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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marine Mammals : A Deep Dive into the World of Science (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Zoology. ; Veterinary medicine. ; Freshwater ecology. ; Marine ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Who are the marine mammals? -- Chapter 2. Marine mammal acoustics -- Chapter 3. Whaling, seal culling, and the effect of fisheries on marine mammals -- Chapter 4. Plastic debris and its impacts on marine mammals -- Chapter 5. Chemical pollution and diseases of marine mammals -- Chapter 6. How to become a marine mammal scientist.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 95 p. 32 illus., 30 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031068362
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06836-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06836-2
    Language: English
    Note: Open Access
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marine Mammals : A Deep Dive into the World of Science (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (101 pages)
    ISBN: 9783031068362
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kxp/detail.action?docID=7165648
    Language: English
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 3
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    Fine-scale behavioral reactions of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) towards pingers (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-27
    Description: Observations were made to investigate the behavioral reactions of wild harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) towards pingers (banana pinger (Fishtek)). We did video recordings of 16 wild porpoises with a drone (DJI Phantom 4 Professional v2.0, P4Pv2, www.dji.com) equipped with a polarizing filter (Polarpro ND8-PL). Using the drone flight records and a tailored analysis software, we were able to determine GPS coordinates of the wild porpoises. Data were collected in May and June 2019 in Kerteminde, Denmark. The purpose of the data was to record the behavior of harbor porpoises before and during exposure to pinger sounds.
    Keywords: acoustic deterrent; behavior; bycatch; cetacean; Cetacean sightings; Drone; marine mammal; Phocoena phocoena; pinger
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 220.3 kBytes
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  • 4
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    Field-based hearing measurements of two seabird species (2019)
    The Company of Biologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-12
    Description: Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 222 (2019): jeb190710. doi:10.1242/jeb.190710.
    Description: Hearing is a primary sensory modality for birds. For seabirds, auditory data is challenging to obtain and hearing data are limited. Here, we present methods to measure seabird hearing in the field, using two Alcid species: the common murre Uria aalge and the Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica. Tests were conducted in a portable semi-anechoic crate using physiological auditory evoked potential (AEP) methods. The crate and AEP system were easily transportable to northern Iceland field sites, where wild birds were caught, sedated, studied and released. The resulting data demonstrate the feasibility of a field-based application of an established neurophysiology method, acquiring high quality avian hearing data in a relatively quiet setting. Similar field methods could be applied to other seabirds, and other bird species, resulting in reliable hearing data from a large number of individuals with a modest field effort. The results will provide insights into the sound sensitivity of species facing acoustic habitat degradation.
    Description: This work was supported by the U.S. Navy's Living Marine Resources Program and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Description: 2020-01-03
    Keywords: Noise ; Auditory ; Soundscape ; Evoked potentials ; Masking
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
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    Low-frequency components in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) clicks : communication signal, by-products, or artifacts? (2009)
    Acoustical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124 (2008): 4059-4068, doi:10.1121/1.2945154.
    Description: Underwater sound signals for biosonar and communication normally have different source properties to serve the purposes of generating efficient acoustic backscatter from small objects or conveying information to conspecifics. Harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are nonwhistling toothed whales that produce directional, narrowband, high-frequency (HF) echolocation clicks. This study tests the hypothesis that their 130 kHz HF clicks also contain a low-frequency (LF) component more suited for communication. Clicks from three captive porpoises were analyzed to quantify the LF and HF source properties. The LF component is 59 (S.E.M=1.45 dB) dB lower than the HF component recorded on axis, and even at extreme off-axis angles of up to 135°, the HF component is 9 dB higher than the LF component. Consequently, the active space of the HF component will always be larger than that of the LF component. It is concluded that the LF component is a by-product of the sound generator rather than a dedicated pulse produced to serve communication purposes. It is demonstrated that distortion and clipping in analog tape recorders can explain some of the prominent LF components reported in earlier studies, emphasizing the risk of erroneous classification of sound types based on recording artifacts.
    Description: This work was supported by the Carlsberg Foundation and Oticon, and via a Steno Scholarship from the Danish Natural Science Research Council to PTM.
    Keywords: Bioacoustics ; Mechanoception ; Underwater sound ; Zoology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Transmission loss patterns from acoustic harassment and deterrent devices do not always follow geometrical spreading predictions (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Mammal Science 25 (2009): 53-67, doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00243.x.
