Note: Front Cover -- Flux Control in Biological Systems: From Enzymes to Populations and Ecosystems -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I: Flux Control at the Cellular Level -- Chapter 1. The Malate Valve: Flux Control at the Enzymatic Level -- I. Introduction -- II. The ATP to NADPH Balance -- III. Redox Control of the Malate Valve -- IV. A Futile Cycle Provides the Machinery for Flux Regulation -- V. Extra Sequences in the Polypeptide Are Responsible for Redox Control -- VI. Energy Expenditure for Redox Control -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2. Flux Control at the Level of the Pathway: Studies with Mutants and Transgenic Plants Having a Decreased Activity of Enzymes Involved in Photosynthesis Partitioning -- I. Introduction -- II. The Traditional Approach to the Study of Regulation -- III. Metabolic Regulations Illustrated by Photosynthetic Sucrose Synthesis -- IV. Regulation and Control -- V. Measurement of Flux Control Coefficients Using Mutants and Genetically Manipulated Plants -- VI. Flux Control Coefficients of Rubisco during Photosynthesis -- VII. Flux Control Coefficients of Four Enzymes in a Linear Pathway: Photosynthetic Starch Synthesis -- VIII. Control of Partitioning to Sucrose and Starch: An Example of Control at a Branch Point in Metabolism -- IX. What Determines the Flux Control Coefficient of an Enzyme? -- X. Measurement of Elasticity Coefficients -- XI. Comparison of Flux Control Coefficients and Elasticity Coefficients for PGI and the Cytosolic Frul,6Pase -- XII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Controlling the Effects of Excessive Light Energy Fluxes: Dissipative Mechanisms, Repair Processes, and Long-Term Acclimation -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Approach -- III. Changes in Photosynthetic Capacity -- IV. Changes in Photosynthetic Efficiency. , V. Effects of Multiple Stress -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Flux Control at the Organismic Level -- Chapter 4. Plant Growth, Storage, and Resource Allocation: From Flux Control in a Metabolic Chain to the Whole-Plant Level -- I. Introduction -- II. What Is Assimilation and How Is It Related to Growth? -- III. What Is Storage and How Is It Related to Growth? -- IV. Analysis of Whole-Plant Growth Using Mutants and Transgenic Plants -- V. Observations of Growth and Storage in Different Plant Life Forms -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. The Morphogenic Response of Plants to Soil Nitrogen: Adaptive Regulation of Biomass Distribution and Nitrogen Metabolism by Phytohormones -- I. Introduction: Nitrogen-Induced Changes of Root Growth -- II. The Response of Nitrogen Uptake to Nitrogen Supply -- III. Changes in Growth Reduction and in Root-to-Shoot Ratios by Nitrogen Deficiency -- IV. Analysis of Sink-Source Relations of Plants with Different Nitrogen Status -- V. Are Ammonium-Induced Carbon Sinks Morphogenically Effective? -- VI. Cytokinins Control the Growth Patterns of Urtica dioica -- VII. Studies on the Mechanism of Cytokinin Action on Carbon Distribution -- VIII. A Molecular Biological Approach to the Action of Cytokinins -- IX. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6. Regulation by Futile Cycles: The Transport of Carbon and Nitrogen in Plants -- I. Introduction -- II. Export from the Source: Phloem Loading -- III. Long-Distance Solute Transport -- IV. Uptake by the Sink -- V. Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 7. The Regulation of Plant Transpiration: Interactions of Feedforward, Feedback, and Futile Cycles -- I. Introduction -- II. The Regulation of Stomata in Response to Dry Air -- III. Stomatal Response to Soil Water Deficits: Feedforward Control by Root Signals. , IV. Coupled Fluxes and Futile Cycles Modulate the Root Signals -- V. Coupled Fluxes of Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide Correlated with Maximum Leaf Conductance -- VI. The Regulation of Root-to-Shoot Ratios -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8. The Regulation of Plant Water at the Cell, Tissue, and Organ Level: Role of Active Processes and of Compartmentation -- I. Introduction -- II. Water Relations at the Cell Level -- III. Regulation of Tissue Water -- IV. Application of Integrated Theory: Extension Growth -- V. Regulation of Root Water and Solute Relations -- VI. Conclusions and Summary -- References -- Part III: Flux Control at the Soil-Organism Interface -- Chapter 9. Patterns and Regulation of Organic Matter Transformation in Soils: Litter Decomposition and Humification -- I. Introduction -- II. The Soil Carbon Cycle -- III. Methodological Approach -- IV. Composition and Distribution of the Input to Humification -- V. Decomposition and Humification Processes -- VI. Control of Organic Matter Transformations -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. The Effect of Aggregation of Soils on Water, Gas, and Heat Transport -- I. Introduction -- II. The Processes of Aggregate Formation -- III. Hydraulic Aspects -- IV. Thermal Aspects -- V. Aspects of Soil Aeration -- VI. Consequences of Aggregation on Plant Water Use -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Flux Control at the Population and Ecosystem Level -- Chapter 11. Structure and Biomass Transfer in Food Webs: Stability, Fluctuations, and Network Control -- I. Introduction -- II. Cardueae-Insect Food Webs -- III. Network Control of Food Webs -- IV. Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12. Fluxes in Ecosystems -- I. Introduction -- II. The Ecosystem Concept -- III. Factors Involved in Structure and Organization of Ecosystems. , IV. System Regulation of Fluxes and Stability -- V. System Response -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13. Adjustment of Gene Flow at the Population, Species, and Ecosystem Level: Thistles and Their Herbivores -- I. Introduction -- II. Adjustment of Gene Flow -- III. Conclusions -- References -- Part V: Flux Control in Biological Systems: A Comparative View -- Chapter 14. Flux Control in Biological Systems: A Comparative View -- I. Introduction -- II. Hierarchy of Resource Limitations for Individual Processes Organisms -- III. Feedforward and Feedback -- IV. Shared Control -- V. Futile Cycles -- VI. Compartmentation and Accumulation -- VII. Coordination and Synchronization -- VIII. Boundaries to Our Knowledge -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Physiological Ecology: A Series of Monographs, Texts, and Treatises.

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- Sampling Design of the Present Study -- Limitations of the Study -- Comparison with Other Studies -- 2. Material and Methods -- Geographic Origin of the Material -- Families and Number of Species Treated in this Volume -- Families Treated in Vol. 2 -- Internet Data -- Preparation of the Plant Material -- 3. Vegetation and Plant Parameters -- Definition of Vegetation/Climate Types -- Definition of Life Forms (after Ellenberg et al. 1992) -- Definition of Plant Height (after Aeschimann et al. 2004) -- 4. Definition of Anatomical Features -- Classification of Ring Distinctness after Schweingruber and Poschlod 2005 -- Definition of Features According to the IAWA List (Wheeler et al. 1989), and Complements -- Bark Features -- 5. Monographic Descriptions -- Aizoaceae -- Amaranthaceae -- Amborellaceae -- Anacardiaceae -- Apocyanaceae and Asclepiadaceae -- Aristolochiaceae -- Berberidaceae -- Betulaceae -- Brassicaceae -- Buxaceae -- Cannabaceae -- Capparaceae -- Caryophyllaceae -- Celastraceae -- Ceratophyllaceae -- Cercidiphyllaceae -- Cistaceae -- Clusiaceae -- Cneoraceae -- Crassulaceae -- Cucurbitaceae -- Droseraceae -- Elaeagnaceae -- Ericaceae -- Euphorbiaceae -- Fabaceae -- Fagaceae -- Gentianaceae -- Geraniaceae -- Grossulariaceae -- Haloragaceae -- Hamamelidaceae and Altingiaceae -- Juglandaceae -- Krameriaceae -- Lardizabalaceae -- Lauraceae -- Linaceae -- Loranthaceae and Viscaceae -- Lythraceae -- Magnoliaceae -- Malvaceae -- Menispermaceae -- Menyanthaceae -- Moraceae -- Myricaceae -- Myrtaceae -- Nepenthaceae -- Nyctaginaceae -- Nymphaeaceae -- Onagraceae -- Oxalidaceae -- Paeoniaceae -- Papaveraceae -- Phytolaccaceae -- Piperaceae -- Platanaceae -- Plumbaginaceae -- Polygalaceae -- Polygonaceae -- Portulacaceae -- Primulaceae -- Ranunculaceae. , Resedaceae -- Rhamnaceae -- Rosaceae -- Rubiaceae -- Rutaceae -- Salicaceae -- Salvadoraceae -- Santalaceae -- Sapindaceae -- Saxifragaceae -- Simmondsiaceae -- Staphyleaceae -- Tamaricaceae -- Thymelaeaceae -- Tiliaceae -- Trochodendraceae -- Ulmaceae -- Urticaceae -- Violaceae -- Vitaceae -- Winteraceae -- Zygophyllaceae -- References -- Alphabetic List of Species.

