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  • 1
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    BioDeepTime: A database of biodiversity time series for modern and fossil assemblages
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 32, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 1680-1689
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 1680-1689
    Kurzfassung: We have little understanding of how communities respond to varying magnitudes and rates of environmental perturbations across temporal scales. BioDeepTime harmonizes assemblage time series of presence and abundance data to help facilitate investigations of community dynamics across timescales and the response of communities to natural and anthropogenic stressors. BioDeepTime includes time series of terrestrial and aquatic assemblages of varying spatial and temporal grain and extent from the present‐day to millions of years ago. Main Types of Variables Included BioDeepTime currently contains 7,437,847 taxon records from 10,062 assemblage time series, each with a minimum of 10 time steps. Age constraints, sampling method, environment and taxonomic scope are provided for each time series. Spatial Location and Grain The database includes 8752 unique sampling locations from freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Spatial grain represented by individual samples varies from quadrats on the order of several cm 2 to grid cells of ~100 km 2 . Time Period and Grain BioDeepTime in aggregate currently spans the last 451 million years, with the 10,062 modern and fossil assemblage time series ranging in extent from years to millions of years. The median extent of modern time series is 18.7 years and for fossil series is 54,872 years. Temporal grain, the time encompassed by individual samples, ranges from days to tens of thousands of years. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database contains information on 28,777 unique taxa with 4,769,789 records at the species level and another 271,218 records known to the genus level, including time series of benthic and planktonic foraminifera, coccolithophores, diatoms, ostracods, plants (pollen), radiolarians and other invertebrates and vertebrates. There are to date 7012 modern and 3050 fossil time series in BioDeepTime. Software Format SQLite, Comma‐separated values.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v32.10
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.13735
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 1479787-2
    ZDB Id: 2021283-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Phanerozoic Trends in the Global Diversity of Marine Invertebrates
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2008
    In:  Science Vol. 321, No. 5885 ( 2008-07-04), p. 97-100
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 321, No. 5885 ( 2008-07-04), p. 97-100
    Kurzfassung: It has previously been thought that there was a steep Cretaceous and Cenozoic radiation of marine invertebrates. This pattern can be replicated with a new data set of fossil occurrences representing 3.5 million specimens, but only when older analytical protocols are used. Moreover, analyses that employ sampling standardization and more robust counting methods show a modest rise in diversity with no clear trend after the mid-Cretaceous. Globally, locally, and at both high and low latitudes, diversity was less than twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid-Paleozoic. The ratio of global to local richness has changed little, and a latitudinal diversity gradient was present in the early Paleozoic.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1156963
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008
    ZDB Id: 128410-1
    ZDB Id: 2066996-3
    ZDB Id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
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    Historical ecology of a biological invasion: the interplay of eutrophication and pollution determines time lags in establishment and detection
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Biological Invasions Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2018-6), p. 1417-1430
    Details
    In: Biological Invasions, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2018-6), p. 1417-1430
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1387-3547 , 1573-1464
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1634-7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 2014991-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Beyond Bergmann's rule: size-latitude relationships in marine Bivalvia world-wide : Size-latitude trends in bivalves
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2013-02), p. 173-183
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2013-02), p. 173-183
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1466-822X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00775.x
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2013
    ZDB Id: 1479787-2
    ZDB Id: 2021283-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Trait‐based range expansion aided in the global radiation of Crocodylidae
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 28, No. 9 ( 2019-09), p. 1244-1258
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 9 ( 2019-09), p. 1244-1258
    Kurzfassung: Almost half of the extant species of Crocodylia (nine genera, sensu Benton & Clark) belong to the genus  Crocodylus , which originated in the Miocene. Today, this genus has a circumtropical distribution, with representatives found in Asia, Oceania, Africa and the Neotropics. However, its geographical origin and the historical events behind its rapid diversification and global radiation are still debated. Here, we inferred the evolution of a set of life traits that aid in dispersal and how they influenced the biogeography of Crocodylus . Location Global. Time period Cretaceous to the present. Major taxa studied Crocodylidae. Methods We estimated biogeographical history on a published phylogeny using probabilistic biogeography models. Next, we identified four life traits likely to promote range expansion and used a trait‐based dispersal model jointly to infer evolution of these traits and their influence on the dispersal of crocodilians. Finally, we used diversification analyses to identify shifts in diversification rates. Results An Asian origin was reconstructed for Crocodylus . Despite the small size of the phylogeny, statistical model comparison reports substantially improved the model fit of trait‐dependent over trait‐independent dispersal models. In individual tests, the four life traits considered (salt tolerance, large size, large clutches and habitat generalism) appear to be correlated statistically with higher dispersal probabilities. However, the traits are likely to be correlated with each other, and we hypothesize that they all reflect the gradual evolution of a range‐expansion phenotype in early Crocodylus that resulted in increased diversification of the clade. Main conclusions Increased dispersal in the genus  Crocodylus was associated with the gradual evolution of a range‐expansion phenotype. Interestingly, the evolution of the range‐expansion phenotype was also associated with the diversification of the genus in a period of global crocodilian extinction, indicating that range expansion might have served as a potential driver of speciation. This suggests that the concept of “spatial sorting”, normally applied at the population genetic level at the leading edge of an expanding population, might also act on a macroevolutionary scale.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v28.9
