Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- References -- 2 The OTS in Central Oxford -- Abstract -- References -- 3 Reduced Traffic Congestion and Air Pollution -- Abstract -- References -- 4 Implications for Urban Sustainability -- Abstract -- References -- 5 Further Pollution Reduction -- Abstract -- References -- 6 Energy Conservation -- Abstract -- References -- 7 Implications -- Abstract -- References -- 8 Conclusions -- Abstract -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Theoretical Framework -- 1.3 Conceptual Framework -- 1.3.1 Equations -- 1.3.2 Data Sources -- 1.4 Quality Analysis -- 1.4.1 Criticisms -- 1.4.2 (Spatial) Scale -- 1.4.3 Aggregation -- 1.4.4 Data Quality -- 1.4.4.1 Quality Scores -- 1.5 Brief Aims -- 1.6 Conclusions -- Appendix 1.1: Footprint Calculator Survey (in English) -- References -- Chapter 2: The Ecological Footprint -- 2.1 Ecological Footprint Evolution -- 2.2 Sustainability Metrics -- 2.3 Systems Approach -- 2.4 Integrated Sustainability -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Biocapacity Accounting -- 3.1 Biocapacity as `Carrying Capacity´ -- 3.2 Framing Production -- 3.3 Ecological Overshoot -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Case Study - Methods -- 4.1 Research Question -- 4.2 Case Aim and Objectives -- 4.3 Study Area Sampling -- 4.4 Data Collection -- 4.4.1 (1) Informed Consent -- 4.4.2 (2) Demographics -- 4.4.3 (3) Farmers´ Surveys -- 4.4.4 (4) Follow-up Interviews -- 4.4.5 (5) Wrap-Up -- 4.5 Data Analysis -- Appendix 4.1: Fieldwork Datasheet -- References -- Chapter 5: Case Study - Findings -- 5.1 Findings with Discussion -- 5.2 Demographics -- 5.3 Farmers´ Surveys -- 5.4 Follow-up Interviews -- 5.4.1 Q1: What Type of Crops Do You Grow, and in What Proportion? -- 5.4.2 Q2: How Much Do You Grow in a Year? -- 5.4.3 Q3: Where Do You Sell Your Crops? -- 5.4.4 Q4: Are You Participating in Fair Trade or Organic Farming? -- 5.4.5 Q5: Do You Use Fertilisers or Pesticides? -- 5.4.6 Q6: Do You Benefit from Payments for Ecosystem Services? -- 5.4.7 Q7: Have You Ever Been Approached Before to Complete a Survey or an Interview? -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Implications -- 6.1 Results for the Corridor -- 6.1.1 Error Analysis -- 6.2 Solutions. , 6.3 Lessons Learned -- 6.3.1 Sensitivity Analysis -- 6.4 Contributions -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Conclusion -- 7.1 Contribution -- 7.2 Limitations -- 7.3 Future Research -- 7.4 Recommendations -- 7.4.1 Applying the Footprint Calculator -- 7.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- 1.1 Methodological Framework in this Study -- 1.2 Scope of this Brief -- References -- 2 Coastal Communities in Atlantic Canada -- Abstract -- 2.1 Demographics -- 2.2 Discussion -- References -- 3 Background Research -- Abstract -- 3.1 Participatory Action Research -- References -- 4 Methodology -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Selecting the Communities in Atlantic Canada -- 4.1.2 First Series of Interviews -- 4.1.3 Interventions and PAR -- 4.1.4 Second Series of Interviews -- 4.2 Discussion -- References -- 5 Findings from Initial Interviews -- Abstract -- 5.1 Experience with 2010-2011 Major Storm Events -- 5.2 Psychosocial Barriers to Change -- 5.3 Discussion -- 5.4 Experiences and Lessons Learned from Coastal Storms -- 5.5 Lessons Learned and Additional Measures -- References -- 6 Findings from Follow-up Interviews -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Results -- 6.2.1 Knowledge of the CCC-CURA Project -- 6.2.2 Resilience -- 6.2.3 Natural Environment -- 6.3 Discussion -- References -- 7 Implications and Lessons Learned -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Resilience to Climate Change -- 7.3 Integrating