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction to Volume 2 -- 1.1 Phylogeny and Taxonomy -- 1.2 Geographic and Climatic Origin -- 1.3 Life Forms -- 1.4 Anatomical Features -- 1.5 Morphological and Ecological Interpretation of Features -- 2. Monographic Descriptions -- Actinidiaceae -- Adoxaceae -- Apiaceae -- Aquifoliaceae -- Araliaceae -- Asteraceae -- Asteraceae - Mutisieae -- Asteraceae - Cardueae -- Asteraceae - Lactuceae -- Asteraceae - Inuleae -- Asteraceae - Gnaphalieae -- Asteraceae - Calenduleae -- Asteraceae - Astereae -- Asteraceae - Anthemideae -- Asteraceae - Senecioneae -- Asteraceae - Heleniae -- Asteraceae - Heliantheae -- Asteraceae - Eupatorieae -- Asteraceae - Tageteae -- Balsaminaceae -- Boraginaceae -- Callitrichaceae -- Campanulaceae -- Caprifoliaceae -- Clethraceae -- Convolvulaceae -- Cornaceae -- Diapensiaceae -- Diervillaceae -- Dipsacaceae -- Ebenaceae -- Frankeniaceae -- Garryaceae -- Hippuridaceae -- Hydrangeaceae -- Lamiaceae -- Lentibulariaceae -- Linnaeaceae -- Myrsinaceae -- Oleaceae -- Orobanchaceae -- Plantaginaceae -- Polemoniaceae -- Rafflesiaceae -- Roridulaceae -- Sapotaceae -- Sarraceniaceae -- Scrophulariaceae -- Solanaceae -- Styracaceae -- Valerianaceae -- Verbenaceae -- 3. Ecological, Morphological, Taxonomical and Functional Significance of Stem Features Within the Dicotyledons -- 3.1 Stem Constructions -- 3.2 Annual Rings -- 3.3 The Hydrological System -- 3.4 The Axial Stabilization System -- 3.5 The Storage System -- 3.6 Secretory Structures -- 3.7 Intercellular Spaces (Aerenchyma) in Stems of Aquatic Plants -- 4. Anatomical Adaptations to EnvironmentalConditions -- 4.1 Anatomical Diversity within Plant Communities -- 4.2 Anatomical Features of Species in Relation to Plant Size and Age. , 4.3 Anatomical Variability of Species in Relation to Different Site Conditions -- 4.4 Anatomical Adaptations of Xylem Characteristics -- 5. Ontogeny of the Xylem -- 5.1 The Study of Cambial Development by Observation and by Modeling -- 5.2 The Availability of Space as Controlling Factor -- 5.3 Hormonal Regulation of Cell Differentiation -- 5.4 Whole Plant Integration of Cell Development -- 6. Secondary Woodinessand Paedomorphosis -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Alphabetic List of Species.