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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge :Cambridge University Press,
    Keywords: Paleoclimatology. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This multidisciplinary volume describes the effects of volcanism on the environment by combining present-day observations of volcanism and environmental changes with information from past eruptions preserved in the geologic record. A valuable book for researchers and advanced students in volcanology, climate science, and palaeontology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (358 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781316206041
    DDC: 551.21
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Table of contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Part One Large volume volcanism: origins, features and timing -- 1 Large igneous provinces and explosive basaltic volcanism -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Mafic volcanic-derived clastic deposits -- 1.2.1 Primary volcaniclastic deposits -- 1.2.2 Reworked volcaniclastic and epiclastic deposits -- 1.3 Spatial and temporal occurrence of mafic volcaniclastic deposits -- 1.3.1 East Greenland, North Atlantic Igneous Province -- 1.3.2 Emeishan large igneous province -- 1.3.3 Siberian flood basalts -- 1.4 Evidence for volatile loads, temperatures and plume heights -- 1.5 Summary: potential for climate change -- References -- 2 On the nature and consequences of super-eruptions -- 2.1 Introduction: what are super-eruptions and super-volcanoes? -- 2.1.1 Collapse calderas -- 2.2 Magma bodies associated with super-volcanoes -- 2.2.1 Eruption triggers -- 2.3 Eruptive style -- 2.3.1 Wet versus dry eruptions -- 2.4 Where are the super-volcanoes and when did they erupt? -- 2.5 Products of super-eruptions -- 2.5.1 Tephra fall -- 2.5.2 Ignimbrites -- 2.5.3 Reworked deposits -- 2.6 Impacts of super-eruptions -- 2.6.1 Scenario for a future super-eruption -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Large igneous province locations and their connections with the core-mantle boundary -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Overview of LIPs of the past 300 Myr -- 3.2.1 Oceanic plateaus (OPs) -- 3.2.2 LIPs of the continents (CLIPs) -- 3.3 Reconstruction methods -- 3.4 Seismic tomography and refinement of the plume generation zones -- 3.4.1 Mantle reference frame -- 3.4.2 Palaeomagnetic reference frame -- 3.5 The long-term stability of Tuzo and Jason -- 3.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 High-precision U-Pb geochronology of Phanerozoic large igneous provinces. , 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 U-Pb zircon geochronology of mafic rocks -- 4.2.1 Zircon crystallization in mafic rocks -- 4.2.2 Zircon morphology in mafic rocks -- 4.2.3 Application of the chemical abrasion technique -- 4.2.4 Correction for initial Th exclusion -- 4.3 Why accuracy and precision matter -- 4.3.1 Case study -- Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) -- 4.6 Future of high-precision LIP geochronology -- References -- 5 Volcanic pulses in the Siberian Traps as inferred from Permo-Triassic geomagnetic secular variations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sampling -- 5.3 Paleomagnetism -- 5.4 Discussion -- 5.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part Two Assessing gas and tephra release in the present day and palaeo-record -- 6 Volcanic-gas monitoring -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Chemical composition of volcanic-gas emissions: clues from direct sampling techniques -- 6.3 Instrument-based gas monitoring techniques -- 6.3.1 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy -- 6.3.2 Multicomponent gas analyser system -- 6.4 Volcanic-gas fluxes -- 6.4.1 SO2 -- 6.4.2 CO2 -- 6.4.3 Halogens -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Remote sensing of volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Remote-sensing instruments and platforms -- 7.3 Remote sensing of volcanic ash -- 7.3.1 Volcanic ash -- 7.3.2 Microphysical properties -- 7.3.3 Optical properties -- 7.3.4 Satellite retrievals -- Methods -- 7.4 Remote sensing of SO2 -- 7.4.1 Absorption properties of SO2 -- 7.4.2 Satellite retrievals -- Methods -- Examples -- 7.4.3 Ground-based retrievals -- Methods -- Compact UV spectrometers -- The SO2 camera -- 7.5 Future prospects -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 8 Quantification of volcanic reactive halogen emissions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Composition and halogen chemistry of volcanic plumes -- 8.2.1 The origin of volcanic halogen species. , 8.2.2 Chemical speciation of halogens in volcanic plumes -- 8.2.3 Chemical transformation in plumes -- 8.2.4 Influence of volcanic reactive halogens on the atmosphere -- 8.3 In situ measurements and remote sensing of halogens -- 8.3.1 In situ measurements -- 8.3.2 Remote-sensing measurements -- 8.4. Observations at active volcanoes -- 8.5 Summary -- References -- 9 Satellite and aircraft-based techniques to measure volcanic emissions and hazards -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Worldwide capability to detect and monitor volcanic emissions from satellites and aircraft -- 9.2.1 Orbital observations -- 9.2.2 Mapping missions -- 9.2.3 Sampling missions -- 9.2.4 Ash- and gas-cloud detection -- 9.3 Airborne observations -- 9.3.1 Manned aircraft -- 9.3.2 Unmanned aircraft and aerostats -- 9.4 Data archives and global volcanology -- 9.5 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 The origin of gases that caused the Permian-Triassic extinction -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Magmatic volatiles - data from melt inclusions in phenocrysts -- 10.2.1 Samples and methods -- 10.2.2 Major and trace elements of melt inclusions -- 10.2.3 H2O contents -- 10.2.4 Cl contents -- 10.2.5 Sulfur contents -- 10.2.6 CO2 contents -- 10.2.7 Sources of magmatic volatiles -- 10.2.8 Calculation of total magmatic CO2, HCl and SO2 release -- 10.3 Thermogenic gases -- 10.3.1 Calculation of total thermogenic CO2 and SO2 release -- 10.4 Discussion -- 10.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Volatile release from flood basalt eruptions: understanding the potential environmental effects -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Volcanic plume rise during CFB volcanism -- 11.2.1 Modern observations of buoyant plumes from basaltic volcanism -- 11.2.2 Flood basalt eruption plumes -- 11.3 Emplacement characteristics and volatile release rates of flood basalt eruptions. , 11.4 Towards quantifying the environmental effects of CFB volcanism -- 11.5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Volatile generation and release from continental large igneous provinces -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The anatomy of continental LIPs -- 12.2.1 The Siberian Traps and the Tunguska Basin -- 12.2.2 The Karoo province and the Karoo Basin -- 12.2.3 The NAIP and the Vøring and Møre basins -- 12.3 Sill and aureole volumes -- 12.4 Gas production mechanisms -- 12.5 Constraining gas generation in volcanic basins -- 12.6 Gas-release mechanisms -- 12.7 Environmental implications -- 12.8 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part Three Modes of volcanically induced global environmental change -- 13 Volcanism, the atmosphere and climate through time -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Volcanism on Earth -- 13.3 Volcanic gas emissions -- 13.4 Atmospheric and climatic impacts of volcanic aerosol -- 13.5 Volcano-climate interactions through time -- 13.5.1 Ancient large-scale CFB eruptions -- 13.5.2 Post-2000 small- to moderate-sized eruptions (VEI 3-4) -- 13.6 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14 Volcanic emissions: short-term perturbations, long-term consequences and global environmental change -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 'Background' activity, short-term perturbations and time-averaging -- 14.3 Potential prolonged volcanic perturbations to the Earth system -- (i) Temporal clustering of individual explosive eruptions -- (ii) Continental LIPs and flood volcanism -- (iii) Feedbacks from the Earth's surface modulating the rate/style of volcanism -- (iv) Perturbations to magma volatile load and the composition of the volcanic gases emitted -- 14.4 Summary -- References -- 15 Evidence for volcanism triggering extinctions: a short history of IPGP contributions with emphasis on paleomagnetism -- 15.1 Introduction. , 15.2 The trap-extinction correlation -- 15.3 Traps, continental breakup, plumes and the deep Earth -- 15.4 The tempo of flood basalt volcanism -- 15.5 Climate scenarios -- 15.6 Summary -- References -- 16 Halogen release from Plinian eruptions and depletion of stratospheric ozone -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Halogen output from Plinian eruptions -- 16.3 Volcanic halogen entrainment into the present-day stratosphere -- 16.4 The CAVA background -- 16.5 Halogen release from CAVA eruptions -- 16.6 Discussion -- 16.7 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 The environmental and climatic impacts of volcanic ash deposition -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Terrestrial ash blankets -- 17.2.1 Environmental impact -- 17.2.2 Radiative changes -- 17.2.3 Residence times -- 17.2.4 Ecosystem recovery -- 17.3 Oceanic ash deposition -- 17.3.1 Physical