Governance into Social-Ecological Resilience -- 7.4 Coastal Community Resilience Planning -- 7.5 Moving Further in Enhancing Resilience Through Ecosystem Governance -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Conclusions -- Abstract -- 8.1 Summary of the Overall Findings -- 8.2 Main Take Home Messages -- 8.3 Contributions -- 8.4 Further Work -- 8.5 Discussion -- References -- 9 Erratum to: Adaptation to Coastal Storms in Atlantic Canada -- Erratum to:& -- #6 -- L. Vasseur et al., Adaptation to Coastal Storms in Atlantic Canada, SpringerBriefs in Geography,& -- #6 -- DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-63492-0 -- Index.

Note: Description based upon print version of record , Preface1. Introduction -- 2. The Oxford Transport Strategy (OTS) in Central Oxford -- 3. Reduced Traffic Congestion and Air Pollution.- 4. Implications for Urban Sustainability -- 5. Further Pollution Reduction.- 6. Energy Conservation -- 7. Implications -- 8. Conclusions.

Note: Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 - Introduction -- References -- Section I - Paleogeomorphology and Archaeogeomorphology -- Chapter 2 - Interactions between Geomorphology and Urban Evolution Since Neolithic Times in a Mediterranean City -- 2.1 - Introduction -- 2.2 - The Geography of Palma, a Mediterranean City -- 2.3 - Urban Evolution and Geomorphological Processes Since the Talayotic Period (BC 3000-Present) -- 2.3.1 - Talayotic Period (BC 3000-550) -- 2.3.2 - Roman and Late Ancient Age (2nd Century BC to 6th Century AD) -- 2.3.3 - Islamic Period (10-13th Centuries AD) -- 2.3.4 - Late Middle Age (13-15th Centuries) -- 2.3.5 - Modern Age (16-18th Centuries) -- 2.3.6 - Contemporary Age (19-20th Centuries) -- 2.4 - Land Use as the Crucial Change of Urban Geomorphology in the 20th Century -- 2.5 - Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3 - Geotourism Development in an Urban Area based on the Local Geological Heritage (Pruszków, Central Mazovia, Poland) -- 3.1 - Introduction -- 3.2 - Georesources of Pruszków and its Surroundings -- 3.3 - Relief and Deposits -- 3.4 - Water -- 3.5 - Erratics -- 3.6 - Stones in an Open Urban Space -- 3.7 - Final Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 - Anthropogeomorphological Metamorphosis of an Urban Area in the Postglacial Landscape: A Case Study of Poznań City -- 4.1 - Introduction -- 4.2 - Geological and Sedimentological Setting -- 4.3 - Geomorphological Setting -- 4.4 - Anthropogenic Changes in Morphological Landscapes -- 4.5 - Urban Geosites -- 4.6 - Conclusion -- References -- Section II - Anthropogeomorphology -- Chapter 5 - Urban Stream Geomorphology and Salmon Repatriation in Lower Vernon Creek, British Columbia (Canada) -- 5.1 - Introduction -- 5.2 Methods. , 5.2.1 Reach and Subreach Characterization by Stream Walk -- 5.2.2 Topographic Surveys -- 5.2.3 - In-Channel Flow Hydraulics -- 5.2.4 - Bed and Bank Characterization -- 5.2.5 - Hydraulic Modeling -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 Reach Differentiation based on Visual Descriptors -- 5.3.2 - Substrate Size -- 5.3.3 - Flow Hydraulics -- 5.3.4 - Spawning Habitat Assessment -- 5.3.4.1 - Substrate Suitability -- 5.3.4.2 - Hydraulic Suitability -- 5.3.4.3 Integrated Assessment -- 5.4 Discussion -- 5.5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 - Landform Change Due to Airport Building -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Types of Geomorphic Change -- 6.2.1 - Land Reclamation -- 6.2.2 - Coastline Alteration -- 6.2.3 - Land Leveling -- 6.2.4 - Artificial and Partly Artificial Islands -- 6.2.5 - Small-Scale Alteration of Relief -- 6.3 - Conclusions -- References -- Web Resources -- Section III - Landscape Influences on Urban Growth -- Chapter 7 - Environmental