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  • Mobilitäts- und Verkehrsforschung  (5)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Three-Dimensional Modeling of Spatial Soil Properties via Artificial Neural Networks
    SAGE Publications ; 2000
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1709, No. 1 ( 2000-01), p. 50-59
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1709, No. 1 ( 2000-01), p. 50-59
    Kurzfassung: Geotechnical engineers recognize the variability of the geological materials they work with, including uncertainties associated with subsurface characterization tasks. These uncertainties include data scattering, such as real spatial variation in soil properties, or random testing errors. Systematic errors, as can occur in bias measurement procedures, are also common. In almost all construction projects, penetration tests play a major role in subsoil characterization. Interpretation of test results is mostly empirical, and it is therefore prudent to find a suitable computational method to minimize the error in predicting values at points away from actual test locations. In this research, the capabilities of artificial neural networks (ANNs) are assessed as a computational method for predicting standard penetration test (SPT) results at any point ( x, y, z) in a field where a set of SPTs is performed. SPT and moisture content data for five bore holes are used to train and test the developed three-dimensional network models. To graphically visualize the underlying soil strata, select contour maps of blows and moisture content values at various locations are presented. The results obtained indicate the viability and flexibility of ANN methodology as an efficient tool for site characterization tasks.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/1709-07
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: SAGE Publications
    Publikationsdatum: 2000
    ZDB Id: 2403378-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Matching Simulator Characteristics to Highway Design Problems
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2248, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 53-60
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2248, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 53-60
    Kurzfassung: Driving simulators hold much promise for addressing roadway design issues. However, although simulators have demonstrated their value in experimental research addressing driver performance, their ability to support road design projects has not been as clearly established. This paper describes a design-centered framework to make simulators valuable for traffic engineers and geometric designers. This framework includes several steps: (a) identification of design issues that would benefit from driving simulators, (b) identification of simulator characteristics to match them to design issues, and (c) translation of driver performance data from the simulator to traffic behavior on the road. Several critical obstacles inhibit application of simulators to highway design. First, driving safety researchers and engineers comprise separate communities and their perspectives on how simulators can be applied to address road design issues often diverge. This paper seeks to reduce this divergence and make simulators useful to highway engineers. Interviews with engineers revealed important issues that simulators could address, such as intersection and interchange design. Second, driving simulators are often broadly defined as high fidelity, which provides little value in matching simulators to design issues. A survey of simulators and simulator characteristics clarifies the meaning of simulator fidelity and links it to road design issues. Third, simulators often produce data that do not correspond to data collected by traffic engineers. This mismatch can result from inadequate simulator fidelity, but can also arise from more fundamental sources—traffic engineers focus on traffic behavior and driving simulator researchers focus on driver behavior. Obstacles in using simulators for highway design reflect both technical and communication challenges.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2248-07
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: SAGE Publications
    Publikationsdatum: 2011
    ZDB Id: 2403378-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Strength Degradation of Existing Bridge Columns under Seismic Loading
    SAGE Publications ; 1996
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1541, No. 1 ( 1996-01), p. 29-42
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1541, No. 1 ( 1996-01), p. 29-42
    Kurzfassung: The strength and degradation behavior of reinforced concrete bridge columns under seismic loading were investigated. Experimental tests were conducted on four reduced-scale column specimens that incorporated deficiencies selected to be representative of those present in existing bridges designed before 1971. The columns were fixed against rotation at both the top and bottom, resulting in a transfer of shear forces through the column even after the lower hinging region lost its flexural capacity. The specimens were subjected to increasing levels of cycled inelastic displacements under constant axial load. The focus of the study was to characterize the load and displacement capacities present in older columns for purposes of seismic assessment and retrofit design. Flexure-dominated failures occurred in three of the specimens. A rapid degradation in flexural strength was observed at the bottom hinging regions of the tested columns because of the presence of lap splices and poor confinement. Top hinging regions that did not have lap splices exhibited degradation in flexural capacities at higher displacement ductilities because of eventual longitudinal bar buckling. In the fourth specimen, flexural yielding was initially observed at both the top and bottom of the column, but this was followed by an eventual brittle shear failure. Various procedures for assessing flexural and shear behaviors were compared with the observed experimental results.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198196154100105
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: SAGE Publications
    Publikationsdatum: 1996
    ZDB Id: 2403378-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Evaluating the Effects of Connected Vehicle Weather and Work Zone Warnings on Truck Drivers’ Workload and Distraction using Eye Glance Behavior
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2674, No. 3 ( 2020-03), p. 293-304
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2674, No. 3 ( 2020-03), p. 293-304
    Kurzfassung: This study acts in support of the Wyoming Department of Transport (WYDOT) connected vehicle pilot efforts in the deployment of effective, safe, and user-centered connected vehicle (CV) applications and human machine interface (HMI) displays. This study sought to quantify the workload demands and distraction introduced by the pilot’s spot weather impact warning (SWIW) and work zone warning (WZW) applications on professional truck drivers. Using driving simulator experimentation and eye-tracking technology, the effects of exposure to the CV warnings on the participants’ glance behavior were quantified. The study revealed that the weather notifications did not invoke any notable workload or distraction to the participants. Conversely, the WZWs deteriorated the participants’ roadway scanning behavior and brought about prolonged off-road glances, and therefore could carry adverse safety impacts to drivers in real-life conditions. This was largely attributed to the fact that, unlike the weather notifications, the WZW application appeared to have over-communicated information to the participants during a short time window and under difficult driving conditions and resulted in a relatively cluttered HMI. In light of these findings, WYDOT, the leading pilot stakeholder, is amending the design of the WZW application in such a way that message flow rate is reduced and only necessary information is displayed. All in all, the methodology applied in this study was effective in uncovering the overall effects of exposure to CV warnings and therefore could be useful for evaluating workload and distraction in the context of emergent advanced driver assistance systems.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198120910743
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: SAGE Publications
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2403378-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Eco-Drive Technology, Human Factors, and Environmental and Economic Benefits
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2675, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 927-937
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2675, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 927-937
    Kurzfassung: The objective of eco-drive technology is to reduce fuel consumption and resulting emissions using advances in communication and traffic control technologies with capability to support infrastructure-to-vehicle connection in a signalized network. On the human factors side, there is growing interest across the world in advising drivers to take eco-drive actions by effectively using the green phase of the signal cycle time to save fuel and reduce emissions. This paper describes a large-scale real-world research project in Ottawa (Ontario, Canada) on this subject. The technology and methods that support the green light optimized speed advisory (GLOSA) system were refined and all 1,178 traffic signals in the city were equipped to connect with a fleet of vehicles. Field study data were analyzed for speed trajectories, fuel consumption, and GLOSA compliance. Greenhouse emissions and fuel cost changes were computed. An anonymous questionnaire study investigated driver perception of the usefulness of the signal data displayed on an in-vehicle unit as advice on driving adjustment decisions made under prevailing traffic conditions. The over 65% compliance with GLOSA and the results of the driver questionnaire were mutually consistent. The fuel saving amounted to 7.6% but was adjusted to 5% because of uncertainties in daily vehicle travel. The reduction in carbon dioxide equivalent and fuel cost reported in the paper are based on a 5% adjustment. These results can be used for cost–benefit studies. Also, simulation-based research projects can verify their findings with the real-world experience reported in this paper.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981211014204
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: SAGE Publications
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2403378-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
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