effects -- 17.3.2 Fertilization -- 17.3.3 Poisoning -- 17.4 Long-term climate impacts -- 17.4.1 Primary productivity -- 17.4.2 Silicate weathering -- 17.4.3 Carbon burial -- 17.4.4 Long-term global cooling? -- 17.5 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 18 Oceanic anoxia during the Permian-Triassic transition and links to volcanism -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Lithological evidence for anoxia -- 18.2.1 Bioturbation intensity and black shales -- 18.2.2 Framboidal pyrite -- 18.3 Geochemical evidence for anoxia -- 18.3.1 Organic biomarkers -- 18.3.2 Sulfur isotopes -- 18.3.3 Cerium and REEs -- 18.3.4 Uranium -- 18.3.5 Molybdenum -- 18.4 Pattern of anoxia - a summary -- 18.5 Volcanism and anoxia -- 18.6 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Spatial and temporal patterns of ocean acidification during the end-Permian mass extinction - an Earth system model evaluation -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Methods -- 19.2.1 "Neritan" ocean with reef deposition -- 19.2.3 Forcing the DIC with CO2 addition. , 19.3 Results.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Volcanoes. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Using a state-of-the-art global microphysics model, this book examines the impact of tropospheric volcanic aerosol on the atmosphere, climate, air quality and human health. It shows that continuously degassing volcanoes exert a major effect on global climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (154 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642348396
    Series Statement: Springer Theses Series
    DDC: 363.3495
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Modelling Tropospheric Volcanic Aerosol -- Supervisor's Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 Motivation and Background -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Volcanic Activity on Earth -- 1.2.1 1783--1784 AD Laki Flood Lava Eruption -- 1.3 Volcanic Gases -- 1.3.1 Time-Averaged Volcanic Sulphur Emissions -- 1.4 Tropospheric Volcanic Aerosol -- 1.4.1 Tropospheric Sulphur Cycle -- 1.4.2 Aerosol Particle Size Distribution -- 1.4.3 Particle Composition and Morphology -- 1.4.4 Particle Activation -- 1.5 Impact of Volcanic Activity on the Earth System -- 1.5.1 Impact on Climate and Dynamics -- 1.5.2 Impact on Environment and Society -- 1.6 Thesis Aims -- References -- 2 GLOMAP-Mode Overview -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 TOMCAT Chemical Transport Model -- 2.3 Gas-Phase Species and Chemistry -- 2.4 Aerosol Size Distribution -- 2.5 Primary Aerosol Emissions -- 2.6 Aerosol Microphysical Processes -- 2.6.1 Aerosol Activation -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3 The Role of Time-Averaged Volcanic Sulphur Emissions in the Pre-industrial Era -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Data and Methods -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.3.1 Global Sulphur Budget -- 3.3.2 Impact on CCN Number Concentrations -- 3.3.3 First Aerosol Indirect Effect -- 3.4 Conclusions -- 3.5 Implications and Future Work -- References -- 4 Impact of the 1783--1784 AD Laki Eruption on Global Aerosol Formation Processes and Cloud Condensation Nuclei -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Experimental Design and Emissions -- 4.3 Results and Discussion -- 4.3.1 so Mixing Ratios and Burdens -- 4.3.2 Depletion of Oxidants -- 4.3.3 Comparison with Previous Studies -- 4.3.4 Comparison with Sulphate Deposition Record in Ice-Cores -- 4.3.5 Comparison with Historical Records -- 4.3.6 Aerosol Microphysical Processes and Size Distribution -- 4.3.7 Impact on Total Particle Number Concentration. , 4.3.8 Impact on CCN Number Concentrations -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Impact of the 1783--1784AD Laki Eruption on Cloud Drop Number Concentrations and the First Aerosol Indirect Effect -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Data and Methods -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 Widespread Impact on Cloud Drop Number Concentrations -- 5.3.2 Physically-Based Aerosol Activation Scheme Versus Empirically-Based Relationship -- 5.3.3 First Aerosol Indirect Effect -- 5.4 Discussion -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- 6 What if a Laki-Style Eruption were to Happen Tomorrow? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Data and Methods -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 Impact on European Air Quality -- 6.3.2 Excess Mortality in Europe -- 6.4 Discussion -- 6.5 Implications -- References -- 7 Conclusions -- 7.1 Summary of Major Findings -- 7.2 Future Work -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Glossary -- References.
