GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Reductions in NO 2 burden over north equatorial Africa from decline in biomass burning in spite of growing fossil fuel use, 2005 to 2017
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 118, No. 7 ( 2021-02-16)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 7 ( 2021-02-16)
    Kurzfassung: Socioeconomic development in low- and middle-income countries has been accompanied by increased emissions of air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides [NO x : nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) + nitric oxide (NO)], which affect human health. In sub-Saharan Africa, fossil fuel combustion has nearly doubled since 2000. At the same time, landscape biomass burning—another important NO x source—has declined in north equatorial Africa, attributed to changes in climate and anthropogenic fire management. Here, we use satellite observations of tropospheric NO 2 vertical column densities (VCDs) and burned area to identify NO 2 trends and drivers over Africa. Across the northern ecosystems where biomass burning occurs—home to hundreds of millions of people—mean annual tropospheric NO 2 VCDs decreased by 4.5% from 2005 through 2017 during the dry season of November through February. Reductions in burned area explained the majority of variation in NO 2 VCDs, though changes in fossil fuel emissions also explained some variation. Over Africa’s biomass burning regions, raising mean GDP density (USD⋅km −2 ) above its lowest levels is associated with lower NO 2 VCDs during the dry season, suggesting that economic development mitigates net NO 2 emissions during these highly polluted months. In contrast to the traditional notion that socioeconomic development increases air pollutant concentrations in low- and middle-income nations, our results suggest that countries in Africa’s northern biomass-burning region are following a different pathway during the fire season, resulting in potential air quality benefits. However, these benefits may be lost with increasing fossil fuel use and are absent during the rainy season.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002579118
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 209104-5
    ZDB Id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2009
    In:  Science Vol. 326, No. 5953 ( 2009-10-30), p. 716-718
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 326, No. 5953 ( 2009-10-30), p. 716-718
    Kurzfassung: Evaluating multicomponent climate change mitigation strategies requires knowledge of the diverse direct and indirect effects of emissions. Methane, ozone, and aerosols are linked through atmospheric chemistry so that emissions of a single pollutant can affect several species. We calculated atmospheric composition changes, historical radiative forcing, and forcing per unit of emission due to aerosol and tropospheric ozone precursor emissions in a coupled composition-climate model. We found that gas-aerosol interactions substantially alter the relative importance of the various emissions. In particular, methane emissions have a larger impact than that used in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. Thus, assessments of multigas mitigation policies, as well as any separate efforts to mitigate warming from short-lived pollutants, should include gas-aerosol interactions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1174760
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009
    ZDB Id: 128410-1
    ZDB Id: 2066996-3
    ZDB Id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Epilepsy subtype-specific copy number burden observed in a genome-wide study of 17 458 subjects
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Brain Vol. 143, No. 7 ( 2020-07-01), p. 2106-2118
    Details
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 143, No. 7 ( 2020-07-01), p. 2106-2118
    Kurzfassung: Cytogenic testing is routinely applied in most neurological centres for severe paediatric epilepsies. However, which characteristics of copy number variants (CNVs) confer most epilepsy risk and which epilepsy subtypes carry the most CNV burden, have not been explored on a genome-wide scale. Here, we present the largest CNV investigation in epilepsy to date with 10 712 European epilepsy cases and 6746 ancestry-matched controls. Patients with genetic generalized epilepsy, lesional focal epilepsy, non-acquired focal epilepsy, and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy were included. All samples were processed with the same technology and analysis pipeline. All investigated epilepsy types, including lesional focal epilepsy patients, showed an increase in CNV burden in at least one tested category compared to controls. However, we observed striking differences in CNV burden across epilepsy types and investigated CNV categories. Genetic generalized epilepsy patients have the highest CNV burden in all categories tested, followed by developmental and epileptic encephalopathy patients. Both epilepsy types also show association for deletions covering genes intolerant for truncating variants. Genome-wide CNV breakpoint association showed not only significant loci for genetic generalized and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy patients but also for lesional focal epilepsy patients. With a 34-fold risk for developing genetic generalized epilepsy, we show for the first time that the established epilepsy-associated 15q13.3 deletion represents the strongest risk CNV for genetic generalized epilepsy across the whole genome. Using the human interactome, we examined the largest connected component of the genes overlapped by CNVs in the four epilepsy types. We observed that genetic generalized epilepsy and non-acquired focal epilepsy formed disease modules. In summary, we show that in all common epilepsy types, 1.5–3% of patients carry epilepsy-associated CNVs. The characteristics of risk CNVs vary tremendously across and within epilepsy types. Thus, we advocate genome-wide genomic testing to identify all disease-associated types of CNVs.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa171
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 1474117-9
