were measured using calibrated medical scales. Body mass index (BMI) was computed. The adolescents were stratified by sex into two groups: boys and girls, for the purpose of analysis. Results Seven out of 14 food choices showed significant sex differences (p values ranged from 0.016 to  〈  0.001) in the adolescents’ responses to whether they perceived such food choice as fast food or not. Although differences were found between sexes, the majority of the listed fast foods were correctly recognized as fast foods by the adolescents. In addition, there were significant differences between males and females in the amount of daily drinks (ml/week) consumed from full fat milk (males = l197.1 ± 27,652.1 and females = 1662.8 ± 2221, p = 0.013), sugar-sweetened beverage (males = 2350.8 ± 3324.3 and females = 3088.9 ± 3701.1, p = 0.004), and energy drinks (males = 429.5 ± 1117.2 and females = 267.6 ± 733.8, p = 0.037). Compared to adolescents who seldom or do not watch TV or use the internet, those who engage in these sedentary activities are less likely to classify pizza (aOR (95% CI) = 0.660 (0.440–0.990), p = 0.045), grilled meat (aOR (95% CI) = 0.674 (0.477–0.954), p = 0.026), fried egg sandwiches (aOR (95% CI) = 0.617 (0.425–0.894–0.189), p = 0.011), and rice (aOR (95% CI) = 0.598(0.409–0.875), p = 0.008) as fast foods. Conclusion The influence of TV and internet use on adolescent’s ability to accurately identify fast foods has been observed. Findings indicate the need for increased fast food nutrition education programs that are tailored towards adolescents. The study recommends further research to enhance consumer awareness of foods and drinks among adolescents in the State of Kuwait.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-1315
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00426-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2059676-5
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