Note: Front Cover -- Animal Memory -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1. FORGETTING OF LONG-TERM MEMORIES IN ANIMALS -- I. What-If Anything-Is Forgotten? -- II. The Why of Forgetting -- III. Summary -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. FORGETTING AS RETRIEVAL FAILURE -- I. Theoretical Framework -- II. Measures of Forgetting: "Lapses" and "Losses -- III . Modifications of Interference with Increasing Retention Intervals: Proactive Interference -- IV. Retention Loss over Intermediate Intervals -- V. General Discussion -- VI. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. MEMORY AND LEARNING: A SEQUENTIAL VIEWPOINT -- PART I -- I. Historical Background -- II. Varieties of Models -- III. Memories as Internal Stimuli: Objections to This View -- IV. What Is Learned: Two Points of View -- V. Objections to the Sequential Analysis -- PART II -- I. Experiment 1: Long UFs, Irregular Schedules, and Magnitude of Reward -- II. Experiment 2: N-Length vs. Number of Nonrewards -- III. Experiment 3: Small Trial PRE: N-Length without Prior Reward -- IV. Experiment 4: Discrimination Learning -- V. Conclusions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. THE ROLE OF INTERFERENCE IN ASSOCIATION OVER A DELAY -- I. Introduction -- II. Associative Memory and Retentive Memory -- III. Concurrent Interference -- IV. Delay of Reinforcement in Instrumental Learning -- V. Relevance -- VI. Concurrent Interference in Flavor-Toxicosis Associations -- VII. Summary -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. MODIFICATION OF MEMORY STORAGE PROCESSES -- I. Neurobiological Correlates of Learning and Memory: Problem of Permanence -- II. Experimental Analysis of Time-Dependent Processes of Memory Storage -- III. Pennanence of Treatment Effects -- IV. Nature of the Treatment Gradient -- V. Drug Facilitation of Memory Storage. , VI. Time vs. Events As Determinants of the Treatment Gradients -- VII. Relationships among Memory Storage Processes -- VIII. A Storage and a Retrieval Effect of ECS -- IX. Neurobiological Bases of Treatments -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS ON LONG-TERM MEMORY FORMATION IN THE GOLDFISH -- I. Introduction -- II. The Antibiotic Inhibitors of Macromolecular Synthesis -- III. Effects of Antibiotics on Leaming and Memory in the Goldfish -- IV. Possible Mechanisms -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. SOME ISSUES RELATING ANIMAL MEMORY TO HUMAN MEMOR -- I. Introduction -- II. Interference Theory and Animal Memory -- III. Information Processing Models and Animal Memory -- IV. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- AUTHOR INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 The Perception of the Extended Stimulus -- Chapter 2 Absolute and Relational Control in a Temporal Comparison Task -- Chapter 3 Time Present and Time Past -- Chapter 4 Three Psychophysical Principles in the Processing of Spatial and Temporal Information -- Chapter 5 Animals' Perception and Memory For Places -- Chapter 6 Pigeon's Concept of Experienced and Nonexperienced Real-World Locations: Discrimination and Generalization Across Seasonal Variations -- Chapter 7 Stimulus Control of Central Place Foraging on the Radial Maze -- Chapter 8 Spatial Memory Structure and Capacity: Influences on Problem-Solving and Memory-Coding Strategies -- Chapter 9 Landmarks, the Hippocampus, and Spatial Search in Food-Storing Birds -- Chapter 10 Conceptualization of Natural and Artificial Stimuli by Pigeons -- Chapter 11 The Study of Animal Cognitive Processes -- Chapter 12 The Perception of Pitch Constancy in Bird Songs -- Chapter 13 Features of Forms in Pigeon Perception -- Chapter 14 The Visual Perception and Processing of Textures by Pigeons -- Chapter 15 Emergent Properties of Complex Arrays -- Chapter 16 Cognitive Aspects of Movement Estimations: A Test of Imagery in Animals -- Chapter 17 An Ecological Approach to Stimulus Control and Tracking -- Chapter 18 Counting as the Chimpanzee Views It -- Chapter 19 Levels of Organized Behavior in Rats -- Chapter 20 Logical Transitivity in Animals -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 On the Conceptual Nature of Cognitive Terms: An Initial Essay -- I. Some Categories of Psychological Terms -- II.. Some Functions of Cognitive Terms -- Ill. On the Identification of "Cognitive" Concepts -- References -- 2 Some Implications of a Cognitive Perspective on Pavlovian Conditioning -- I. Relations Learned in Pavlovian Conditioning -- II. Relation Between