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.12929
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 1479787-2
    ZDB Id: 2021283-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Null models for community dynamics: Beware of the cyclic shift algorithm
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 1085-1093
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 1085-1093
    Kurzfassung: Temporal patterns of community dynamics are drawing increasing interest due to their potential to shed light on assembly processes and anthropogenic effects. However, interpreting such patterns considerably benefits from comparing observed dynamics to the reference of a null model. For that aim, the cyclic shift permutations algorithm, which generates randomized null communities based on empirically observed time series, has recently been proposed. This algorithm, borrowed from the spatial analysis literature, shifts each species time series randomly in time, and this is claimed to preserve the temporal autocorrelation of single species. Hence it has been used to test the significance of various community patterns, in particular excessive compositional changes, biodiversity trends and community stability. Innovation Here I critically study the properties of the cyclic shift algorithm for the first time. I show that, unlike previously suggested, this algorithm does not preserve temporal autocorrelation due to the need to ‘wrap’ the time series and assign the last observations to the first years. Moreover, this algorithm scrambles the initial state of the community, making any dynamics that result from deviations from equilibrium seem excessive. I exemplify that these two issues lead to a highly elevated type I error rate in tests for excessive compositional changes and richness trends. Conclusions Caution is needed when using the cyclic shift permutation algorithm and interpreting results obtained using it. Interpretation is further complicated because the algorithm removes all correlations between species. I suggest guidelines for using this method and discuss several possible alternative approaches. The non‐preservation of autocorrelation also raises questions regarding the use of the analogous spatial null model, the torus‐translation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v29.6
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.13083
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 1479787-2
    ZDB Id: 2021283-5
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Scale dependence of temporal biodiversity change in modern and fossil marine plankton
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 1008-1019
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 1008-1019
    Kurzfassung: Biodiversity dynamics comprise evolutionary and ecological changes on multiple temporal scales from millions of years to decades, but they are often interpreted within a single time frame. Planktonic foraminifera communities offer a unique opportunity for analysing the dynamics of marine biodiversity over different temporal scales. Our study aims to provide a baseline for assessments of biodiversity patterns over multiple time‐scales, which is urgently needed to interpret biodiversity responses to increasing anthropogenic pressure. Location Global (26 sites). Time period Five time‐scales: multi‐million‐year (0–7 Myr), million‐year (0–0.5 Myr), multi‐millennial (0–15 thousand years), millennial (0–1,100 years) and decadal (0–32 years). Major taxa studied Planktonic foraminifera. Methods We analysed community composition of planktonic foraminifera at five time‐scales, combining measures of standing diversity (richness and effective number of species, ENS) with measures of temporal community turnover (presence–absence‐based, dominance‐based). Observed biodiversity patterns were compared with the outcome of a neutral model to separate the effects of sampling resolution (the highest in the shortest time series) from biological responses. Results Richness and ENS decreased from multi‐million‐year to millennial time‐scales, but higher standing diversity was observed on the decadal scale. As predicted by the neutral model, turnover in species identity and dominance was strongest at the multi‐million‐year time‐scale and decreased towards the millennial scale. However, contrary to the model predictions, modern time series show rapid decadal variation in the dominance structure of foraminifera communities, which is of comparable magnitude as over much longer time periods. Community turnover was significantly correlated with global temperature change, but not on the shortest time‐scale. Main conclusions Biodiversity patterns can be to some degree predicted from the scaling effects related to different durations of time series, but changes in the dominance structure observed over the last few decades reach higher magnitude, probably forced by anthropogenic effects, than those observed over much longer durations.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v29.6
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.13078
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 1479787-2
    ZDB Id: 2021283-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Effects of a high-risk environment on edge-drilling behavior: inference from Recent bivalves from the Red Sea
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Paleobiology Vol. 40, No. 1 ( 2014), p. 34-49
    Details
    In: Paleobiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 40, No. 1 ( 2014), p. 34-49
