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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal variability of the mixed layer depth in the Mediterranean Sea as derived from in situ profiles : MIXED LAYER DEPTH OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2005
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 32, No. 12 ( 2005-06), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 32, No. 12 ( 2005-06), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2005GL022463
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global tidal residual mean circulation: Does it affect a climate OGCM?
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2008
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2008-02-08)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2008-02-08)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2007GL032644
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interannual variability of the oceanic sink of CO 2 from 1979 through 1997
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2000
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2000-12), p. 1247-1265
    Details
    In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2000-12), p. 1247-1265
    Abstract: We have estimated the interannual variability in the oceanic sink of CO 2 with a three‐dimensional global‐scale model which includes ocean circulation and simple biogeochemistry. The model was forced from 1979 to 1997 by a combination of daily to weekly data from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis as well as European Remote Sensing satellite observations. For this period, the ocean sink of CO 2 is estimated to vary between 1.4 and 2.2 Pg C yr −1 , as a result of annually averaged interannual variability of ±0.4 Pg C yr −1 that fluctuates about a mean of 1.8 Pg C yr −1 . Our interannual variability roughly agrees in amplitude with previous ocean‐based estimates but is 2 to 4 times less than estimates based on atmospheric observations. About 70% of the global variance in our modeled flux of CO 2 originated in the equatorial Pacific. In that region, our modeled variability in the flux of CO 2 generally agreed with that observed to ±0.1 Pg C yr −1 . The predominance of the equatorial Pacific for interannual variability is caused by three factors: (1) interannual variability associated with El Niño events occurs in phase over the entire basin, whereas elsewhere positive and negative anomalies partly cancel each other out (e.g., for events such as Antarctic Circumpolar Wave and the North Atlantic Oscillation); (2) dynamic processes dominate in the equatorial Pacific, whereas dynamic, thermodynamic, and biological processes partly cancel one another at higher latitudes; and (3) our model underestimates the variability in ocean dynamics and biology at high latitudes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0886-6236 , 1944-9224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999GB900049
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021601-4
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of upper-ocean stratification on tropical cyclone-induced surface cooling in the Bay of Bengal : OCEANIC CONTROL ON TC COOLING IN THE BOB
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 117, No. C12 ( 2012-12), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 117, No. C12 ( 2012-12), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2012JC008433
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Model of the Regional Coupled Earth system (MORCE): Application to process and climate studies in vulnerable regions
    Elsevier BV ; 2012
    In:  Environmental Modelling & Software Vol. 35 ( 2012-07), p. 1-18
    Details
    In: Environmental Modelling & Software, Elsevier BV, Vol. 35 ( 2012-07), p. 1-18
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-8152
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.01.017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027304-6
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    A Model Study of Oceanic Mechanisms Affecting Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperature during the 1997–98 El Niño
    American Meteorological Society ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 31, No. 7 ( 2001-07), p. 1649-1675
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 31, No. 7 ( 2001-07), p. 1649-1675
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031〈1649:AMSOOM〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    The Global Conveyor Belt from a Southern Ocean Perspective
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 38, No. 7 ( 2008-07-01), p. 1401-1425
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 38, No. 7 ( 2008-07-01), p. 1401-1425
    Abstract: Recent studies have proposed the Southern Ocean as the site of large water-mass transformations; other studies propose that this basin is among the main drivers for North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) circulation. A modeling contribution toward understanding the role of this basin in the global thermohaline circulation can thus be of interest. In particular, key pathways and transformations associated with the thermohaline circulation in the Southern Ocean of an ice–ocean coupled model have been identified here through the extensive use of quantitative Lagrangian diagnostics. The model Southern Ocean is characterized by a shallow overturning circulation transforming 20 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of thermocline waters into mode waters and a deep overturning related to the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. Mode and intermediate waters contribute to 80% of the upper branch of the overturning in the Atlantic Ocean north of 30°S. A net upwelling of 11.5 Sv of Circumpolar Deep Waters is simulated in the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Bottom Water upwells into deep layers in the Pacific basin, forming Circumpolar Deep Water and subsurface thermocline water. The Southern Ocean is a powerful consumer of NADW: about 40% of NADW net export was found to upwell in the Southern Ocean, and 40% is transformed into Antarctic Bottom Water. The upwelling occurs south of the Polar Front and mainly in the Indian and Pacific Ocean sectors. The transformation of NADW to lighter water occurs in two steps: vertical mixing at the base of the mixed layer first decreases the salinity of the deep water upwelling south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, followed by heat input by air–sea and diffusive fluxes to complete the transformation to mode and intermediate waters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0485 , 0022-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2007JPO3525.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Thermohaline Modes of the Global Ocean