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  • 3
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (305 Seiten, 41,45 MB) , Diagramme, Illustrationen
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 01LC1402A , Weitere Körperschaft, die mit dem Werk in Verbindung steht dem englischen Berichtsblatt entnommen , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Deutsch, Englisch
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  • 4
    Keywords: Volcanism ; Volcanoes Environmental aspects ; Global environmental change ; Volcanism Environmental aspects ; Global environmental change ; Paleogeography ; Paleoclimatology ; Vulkanismus ; Vulkan ; Umweltveränderung ; Vulkanismus ; Umweltveränderung
    Description / Table of Contents: "Covering a key connection between geological processes and life on Earth, this multidisciplinary volume describes the effects of volcanism on the environment by combining present-day observations of volcanism and environmental changes with information from past eruptions preserved in the geologic record. The book discusses the origins, features and timing of volumetrically large volcanic eruptions; methods for assessing gas and tephra release in the modern day and the palaeo-record; and the impacts of volcanic gases and aerosols on the environment, from ozone depletion to mass extinctions. The significant advances that have been made in recent years in quantifying and understanding the impacts of present and past volcanic eruptions are presented and review chapters are included, making this a valuable book for academic researchers and graduate students in volcanology, climate science, palaeontology, atmospheric chemistry, and igneous petrology"--
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XVI, 324 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. , 25 cm
    ISBN: 9781107058378 , 1107058376
    DDC: 551.21
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturangaben , Editors: Anja Schmidt (University of Leeds), Kirsten Fristad (NASA Ames Research Center), Linda Elkins-Tanton (Arizona State University) , Machine generated contents note: Preface; List of contributors; Part I. Large Volume Volcanism: Origins, Features, and Timing: 1. Large Igneous Provinces and explosive basaltic volcanism Ingrid Ukstins Peate and Linda Elkins-Tanton; 2. On the nature and consequences of super-eruptions Clive Oppenheimer and Amy Donovan; 3. Large Igneous Province locations and their connections with the core mantle boundary Trond H. Torsvik and Kevin Burke; 4. High-precision U/Pb geochronology of Phanerozoic Large Igneous Provinces Seth Burgess, Terrence J. Blackburn and Samuel A. Bowring; 5. Volcanic pulses in the Siberian Traps as inferred from Permo-Triassic geomagnetic secular variations Volodia Pavlov, Fre;de;ric Fluteau, Roman Veselovskiy, Anna Fetisova, A. Latyshev, Linda Elkins-Tanton, Alexander Sobolev and Nadezhda Krivolutskaya; Part II. Assessing Gas and Tephra Release in the Present Day and Paleo-Record: 6. Volcanic gas monitoring Alessandro Aiuppa; 7. Remote sensing of volcanic ash and sulphur dioxide Fred Prata and Gemma Prata; 8. Quantification of volcanic reactive halogen emissions Ulrich Platt and Nicole Bobrowski; 9. Satellite and aircraft-based techniques to measure volcanic emissions and hazards David Pieri; 10. The origin of gases that caused the Permian-Triassic extinction Nick Arndt, Alexander Sobolev, Nadezhda Krivolutskaya, Dimitry V. Kuzmin and Stephan V. Sobolev; 11. Volatile release from flood basalt eruptions: understanding the potential environmental effects Stephen Self, Lori Glaze, Anja Schmidt and Tamsin A. Mather; 12. Volatile generation and release from continental Large Igneous Provinces Henrik Svensen, Kirsten Fristad, Alexander Polozov and Sverre Planke; Part III. Modes of Volcanically-Induced Global Environmental Change: 13. Volcanism, the atmosphere, and climate through time Anja Schmidt and Alan Robock; 14. Volcanic emissions: short-term perturbations, long-term consequences and global environmental change Tamsin A. Mather and David M. Pyle; 15. Evidence for volcanism triggering extinctions: a short history of IPGP contributions with emphasis on paleomagnetism Vincent Courtillot, Fre;de;ric Fluteau and Jean Besse; 16. Halogen release from Plinian eruptions and