Contamination by Technogenic Deposits in the Urban Area of Araguaína, Brazil -- 7.1 - Introduction -- 7.2 - Methodology -- 7.3 - Technogenic deposits (TDs) and Soil Contamination -- 7.4 - Soil Contamination by TDs in the Urban Area of Araguaína -- 7.5 - Conclusion -- References -- Further Readings -- Chapter 8 - Transforming the Physical Geography of a City: An Example of Johannesburg, South Africa -- 8.1 - Introduction -- 8.2 - The Physical Environment of the City -- 8.2.1 - Topography, Ecosystems, and Climate -- 8.2.2 - Geology and Mineral Resources -- 8.3 - Development of the City -- 8.3.1 - Precolonial Development -- 8.3.2 - The Gold Rush of the 1880s -- 8.3.3 - The Apartheid Era (Circa 1948-1994) -- 8.3.4 - Post-1994 Development -- 8.4 - Discussion: Challenges of the City Today -- 8.4.1 - Urban Water Management -- 8.4.2 - Industrial Site Rehabilitation and Mine Pollution Management -- 8.4.3 - Food Security. , 8.4.4 - Urban Greening -- 8.4.5 - Sustainable Development -- 8.5 - Conclusions and Future Outlook -- References -- Chapter 9 - When Urban Design Meets Fluvial Geomorphology: A Case Study in Chile -- 9.1 - Introduction -- 9.2 - Objective and Methods -- 9.3 - An Interdisciplinary Dialogue -- 9.4 - Study Area Characterization -- 9.4.1 - Disaster as an Urban Developer -- 9.4.2 - Site-Specific Context -- 9.5 - Design Exercise: Creating Scenarios -- 9.5.1 - Current State of the Fluvial Geomorphology within the Study Area -- 9.5.2 - The IHG Index -- 9.5.3 - Fluvial Territory: Definition -- 9.5.4 - Design Actions -- 9.5.4.1 - Redefinition of the Boundaries (the Edge) -- 9.5.4.2 - Water Management System -- 9.5.4.3 - Multipurpose Green System -- 9.6 - Discussion Around Feasibility Issues -- 9.7 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section IV - Developing Geomorphological Hazards during the Anthropocene -- Chapter 10 - Urban Geomorphology of an Arid City: Case Study of Phoenix, Arizona -- 10.1 - Sonoran Desert Setting of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area -- 10.2 - Common Desert Geomorphic Processes in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area -- 10.2.1 - Rock Decay, Rock Coatings, and Soils -- 10.2.1.1 - Dominant Rock Decay Process -- 10.2.1.2 - Granitic Landforms Generated by Rock Decay -- 10.2.1.3 - Desert Pavements -- 10.2.1.4 - Biological Soil Crusts -- 10.2.1.5 - Rock Coatings -- 10.2.2 - Interplay of Aeolian, Fluvial, and Anthropogenic Processes -- 10.2.3 - Mass Wasting -- 10.2.4 - Pedimentation -- 10.3 - Desert geomorphic Hazards -- 10.3.1 - Alluvial Fan Flooding -- 10.3.2 - Street Flooding in Planned and Unplanned Housing Developments -- 10.3.3 - Debris Flows -- 10.3.4 - Haboobs and Dust Storms -- 10.4 - Summary Perspective on Human Influences on the Arid Geomorphic System in the Urbanizing Sonoran Desert -- References -- Further Reading. , Chapter 11 - Bivouacs of the Anthropocene: Urbanization, Landforms, and Hazards in Mountainous Regions -- 11.1 - Introduction -- 11.2 - Study Area -- 11.3 - The New Awareness of the Critical Zone -- 11.4 - Mining Town Development -- 11.4.1 - Uncompahgre Mining District -- 11.4.2 - Telluride (Upper San Miguel) Mining District -- 11.5 - Geomorphic Processes -- 11.5.1 - Glaciation -- 11.5.2 - Periglacial -- 11.5.3 - Fluvial -- 11.5.4 - Mass Movement -- 11.5.5 - Anthropogenic Building and Modifications of Landforms -- 11.6 - Location, Location, Location: A Planner's Dream -- 11.7 - Predicting Urban Suitability in the San Juan Mountains -- 11.8 - Results -- 11.9 - Conclusion -- References -- Further Readings -- Chapter 12 - Pokhara (Central Nepal): A Dramatic Yet Geomorphologically Active Environment Versus a Dynamic, Rapidly Developing City -- 12.1 - Introduction -- 12.2 - Pokhara City in Its Valley: A Long, Dramatic, and