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 49, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 2535-2552
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 49, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 2535-2552
    Abstract: The first 2000 m of the global thermohaline structure of the ocean are statistically decomposed into vertical thermohaline modes, using a multivariate functional principal component analysis (FPCA). This method is applied on the Monthly Isopycnal and Mixed-Layer Ocean Climatology (MIMOC). The first three modes account for 92% of the joint temperature and salinity ( T – S ) variance, which yields a surprisingly good reduction of dimensionality. The first mode (69% of the variance) is related to the thermocline depth and delineates the subtropical gyres. The second mode (18%) is mostly driven by salinity and mainly displays the asymmetry between the North Pacific and Atlantic basins and the salty circumpolar deep waters in the Southern Ocean. The third mode (5%) identifies the low- and high-salinity intermediate waters, covarying with the freshwater inputs of the upper ocean. The representation of the ocean in the space defined by the first three modes offers a simple visualization of the global thermohaline structure that strikingly emphasizes the role of the Southern Ocean in linking and distributing water masses to the other basins. The vertical thermohaline modes offer a convenient framework for model and observation data comparison. This is illustrated by projecting the repeated Pacific section P16 together with profiles from the Array for Real-Time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) global array of profiling floats on the modes defined with the climatology MIMOC. These thermohaline modes have a potential for water mass identification and robust analysis of heat and salt content.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0120.1
    DOI: 10.1175/jpo-d-19-0120.s1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reducing Climatology Bias in an Ocean–Atmosphere CGCM with Improved Coupling Physics
    American Meteorological Society ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2005-07-01), p. 2344-2360
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2005-07-01), p. 2344-2360
    Abstract: The cold tongue in the tropical Pacific extends too far west in most current ocean–atmosphere coupled GCMs (CGCMs). This bias also exists in the relatively high-resolution SINTEX-F CGCM despite its remarkable performance of simulating ENSO variations. In terms of the importance of air–sea interactions to the climatology formation in the tropical Pacific, several sensitivity experiments with improved coupling physics have been performed in order to reduce the cold-tongue bias in CGCMs. By allowing for momentum transfer of the ocean surface current to the atmosphere [full coupled simulation (FCPL)] or merely reducing the wind stress by taking the surface current into account in the bulk formula [semicoupled simulation (semi-CPL)] , the warm-pool/cold-tongue structure in the equatorial Pacific is simulated better than that of the control simulation (CTL) in which the movement of the ocean surface is ignored for wind stress calculation. The reduced surface zonal current and vertical entrainment owing to the reduced easterly wind stress tend to produce a warmer sea surface temperature (SST) in the western equatorial Pacific. Consequently, the dry bias there is much reduced. The warming tendency of the SST in the eastern Pacific, however, is largely suppressed by isopycnal diffusion and meridional advection of colder SST from south of the equator due to enhanced coastal upwelling near Peru. The ENSO signal in the western Pacific and its global teleconnection in the North Pacific are simulated more realistically. The approach as adopted in the FCPL run is able to generate a correct zonal SST slope and efficiently reduce the cold-tongue bias in the equatorial Pacific. The surface easterly wind itself in the FCPL run is weakened, reducing the easterly wind stress further. This is related with a weakened zonal Walker cell in the atmospheric boundary layer over the eastern Pacific and a new global angular momentum balance of the atmosphere associated with reduced westerly wind stress over the southern oceans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3404.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Patterns of Wind-Power Input to the Ocean Circulation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 41, No. 12 ( 2011-12-01), p. 2328-2342
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 41, No. 12 ( 2011-12-01), p. 2328-2342
    Abstract: Pathways of wind-power input into the ocean general circulation are analyzed using Ekman theory. Direct rates of wind work can be calculated through the wind stress acting on the surface geostrophic flow. However, because that energy is transported laterally in the Ekman layer, the injection into the geostrophic interior is actually controlled by Ekman pumping, with a pattern determined by the wind curl rather than the wind itself. Regions of power injection into the geostrophic interior are thus generally shifted poleward compared to regions of direct wind-power input, most notably in the Southern Ocean, where on average energy enters the interior 10° south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current core. An interpretation of the wind-power input to the interior is proposed, expressed as a downward flux of pressure work. This energy flux is a measure of the work done by the Ekman pumping against the surface elevation pressure, helping to maintain the observed anomaly of sea surface height relative to the global-mean sea level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-11-024.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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