    Description: Acoustic harassment and deterrent devices have become increasingly popular mitigation tools for negotiating the impacts of marine mammals on fisheries. The rationale for their variable effectiveness remains unexplained but high variability in the surrounding acoustic field may be relevant. In the present study, the sound fields of one acoustic harassment device and three acoustic deterrent devices were measured at three study sites along the Scandinavian coast. Superimposed onto an overall trend of decreasing sound exposure levels with increasing range were large local variations in sound level for all sources in each of the environments. This variability was likely caused by source directionality, inter-ping source level variation and multi-path interference. Rapid and unpredictable variations in the sound level as a function of range deviated from expectations derived from spherical and cylindrical spreading models and conflicted with the classic concept of concentric zones of increasing disturbance with decreasing range. Under such conditions, animals may encounter difficulties when trying to determine the direction to and location of a sound source, which may complicate or jeopardize avoidance responses.
    Description: The project was funded by the Swedish Fishermen Association, the Swedish Board of Fisheries, Aage V. Jensen Foundations, Danish Forest and Nature Agency, The Nordic Research Council and the Carlsberg Foundation. Additional logistical support was furnished by the Oticon Foundation and Reson A/S. A.D. Shapiro received financial support from the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and the WHOI Academic Programs Office. 356
    Keywords: Acoustic harassment device (AHD) ; Acoustic deterrent device (ADD) ; Non-geometrical acoustic spreading ; Sound exposure level ; Multi-path interference ; Marine mammal-fisheries interactions ; By-catch
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 7
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    Vessel noise effects on delphinid communication (2011)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 395 (2009): 161-175, doi:10.3354/meps08204.
    Description: Increasing numbers and speeds of vessels in areas with populations of cetaceans may have the cumulative effect of reducing habitat quality by increasing the underwater noise level. Here, we first use digital acoustic tags to demonstrate that free-ranging delphinids in a coastal deep-water habitat are subjected to varying and occasionally intense levels of vessel noise. Vessel noise and sound propagation measurements from a shallow-water habitat are then used to model the potential impact of high sound levels from small vessels on delphinid communication in both shallow and deep habitats, with bottlenose dolphins Tursiops sp. and short-finned pilot whales Globicephala macrorhynchus as model organisms. We find that small vessels travelling at 5 knots in shallow water can reduce the communication range of bottlenose dolphins within 50 m by 26%. Pilot whales in a quieter deep-water habitat could suffer a reduction in their communication range of 58% caused by a vessel at similar range and speed. Increased cavitation noise at higher speeds drastically increases the impact on the communication range. Gear shifts generate high-level transient sounds (peak– peak source levels of up to 200 dB re 1 µPa) that may be audible over many kilometres and may disturb close-range animals. We conclude that noise from small vessels can significantly mask acoustically mediated communication in delphinids and contribute to the documented negative impacts on animal fitness.
    Description: This work was supported by the PhD School of Aquatic Sciences (SOAS), Aarhus University, DK, WWF Verdensnaturfonden and Aase & Ejnar Danielsens Foundation, the Siemens Foundation, a research agreement between La Laguna University and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the Faculty of Science at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, and the Danish Natural Science Foundation via a Steno scholarship and frame grants to P.T.M. M.J. and N.A. were funded by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program.
    Keywords: Acoustic communication ; Vessel noise ; Masking ; Bottlenose dolphins ; Pilot whales ; Recreational vessels ; Whale watching
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 8
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    Recording and quantification of ultrasonic echolocation clicks from free-ranging toothed whales (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 54 (2007): 1421-1444, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.04.020.
    Description: Toothed whales produce short, ultrasonic clicks of high directionality and source level to probe their environment acoustically. This process, termed echolocation, is to a large part governed by the properties of the emitted clicks. Therefore derivation of click source parameters from free-ranging animals is of increasing importance to understand both how toothed whales use echolocation in the wild and how they may be monitored acoustically. This paper addresses how source parameters can be derived from free-ranging toothed whales in the wild using calibrated multi-hydrophone arrays and digital recorders. We outline the properties required of hydrophones, amplifiers and analog to digital converters, and discuss the problems of recording echolocation clicks on the axis of a directional sound beam. For accurate localization the hydrophone array apertures must be adapted and scaled to the behavior of, and the range to, the clicking animal, and precise information on hydrophone locations is critical. We provide examples of localization routines and outline sources of error that lead to uncertainties in localizing clicking animals in time and space. Furthermore we explore approaches to time series analysis of discrete versions of toothed whale clicks that are meaningful in a biosonar context.