Complex History -- 12.2.1 - An Active Mountain in a Subtropical Environment -- 12.2.2 - A Catastrophic, Geomorphic Evolution -- 12.2.3 - The Recent Birth of a Major City in Nepal -- 12.3 - A tourist City With Major Attractions Related to Its Geomorphology -- 12.3.1 - Exceptional Viewpoints -- 12.3.2 - The Lakes: Legacies of Catastrophic Events -- 12.3.3 - Karstic Features: Gorges and Caves Related to the Old Ghachok Conglomerates -- 12.3.4 - Bhim Kali Dhunga -- 12.3.5 - Hot Springs -- 12.4 - Potential Threats: Natural Hazards and Risks -- 12.4.1 - Flood Hazards -- 12.4.2 - Earthquake Hazards -- 12.4.3 - Sinkholes and Subsidence -- 12.4.4 - An Example of Anthropogenic-induced Hazards: Sand Mining -- 12.4.5 - Environmental Impacts of Urbanization Versus Geoheritage Preservation -- 12.5 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section V - Urban Stone Decay: Cultural Stone and its Sustainability in the Built Environment. , Chapter 13 - Urban Stone Decay and Sustainable Built Environment in the Niger River Basin -- 13.1 - Introduction -- 13.2 - Decay of Clay Sandstones and Mudstones -- 13.3 - Evidence of Rock decay Consequent to Urban Stone Decay -- 13.3.1 - Geology, Materials, and Deep Rock Decay -- 13.3.2 - Chemical Rock Decay and Sediment Production -- 13.4 - Warm Wet Climates of the River Niger Basin Region -- 13.5 - Prevailing Atmospheric Pollution of the Urban-Built Environment -- 13.6 - Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 - A Geologic Assessment of Historic Saint Elizabeth of Hungary Church Using the Cultural Stone Stability Index, Denver, Colorado -- 14.1 - Introduction and Background -- 14.1.1 - Auraria Campus -- 14.1.2 - Saint Elizabeth's -- 14.2 - Methods: Basics of the Cultural Stone Stability Index -- 14.3 - Saint Elizabeth's CSSI Analysis -- 14.3.1 - North-facing Panels -- 14.3.2 - East-facing Panels -- 14.3.3 - South-facing Panels -- 14.3.4 - West-facing Panels -- 14.3.5 - Overall Assessment -- 14.4 - Implications and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15 - Photographic Technique Used in a Photometric Approach to Assess the Weathering of Pavement Slabs in Toronto (Ontario, Canada) -- 15.1 - Introduction -- 15.2 - A New Method -- 15.2.1 - A Novel Application -- 15.2.1.1 - Three-dimensional (3-D) Quantification -- 15.2.2 - Measuring Surface Roughness -- 15.3 - Results With Discussion -- 15.3.1 - The Photometric Approach -- 15.4 - Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16 - Conclusion -- 16.1 - Introduction -- 16.2 - Future Studies -- 16.3 - Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- Back cover.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- References -- Preface -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2 - Why Fieldwork? -- 2.1 - Introduction -- 2.2 - Wither fieldwork? the necessity of "ground truthing" and the importance of place -- 2.3 - Teaching and learning through fieldwork -- 2.4 - Fieldwork enhances subfield and interdisciplinary relationships -- 2.5 - Fieldwork challenges established paradigms -- 2.5.1 - Global-Scale: Continental Drift -- 2.5.2 - Regional-Scale: The Channeled Scablands -- 2.5.3 - Local-Scale: Yosemite Valley, CA (USA) -- 2.5.4 - Hand Sample-Scale: Rock Decay Science -- 2.6 - Why not fieldwork? -- References -- Chapter 3 - Getting into the Field -- Chapter 3.1 - Preparing for Fieldwork -- 3.1.1 - Introduction -- 3.1.2 - Consulting the existing information -- 3.1.3 - Time -- 3.1.4 - Reconciling academic and logistic considerations -- 3.1.5 - Institutional and personal support -- 3.1.6 - Field techniques and equipment -- 3.1.7 - Preparing for problems -- 3.1.8 - Personnel considerations -- 3.1.9 - Budgets, expenses, funding, and authorization -- 3.1.10 - Reconciling academic and logistic preparation -- 3.1.11 - Transportation -- 3.1.12 - Accommodation -- 3.1.13 - Provisions -- 3.1.14 - Considering the physical environment -- 3.1.15 - Considering the human environment -- 3.1.16 - Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3.2 - Field Safety: Principles, Practice, and Culture -- 3.2.1 - Introduction -- 3.2.2 - Principles -- 3.2.2.1 - Preservation of Life, Health, Property, and the Environment -- 3.2.2.2 - Culture and Conscience -- 3.2.2.3 - Approach -- 3.2.3 - Practice -- 3.2.3.1 - Standards -- 3.2.3.1.1 - Organizational -- 3.2.3.1.2 - Regulatory -- 3.2.3.1.3 - Benchmarking -- 3.2.3.1.4 - Training -- 3.2.3.2 - Processes. , 3.2.3.2.1 - Risk Management and Task Hazard Analysis -- 3.2.3.2.2 - Emergency Planning -- 3.2.3.2.3 - Reporting -- 3.2.3.2.4 - Controls -- 3.2.3.2.5 - Interpretation -- 3.2.3.2.6 - Delegation -- 3.2.3.3 - Training -- 3.2.3.3.1 - Training Needs Analysis -- 3.2.3.3.2 - Training Standards -- 3.2.3.3.3 - Training Coordination -- 3.2.3.3.4 - Training Delivery and Expertise Recognition -- 3.2.3.3.5 - Training Evaluation -- 3.2.3.3.6 - Examples of Training -- 3.2.3.4 - Field Parties -- 3.2.3.4.1 - Medical Health Evaluations and Fitness for Fieldwork -- 3.2.3.4.2 - Threats to Health and Safety Within Field Parties -- 3.2.3.4.3 - Balance of Expertise and Compatibility -- 3.2.3.4.4 - Joint Fieldwork -- 3.2.3.4.5 - Working Alone -- 3.2.3.5 - Communications -- 3.2.3.5.1 - Emergency -- 3.2.3.5.2 - Field Safety -- 3.2.3.6 - Equipment -- 3.2.4 - Leadership of safety culture -- 3.2.5 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 - Teaching Geomorphology in the Field -- Chapter 4.1 - Student Learning Styles -- 4.1.1 - Introduction -- 4.1.2 - Methodology -- 4.1.3 - Discussion of results -- 4.1.3.1 - Student perceptions of "novelty spaces" -- 4.1.4 - Educational implications -- 4.1.5 - Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4.2 - Fieldwork Going Digital -- 4.2.1 - Introduction -- 4.2.2 - A cook's tour of geomorphology: North Island, New Zealand -- 4.2.2.1 - The Fieldtrip -- 4.2.2.2 - Learning Evaluation and Discussion -- 4.2.3 - Field experiments in process geomorphology -- 4.2.3.1 - Approach to Teaching and Assessment -- 4.2.3.2 - Learning Evaluation and Discussion -- 4.2.4 - Web 3.0 technology -- 4.2.4.1 - Mobile Technologies and Fieldwork -- 4.2.4.2 - Case Study: Application of Mobile Devices to Residential Fieldwork -- 4.2.5 - Recommendations -- 4.2.5.1 - Transferable Skills Development for Geomorphologists. , 4.2.5.2 - Limitations and Cautions -- 4.2.6 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4.3 - Field-Based Learning in Undergraduate Geomorphology Courses -- 4.3.1 - Introduction -- 4.3.2 - Methods -- 4.3.2.1 - Introductory Geomorphology -- 4.3.2.2 - Environmental Geomorphology -- 4.3.2.3 - Field School -- 4.3.3 - Results -- 4.3.3.1 - Introductory Geomorphology -- 4.3.3.2 - Environmental Geomorphology -- 4.3.3.3 - Field School -- 4.3.4 - Discussion -- 4.3.4.1 - Introductory Geomorphology -- 4.3.4.2 - Environmental Geomorphology -- 4.3.4.3 - Field School -- 4.3.5 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 - Field Methodologies -- Chapter 5.1 - Use of Field Experiments in Soil Erosion Research -- 5.1.1 - Experiments in geomorphology -- 5.1.2 - Advantages and disadvantages of field experiments in soil-erosion research -- 5.1.2.1 - Field Experiments versus Field Monitoring -- 5.1.2.2 - Field versus Laboratory Experiments -- 5.1.3 - General considerations for the preparation of field experiments -- 5.1.4 - Case studies: testing new and measuring known processes -- 5.1.5 - Case study 1: Does the influence of wind on rainfall alter erosion rates on arable land? -- 5.1.5.1 - Background and Research Question -- 5.1.5.2 - Wind-Driven Rain Simulation -- 5.1.5.3 - Study Site and Date of Experiments -- 5.1.5.4 - Plot Dimensions and Scale Considerations -- 5.1.5.5 - Test Sequence and of Sediment Collection -- 5.1.5.6 - Supplemental Parameters -- 5.1.5.7 - Overview of Results -- 5.1.5.8 - Discussion and Conclusions -- 5.1.6 - Case study 2: runoff and infiltration experiments on terracettes using simulated rainfall -- 5.1.6.1 - Introduction -- 5.1.6.2 - Expectations of a Field Experiment -- 5.1.6.3 - Key Resources and Logistical Constraints -- 5.1.6.4 - Study Site -- 5.1.6.5 - Rainfall Simulation Experiments. , 5.1.6.6 - Antecedent Soil Moisture Conditions -- 5.1.6.7 - Surface Hydrology and Volumetric Moisture Content Related to Runoff Generation -- 5.1.6.8 - Potential Relevance of Observed Infiltration on Terracettes for Hillslope Hydrology -- 5.1.6.9 - Field Experiments: Dealing with Unexpected Findings, or a Case of Serendipity? -- 5.1.7 - Conclusions: field experiments as a tool to explore surface processes -- References -- Chapter 5.2 - A Geologic Approach to Field Methods in Fluvial Geomorphology -- 5.2.1 - Introduction -- 5.2.2 - Prefield activities -- 5.2.3 - Reconnaissance trip -- 5.2.4 - Geologic approach to fluvial geomorphology field methods -- 5.2.4.1 - Topographic Mapping and Surveying -- 5.2.4.2 - Characterizing Fluvial Sedimentary Sequences -- 5.2.4.3 - Describing Cores and Exposures in the Field or Laboratory -- 5.2.4.4 - Age Determinations of Field Sediment Samples -- 5.2.5 - Calculations and Interpreting Field Data -- 5.2.5.1 - Interpreting River Behavior and Floodplain Dynamics -- 5.2.5.2 - Historical Floodplain Sedimentation Depths and Volumes and Rates -- 5.2.6 - Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5.3 - Reading the Landscape in Field-Based Fluvial Geomorphology -- 5.3.1 - Introduction -- 5.3.2 - An approach to "reading the landscape" -- 5.3.2.1 - Step One: Identify Individual Landforms (Geomorphic Units) and the Process-Form Relationships That Determine Thei... -- 5.3.2.2 - Step Two: Analyze and Interpret the Package and Assemblage of Landforms at the Reach-Scale and How They Adjust Ov... -- 5.3.2.3 - Step Three: Explain Controls on the Package and Assemblage of Landforms at the Reach-Scale and How They Adjust Ov... -- 5.3.2.4 - Step Four: Integrate Understandings of Geomorphic Relationships at the Catchment Scale -- 5.3.3 - Three fieldwork exercises to interpret river forms, processes, patterns, and evolution. , 5.3.3.1 - Exercise 1: River Reach Analysis -- 5.3.3.2 - Exercise 2: Using Longitudinal Profiles as a Teaching and Interpretation Tool: Assessing Downstream Patterns of R... -- 5.3.3.3 - Exercise 3: Scenario Building to Interpret River Evolution and Future Trajectory of Change -- 5.3.4 - Discussion and concluding comments -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 6 - Conclusion -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Context -- Reference -- 2 Urban Sites -- 2.1 Introduction to the Sites -- 2.1.1 City Sampling -- 2.2 Methods Used in this Research -- 2.2.1 Data Analysis -- 2.3 Sites -- 2.3.1 Oxford, England -- 2.3.2 Scarborough, England -- 2.3.3 Inverness, Scotland -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Research Background -- 3.1 Necrogeography and Headstones Research -- 3.2 Lichens on Headstones -- 3.3 Other Research -- References -- 4 Assessing the Record -- 4.1 Site Selection -- 4.2 Field Methods -- 4.3 Analysis -- References -- 5 Stylistic Trends -- 5.1 Headstone Features: Motifs -- 5.2 Headstone Features: Shape -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Current State -- 6.1 Oxford Churchyards -- 6.2 Old High Kirk, Inverness -- 6.3 St. Mary's Churchyard, Scarborough -- References -- 7 Conservation Issues -- References -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Index.