    Kurzfassung: Edge-drilling is an unusual predation pattern in which a predatory gastropod drills a hole on the commissure between the valves of a bivalve. Although it is faster than wall drilling, it involves the potential risk of amputating the drilling organ. We therefore hypothesize that this risky strategy is advantageous only in environments where predators face high competition or predation pressure while feeding. The high frequency of edge-drilling (EDF, relative to the total number of drilled valves) in a diverse Recent bivalve assemblage from the Red Sea enables us to test this hypothesis, predicting (1) a low EDF in infaunal groups, (2) a high EDF in bivalves with elongated shape, (3) high incidence of edge-drilling in groups showing a high wall-drilling frequency, and (4) high EDF in shallow habitats. We evaluate these predictions based on 〉 15,000 bivalve specimens. Among ecological attributes, we found substrate affinity and predation intensity of a species to be good predictors of edge-drilling incidence. Infaunal taxa with high length/width ratio have a low EDF, in accordance with our predictions. Predation intensity is also a significant predictor of edge-drilling; groups with high predation intensity show higher incidence of edge-drilling, confirming our prediction. Although water depth fails to show any significant effect on EDF, this analysis generally supports the high-risk hypothesis of edge-drilling incidence because shallow depths have considerable microhabitat variability. Classically the drill hole site selection has often been linked to predatory behavior. Our study indicates that prey attributes are also crucial in dictating the behavioral traits of a driller such as site selection. This calls for considering such details of the prey to fully understand predation in modern and fossil habitats. Moreover, this perspective is important for tackling the longstanding riddle of the limited temporal and spatial distribution of edge-drilling.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0094-8373 , 1938-5331
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1666/13024
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014
    ZDB Id: 2052186-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 9
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    Inferring skeletal production from time-averaged assemblages: skeletal loss pulls the timing of production pulses towards the modern period
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Paleobiology Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2016-02), p. 54-76
    Details
    In: Paleobiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2016-02), p. 54-76
    Kurzfassung: Age-frequency distributions of dead skeletal material on the landscape or seabed—information on the time that has elapsed since the death of individuals—provide decadal- to millennial-scale perspectives both on the history of production and on the processes that lead to skeletal disintegration and burial. So far, however, models quantifying the dynamics of skeletal loss have assumed that skeletal production is constant during time-averaged accumulation. Here, to improve inferences in conservation paleobiology and historical ecology, we evaluate the joint effects of temporally variable production and skeletal loss on postmortem age-frequency distributions (AFDs) to determine how to detect fluctuations in production over the recent past from AFDs. We show that, relative to the true timing of past production pulses, the modes of AFDs will be shifted to younger age cohorts, causing the true age of past pulses to be underestimated. This shift in the apparent timing of a past pulse in production will be stronger where loss rates are high and/or the rate of decline in production is slow; also, a single pulse coupled with a declining loss rate can, under some circumstances, generate a bimodal distribution. We apply these models to death assemblages of the bivalve Nuculana taphria from the Southern California continental shelf, finding that: (1) an onshore-offshore gradient in time averaging is dominated by a gradient in the timing of production, reflecting the tracking of shallow-water habitats under a sea-level rise, rather than by a gradient in disintegration and sequestration rates, which remain constant with water depth; and (2) loss-corrected model-based estimates of the timing of past production are in good agreement with likely past changes in local production based on an independent sea-level curve.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0094-8373 , 1938-5331
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/pab.2015.30
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016
    ZDB Id: 2052186-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 10
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    Taxonomic and numerical sufficiency in depth- and salinity-controlled marine paleocommunities
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  Paleobiology Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2017-08), p. 463-478
    Details
    In: Paleobiology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2017-08), p. 463-478
    Kurzfassung: Numerical and taxonomic resolution of compositional data sets affects investigators’ abilities to detect and measure relationships between communities and environmental factors. We test whether varying numerical (untransformed, square-root- and fourth-root-transformed relative abundance and presence–absence data) and taxonomic (species, genera, families) resolutions reveals different insights into early to middle Miocene molluscan communities along bathymetric and salinity gradients. The marine subtidal has a more even species-abundance distribution, a higher number of rare species, and higher species:family and species:genus ratios than the three habitats—marine and estuarine intertidal, estuarine subtidal—with higher fluctuations in salinity and other physical parameters. Taxonomic aggregation and numerical transformation of data result in very different ordinations, although all habitats differ significantly from one another at all taxonomic and numerical levels. Rank correlations between species-level and higher-taxon, among-sample dissimilarities are very high for proportional abundance and decrease strongly with increasing numerical transformation, most notably in the two intertidal habitats. The proportion of variation explained by depth is highest for family-level data, decreases gradually with numerical transformation, and is higher in marine than in estuarine habitats. The proportion of variation explained by salinity is highest for species-level data, increases gradually with numerical transformation, and is higher in subtidal than in intertidal habitats. Therefore, there is no single best numerical and taxonomic resolution for the discrimination of communities along environmental gradients: the “best” resolution depends on the environmental factor considered and the nature of community response to it. Different numerical and taxonomic transformations capture unique aspects of metacommunity assembly along environmental gradients that are not detectable at a single level of resolution. We suggest that simultaneous analyses of community gradients at multiple taxonomic and numerical resolutions provide novel insights into processes responsible for spatial and temporal community stability.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0094-8373 , 1938-5331
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/pab.2016.49
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publikationsdatum: 2017
    ZDB Id: 2052186-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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