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Brain Vol. 146, No. 4 ( 2023-04-19), p. 1648-1661
    Details
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 146, No. 4 ( 2023-04-19), p. 1648-1661
    Kurzfassung: Different neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and children and their impact have not been well characterized. We aimed to determine the prevalence of neurological manifestations and in-hospital complications among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and ascertain differences between adults and children. We conducted a prospective multicentre observational study using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) cohort across 1507 sites worldwide from 30 January 2020 to 25 May 2021. Analyses of neurological manifestations and neurological complications considered unadjusted prevalence estimates for predefined patient subgroups, and adjusted estimates as a function of patient age and time of hospitalization using generalized linear models. Overall, 161 239 patients (158 267 adults; 2972 children) hospitalized with COVID-19 and assessed for neurological manifestations and complications were included. In adults and children, the most frequent neurological manifestations at admission were fatigue (adults: 37.4%; children: 20.4%), altered consciousness (20.9%; 6.8%), myalgia (16.9%; 7.6%), dysgeusia (7.4%; 1.9%), anosmia (6.0%; 2.2%) and seizure (1.1%; 5.2%). In adults, the most frequent in-hospital neurological complications were stroke (1.5%), seizure (1%) and CNS infection (0.2%). Each occurred more frequently in intensive care unit (ICU) than in non-ICU patients. In children, seizure was the only neurological complication to occur more frequently in ICU versus non-ICU (7.1% versus 2.3%, P & lt; 0.001). Stroke prevalence increased with increasing age, while CNS infection and seizure steadily decreased with age. There was a dramatic decrease in stroke over time during the pandemic. Hypertension, chronic neurological disease and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were associated with increased risk of stroke. Altered consciousness was associated with CNS infection, seizure and stroke. All in-hospital neurological complications were associated with increased odds of death. The likelihood of death rose with increasing age, especially after 25 years of age. In conclusion, adults and children have different neurological manifestations and in-hospital complications associated with COVID-19. Stroke risk increased with increasing age, while CNS infection and seizure risk decreased with age.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac332
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 1474117-9
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2018
    In:  Science Vol. 360, No. 6395 ( 2018-06-22)
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 360, No. 6395 ( 2018-06-22)
    Kurzfassung: Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aap8757
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 128410-1
    ZDB Id: 2066996-3
    ZDB Id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Functional and Evolutionary Insights from the Genomes of Three Parasitoid Nasonia Species
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2010
    In:  Science Vol. 327, No. 5963 ( 2010-01-15), p. 343-348
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 327, No. 5963 ( 2010-01-15), p. 343-348
    Kurzfassung: We report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: Nasonia vitripennis , N. giraulti , and N. longicornis . Parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and Nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. Key findings include the identification of a functional DNA methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse venoms; lateral gene transfers among Pox viruses, Wolbachia , and Nasonia ; and the rapid evolution of genes involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions that are implicated in speciation. Newly developed genome resources advance Nasonia for genetic research, accelerate mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci, and will ultimately provide tools and knowledge for further increasing the utility of parasitoids as pest insect-control agents.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1178028
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2010
    ZDB Id: 128410-1
    ZDB Id: 2066996-3
    ZDB Id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2018
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 115, No. 22 ( 2018-05-29)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, No. 22 ( 2018-05-29)
    Kurzfassung: Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and intracranial volume. Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets ( n = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing significant, replicable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718418115
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 209104-5
    ZDB Id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Clinical, serological and genetic predictors of response to immunotherapy in anti-IgLON5 disease
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Brain Vol. 146, No. 2 ( 2023-02-13), p. 600-611
    Details
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 146, No. 2 ( 2023-02-13), p. 600-611