depletion of stratospheric ozone Kirstin Krüger, Steffen Kutterolf and Thor H. Hansteen; 17. The environmental and climatic impacts of volcanic ash deposition Morgan Jones; 18. Oceanic anoxia during the Permian-Triassic transition and links to volcanism Ellen Schaal, Katja Meyer, Jonathan Payne, Kimberley Lau and Juan Carlos Silva-Tamayo; 19. Spatial and temporal patterns of ocean acidification during the end-Permian mass extinction: an Earth system model evaluation Ying Cui, Lee Kump and Andy Ridgwell; 20. Environmental effects of Large Igneous Province magmatism: a Siberian perspective Benjamin Black, Jean-François Lamarque, Christine Shields, Linda Elkins-Tanton and Jeffrey T. Kiehl.
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  • 5
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Beaglekanal ; Schelf ; Hydrobiologie ; Scherenasseln ; Antarktis ; Schelf ; Hydrobiologie ; Scherenasseln ; Beaglekanal ; Schelf ; Hydrobiologie ; Scherenasseln ; Antarktis ; Schelf ; Hydrobiologie ; Scherenasseln ; Scherenasseln ; Beaglekanal
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: VI, 113 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polarforschung 333
    Language: German
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 104 - 112 , Intermediärsprache: Englisch , Teilw. zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Dipl.-Arbeit, 1999
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 14 (1998), S. 305-338 
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The actin cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network composed of actin polymers and a large variety of associated proteins. The main functions of the actin cytoskeleton are to mediate cell motility and cell shape changes during the cell cycle and in response to extracellular stimuli, to organize the cytoplasm, and to generate mechanical forces within the cell. The reshaping and functions of the actin cytoskeleton are regulated by signaling pathways. Here we broadly review the actin cytoskeleton and the signaling pathways that regulate it. We place heavy emphasis on the yeast actin cytoskeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Plasmodium berghei is the causative agent of rodent malaria and is widely used as a model system to study the liver stage of Plasmodium parasites. The entry of P. berghei sporozoites into hepatocytes has extensively been studied, but little is known about parasite–host interaction during later developmental stages of the intracellular parasite. Growth of the parasite far beyond the normal size of the host cell is an important stress factor for the infected cell. Cell stress is known to trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis) and we examined several apoptotic markers in P. berghei-infected cells and compared their level of expression and their distribution to that of non-infected cells. As none of the apoptotic markers investigated were found altered in infected cells, we hypothesized that parasite infection might confer resistance to apoptosis of the host cell. Treatment with peroxide or serum deprivation induced apoptosis in non-infected HepG2 cells, whereas P. berghei-infected cells appeared protected, indicating that the parasite interferes indeed with the apoptotic machinery of the host cell. To prove the physiological relevance of these results, mice were infected with high numbers of P. berghei sporozoites and treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/d-galactosamine to induce massive liver apoptosis. Liver sections of these mice, stained for degraded DNA, confirmed that infected cells containing viable parasites were protected from programmed cell death. However, in non-treated control mice as well as in TNF-α-treated mice a small proportion of dead intracellular parasites with degraded DNA were detected. Most hepatocytes containing dead parasites provoked an infiltration of immunocompetent cells, indicating that these cells are no longer protected from cell death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 45 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the small GTPase RHO1 plays an essential role in the control of cell wall synthesis and organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Several regulators for RHO1 are known, including the GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) SAC7 and BEM2. Here we show that BAG7, identified as the closest homologue of SAC7, also acts as a GAP for RHO1 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we find that BAG7, SAC7, and BEM2 are functionally different in vivo. Overexpression of BAG7 or SAC7, but not BEM2, suppresses the cold sensitivity of a sac7 mutation and the lethality of RHO1 hyperactivation in response to cell wall damage. In contrast, overexpression of BEM2 or SAC7, but not BAG7, downregulates the RHO1-controlled PKC1-MPK1 pathway, and disruption of BEM2 or SAC7, but not BAG7, results in increased MPK1 activation. We conclude that BEM2 and SAC7, but not BAG7, are involved in the control of the RHO1-mediated activation of MPK1, whereas BAG7 and SAC7, but not BEM2, are involved in the regulation of other RHO1 functions. This suggests that different RHO1 GAPs control different RHO1 effector pathways, thus ensuring their individual regulation at the appropriate place and time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 349 (1994), S. 607-612 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Screen printing technology has been used for the production of amperometric devices. The materials chosen were conventional thick film materials, (i.e. Al2O3-ceramic substrates and pastes of different composition, fired at 850°C). The working and the auxiliary electrodes were made by screen printing Pt paste, the connecting lines and reference electrodes in the three electrode system by printing AgPd paste. Enzymes were immobilised on the working electrodes either by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde or by adsorption in a screen printable graphite based paste. For both procedures the composition of the immobilisation matrix had to be optimised for each enzyme. It was observed that the achievable lower detection limits and standard deviations between different enzyme electrodes were lower when the enzymes were cross linked with glutaraldehyde, whereas the sensitivities were comparable for both immobilisation techniques and were improved further by the application of additional membranes acting as diffusion barriers. Stabilities of the enzyme electrodes were improved by electrode treatment (such as silanisation of the electrodes), optimisation of the measuring conditions and composition of the storage buffer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: The Stratospheric Sulfur and its Role in Climate (SSiRC) interactive stratospheric aerosol model intercomparison project (ISA-MIP) explores uncertainties in the processes that connect volcanic emission of sulphur gas species and the radiative forcing associated with the resulting enhancement of the stratospheric aerosol layer. The central aim of ISA-MIP is to constrain and improve interactive stratospheric aerosol models and reduce uncertainties in the stratospheric aerosol forcing by comparing results of standardized model experiments with a range of observations. In this paper we present 4 co-ordinated inter-model experiments designed to investigate key processes which influence the formation and temporal development of stratospheric aerosol in different time periods of the observational record. The "Background" (BG) experiment will focus on microphysics and transport processes under volcanically quiescent conditions, when the stratospheric aerosol is controlled by the transport of aerosols and their precursors from the troposphere to the stratosphere. The "Transient Aerosol Record" (TAR) experiment will explore the role of small- to moderate-magnitude volcanic eruptions, anthropogenic sulphur emissions and transport processes over the period 1998–2012 and their role in the warming hiatus. Two further experiments will investigate the stratospheric sulphate aerosol evolution after major volcanic eruptions. The "Historical Eruptions SO2 Emission Assessment" (HErSEA) experiment will focus on the uncertainty in the initial emission of recent large-magnitude volcanic eruptions, while the "Pinatubo Emulation in Multiple models" (PoEMS) experiment will provide a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of the radiative forcing from the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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