    Description: This work was supported by a Steno Fellowship from the Danish National Science Foundation to PTM, a grant from the Carlsberg Foundation to MW with additional support to the authors from Reson, the Novo Nordisk Science Foundation, Aarhus University Research Fund, and the Oticon Foundation.
    Keywords: Toothed whale ; Ultrasound ; Recording ; Click ; Hydrophone ; Array ; Echolocation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 9
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    Wind turbine underwater noise and marine mammals : implications of current knowledge and data needs (2011)
    Inter-Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 309 (2006): 279-295, doi:10.3354/meps309279.
    Description: The demand for renewable energy has led to construction of offshore wind farms with high-power turbines, and many more wind farms are being planned for the shallow waters of the world’s marine habitats. The growth of offshore wind farms has raised concerns about their impact on the marine environment. Marine mammals use sound for foraging, orientation and communication and are therefore possibly susceptible to negative effects of man-made noise generated from constructing and operating large offshore wind turbines. This paper reviews the existing literature and assesses zones of impact from different noise-generating activities in conjunction with wind farms on 4 representative shallow-water species of marine mammals. Construction involves many types of activities that can generate high sound pressure levels, and pile-driving seems to be the noisiest of all. Both the literature and modeling show that pile-driving and other activities that generate intense impulses during construction are likely to disrupt the behavior of marine mammals at ranges of many kilometers, and that these activities have the potential to induce hearing impairment at close range. The reported noise levels from operating wind turbines are low, and are unlikely to impair hearing in marine mammals. The impact zones for marine mammals from operating wind turbines depend on the low-frequency hearing-abilities of the species in question, on sound-propagation conditions, and on the presence of other noise sources such as shipping. The noise impact on marine mammals is more severe during the construction of wind farms than during their operation.
    Description: This study was funded by Massachusetts Technology Collaborative grant # OWEC-05-02. M.W. was funded by the Carlsberg Foundation. The work of K.L. was partially supported by the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation through the German Ministry for the Environment.
    Keywords: Marine mammal ; Wind turbine ; Pile-driving ; Underwater noise ; Impact zones ; Masking
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 10
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    Estimated communication range and energetic cost of bottlenose dolphin whistles in a tropical habitat (2012)
    Acoustical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131 (2012): 582-592, doi:10.1121/1.3662067.
    Description: Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) depend on frequency-modulated whistles for many aspects of their social behavior, including group cohesion and recognition of familiar individuals. Vocalization amplitude and frequency influences communication range and may be shaped by many ecological and physiological factors including energetic costs. Here, a calibrated GPS-synchronized hydrophone array was used to record the whistles of bottlenose dolphins in a tropical shallow-water environment with high ambient noise levels. Acoustic localization techniques were used to estimate the source levels and energy content of individual whistles. Bottlenose dolphins produced whistles with mean source levels of 146.7±6.2 dB re. 1 μPa(RMS). These were lower than source levels estimated for a population inhabiting the quieter Moray Firth, indicating that dolphins do not necessarily compensate for the high noise levels found in noisy tropical habitats by increasing their source level. Combined with measured transmission loss and noise levels, these source levels provided estimated median communication ranges of 750 m and maximum communication ranges up to 5740 m. Whistles contained less than 17 mJ of acoustic energy, showing that the energetic cost of whistling is small compared to the high metabolic rate of these aquatic mammals, and unlikely to limit the vocal activity of toothed whales.
    Description: This study received support from the Danish Ph.D. School of Aquatic Sciences (SOAS), Aarhus University, DK, WWF Verdensnaturfonden and Aase & Ejnar Danielsens Foundation, the Siemens Foundation, the Faculty of Science at the University of Aarhus, DK, and the Danish Natural Science Foundation via a Steno scholarship and a logistics grant to PTM.
    Keywords: Acoustic arrays ; Acoustic noise ; Acoustic radiators ; Acoustic variables measurement ; Acoustic wave transmission ; Biocommunications ; Global Positioning System ; Hydrophones ; Underwater sound
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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