    Kurzfassung: Anti-IgLON5 disease is a newly defined clinical entity characterized by a progressive course with high disability and mortality rate. While precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear, features characteristic of both autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases were reported. Data on immunotherapy are limited, and its efficacy remains controversial. In this study, we retrospectively investigated an anti-IgLON5 disease cohort with special focus on clinical, serological and genetic predictors of the immunotherapy response and long-term outcome. Patients were recruited from the GENERATE (German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis) registry. Along with clinical parameters, anti-IgLON5 immunoglobulin (Ig)G in serum and CSF, anti-IgLON5 IgG1-4, IgA and IgM in serum, neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum as well as human leukocyte antigen-genotypes were determined. We identified 53 patients (symptom onset 63.8 ± 10.3 years, female:male 1:1.5). The most frequent initial clinical presentations were bulbar syndrome, hyperkinetic syndrome or isolated sleep disorder [at least one symptom present in 38% (20/53)]. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of patients had a generalized multi-systemic phenotype; nevertheless, 21% (11/53) still had an isolated brainstem syndrome and/ or a characteristic sleep disorder only. About one third of patients [28% (15/53)] reported subacute disease onset and 51% (27/53) relapse-like exacerbations during the disease course. Inflammatory CSF changes were evident in 37% (19/51) and increased blood-CSF-barrier permeability in 46% (21/46). CSF cell count significantly decreased, while serum anti-IgLON5 IgG titre increased with disease duration. The presence of human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*10:01 [55% (24/44)] was associated with higher serum anti-IgLON5 IgG titres. Neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum were substantially increased (71.1 ± 103.9 pg/ml and 126.7 ± 73.3 pg/ml, respectively). First-line immunotherapy of relapse-like acute-to-subacute exacerbation episodes resulted in improvement in 41% (11/27) of patients and early initiation within the first 6 weeks was a predictor for therapy response. Sixty-eight per cent (36/53) of patients were treated with long-term immunotherapy and 75% (27/36) of these experienced no further disease progression (observation period of 20.2 ± 15.4 months). Long-term immunotherapy initiation during the first year after onset and low pre-treatment neurofilament light chain were significant predictors for a better outcome. In conclusion, subacute disease onset and early inflammatory CSF changes support the primary role of autoimmune mechanisms at least at initial stages of anti-IgLON5 disease. Early immunotherapy, prior to advanced neurodegeneration, is associated with a better long-term clinical outcome. Low serum neurofilament light chain at treatment initiation may serve as a potential biomarker of the immunotherapy response.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac090
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 1474117-9
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A genome-wide association study in autoimmune neurological syndromes with anti-GAD65 autoantibodies
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Brain Vol. 146, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 977-990
    Details
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 146, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 977-990
    Kurzfassung: Autoimmune neurological syndromes (AINS) with autoantibodies against the 65 kDa isoform of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) present with limbic encephalitis, including temporal lobe seizures or epilepsy, cerebellitis with ataxia, and stiff-person-syndrome or overlap forms. Anti-GAD65 autoantibodies are also detected in autoimmune diabetes mellitus, which has a strong genetic susceptibility conferred by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA genomic regions. We investigated the genetic predisposition in patients with anti-GAD65 AINS. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and an association analysis of the HLA region in a large German cohort of 1214 individuals. These included 167 patients with anti-GAD65 AINS, recruited by the German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis (GENERATE), and 1047 individuals without neurological or endocrine disease as population-based controls. Predictions of protein expression changes based on GWAS findings were further explored and validated in the CSF proteome of a virtually independent cohort of 10 patients with GAD65-AINS and 10 controls. Our GWAS identified 16 genome-wide significant (P & lt; 5 × 10−8) loci for the susceptibility to anti-GAD65 AINS. The top variant, rs2535288 [P = 4.42 × 10−16, odds ratio (OR) = 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.187–0.358], localized to an intergenic segment in the middle of the HLA class I region. The great majority of variants in these loci ( & gt;90%) mapped to non-coding regions of the genome. Over 40% of the variants have known regulatory functions on the expression of 48 genes in disease relevant cells and tissues, mainly CD4+ T cells and the cerebral cortex. The annotation of epigenomic marks suggested specificity for neural and immune cells. A network analysis of the implicated protein-coding genes highlighted the role of protein kinase C beta (PRKCB) and identified an enrichment of numerous biological pathways participating in immunity and neural function. Analysis of the classical HLA alleles and haplotypes showed no genome-wide significant associations. The strongest associations were found for the DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:02-DRB1*04:01HLA haplotype (P = 4.39 × 10−4, OR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.499–4.157) and DRB1*04:01 allele (P = 8.3 × 10−5, OR = 2.4, 95%CI = 1.548–3.682) identified in our cohort. As predicted, the CSF proteome showed differential levels of five proteins (HLA-A/B, C4A, ATG4D and NEO1) of expression quantitative trait loci genes from our GWAS in the CSF proteome of anti-GAD65 AINS. These findings suggest a strong genetic predisposition with direct functional implications for immunity and neural function in anti-GAD65 AINS, mainly conferred by genomic regions outside the classical HLA alleles.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac119
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 1474117-9
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hypomorphic mutations in POLR3A are a frequent cause of sporadic and recessive spastic ataxia
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  Brain Vol. 140, No. 6 ( 2017-06-01), p. 1561-1578
    Details
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 140, No. 6 ( 2017-06-01), p. 1561-1578
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx095
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2017
    ZDB Id: 1474117-9
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...