Learning and Responding -- Ill. Representation of the Reinforcer -- IV. A Final Comment on the Description of Conditioning -- References -- 3 Stimulus Relationships and Feature Selection in Learning and Behavior -- I. Introduction -- II. Autoshaping, the Feature-Positive Effect, and Sign Tracking -- Ill. What is Learned in Sign Tracking: Stimulus-Stimulus vs. Response-Stimulus Relations -- IV. The Feature-Positive Effect Revisited -- V. Concluding Comments -- References -- 4 The role of Stimulus Learning in Defensive Behavior -- I. Avoidance: Situational Factors -- II. Avoidance: Freezing· Behavior -- Ill. Avoidance: Stimulus Learning Effects -- IV. Avoidance: Response Learning Effects -- V. Punishment: Response vs. Stimulus Learning -- VI. The Basis of Stimulus Learning -- References -- 5 Cognitive Associations as Evident in the Blocking Effects of Response-Contingent CSs -- I. Introduction -- II. Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer: Background and Methodology -- Ill. Assessment of the CS's Signaling and Affective Properties -- IV. Reinterpretation: Across-Reinforcement Blocking Effects -- V. Blocking and Counterblocking ("Superconditioning") Tests -- VI. Conclusions and Implications -- References -- 6 Cognitive or Associative Theories of Conditioning: Implications of an Analysis of Blocking -- I. Introduction. , II. Blocking as a Problem for Association Theory -- III. Analysis of the Attenuation of Blocking by Surprising Changes in Reinforcement -- IV. Conclusions and Implications -- References -- 7 Expectancies and the Priming of STM -- I. Expectancies and the Priming of STM -- II. The Priming of STM -- Ill. Retrieval-Generated Priming -- IV. Self-Generated Priming -- V. Extrapolation -- VI. Concluding Comments -- References -- 8 Studies of Working Memory in the Pigeon -- I. Working Memory, Reference Memory, and Associative Memory -- II. Three Working-Memory Paradigms -- Ill. The Advance-Key Procedure -- IV. The Modified Advance-Key Procedure -- V. The Control-Key Procedure -- VI. The Functional Characteristics of the Initial Stimulus Period -- VII. The Role of Differential Stimulus Feedback in the Terminal Period -- VIII. General Discussion -- References -- 9 Selective Attention and Related Cognitive Processes in Pigeons -- I. Selective Attention and Related Cognitive Processes in Pigeons -- II. The Analysis of Element-Compound Differences -- Ill. Stimulus Compounds and Information Processing -- IV. The Effect of Sample Exposure Time on Matching Performance -- V. Conclusion -- References -- 10 The Internal Clock -- I. Time as a Stimulus -- II. Explanations of Temporal Discrimination -- Ill. Some Properties of the Internal Clock -- IV. Control of the Internal Clock -- V. Conclusions -- References -- 11 Cognitive Structure and Serial Pattern Learning by Animals -- I. Introduction -- II. Cognitive Structures and Serial Pattern Learning -- Ill. Application of Cognitive Structures to Serial Patterns in Animal Learning -- IV. Patterns of Reinforcement -- V. Mechanisms for Serial Ordering -- VI. Empirical Assessment of Encoding -- VII. The Sensitivity of Animals to Structure -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- 12 Characteristics of Spatial Memory. , I. Introduction -- II. Eight-Arm Maze -- Ill. Comparison to Other Testing Procedures -- IV. Replications and Extensions -- V. Ethological Considerations -- VI. A Model for Spatial Working Memory -- VII. Comparison with Other Models -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- 13 Cognitive Mapping in Chimpanzees -- I. Introduction -- II. Some Observations and Experiments -- Ill. General Conclusions -- References -- 14 On the Abstractness of Human Concepts: Why it would be Difficult to Talk to a Pigeon -- I. Conceptual Abstractness -- II. Genesis of Abstraction -- Ill. Abstraction in Animals -- IV. Match-To-Sample -- V. Absolute Versus Relational Learning -- VI. Are Abstractions the Product of a Burdened Memory? -- VII. Action and Abstraction -- VIII. Natural Concepts in Pigeons -- IX. Second-Order Relations -- X. Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible , Also available as printed version , Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 2001 von Tilmann Rogge , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.

Note: Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible , Also available as printed version , Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 2001 von Kolja Wulff , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.