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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Canadian context for evidence-based conservation and environmental management
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Environmental Evidence Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2016-12)
    Details
    In: Environmental Evidence, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2016-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-2382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13750-016-0065-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662506-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Fisheries Management Strategies: an introduction by the Conveners
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2007
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2007-05-01), p. 577-579
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2007-05-01), p. 577-579
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsm061
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 3
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    Simulation-based management strategy evaluation: ignorance disguised as mathematics?
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2009
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2009-05-01), p. 754-762
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2009-05-01), p. 754-762
    Abstract: Rochet, M-J. and Rice, J. C. 2009. Simulation-based management strategy evaluation: ignorance disguised as mathematics? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 754–762. Simulation-based management strategy evaluations are increasingly developed and used for science advice in support of fisheries management, along with risk evaluation and decision analysis. These methods tackle the problem of uncertainty in fisheries systems and data by modelling uncertainty in two ways. For quantities that are difficult to measure accurately or are inherently variable, variables are replaced by probability distributions, and system dynamics are simulated by Monte Carlo simulations, drawing numbers from these distributions. For processes that are not fully understood, arrays of model formulations that might underlie the observed patterns are developed, each is assumed successively, and the results of the corresponding arrays of model results are then combined. We argue that these approaches have several paradoxical features. Stochastic modelling of uncertainty is paradoxical, because it implies knowing more than deterministic approaches: to know the distribution of a quantity requires more information than only estimating its expected value. To combine the results of Monte Carlo simulations with different model formulations may be paradoxical if outcomes of concern are unlikely under some formulations but very likely under others, whereas the reported uncertainty from combined results may produce a risk level that does not occur under any plausible assumed formulation. Moreover, risk estimates of the probability of undesirable outcomes are often statements about likelihood of events that were seldom observed and lie in the tails of the simulated distributions, where the results of Monte Carlo simulation are the least reliable. These potential paradoxes lead us to suggest that greater attention be given to alternative methods to evaluate risks or management strategies, such as qualitative methods and empirical post hoc analyses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsp023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 4
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    Projected impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2013
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 70, No. 5 ( 2013-09-01), p. 1023-1037
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 70, No. 5 ( 2013-09-01), p. 1023-1037
    Abstract: Hollowed, A. B., Barange, M., Beamish, R., Brander, K., Cochrane, K., Drinkwater, K., Foreman, M., Hare, J., Holt, J., Ito, S-I., Kim, S., King, J., Loeng, H., MacKenzie, B., Mueter, F., Okey, T., Peck, M. A., Radchenko, V., Rice, J., Schirripa, M., Yatsu, A., and Yamanaka, Y. 2013. Projected impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1023–1037. This paper reviews current literature on the projected effects of climate change on marine fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities throughout the northern hemisphere. The review addresses the following issues: (i) expected impacts on ecosystem productivity and habitat quantity and quality; (ii) impacts of changes in production and habitat on marine fish and shellfish species including effects on the community species composition, spatial distributions, interactions, and vital rates of fish and shellfish; (iii) impacts on fisheries and their associated communities; (iv) implications for food security and associated changes; and (v) uncertainty and modelling skill assessment. Climate change will impact fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities through a complex suite of linked processes. Integrated interdisciplinary research teams are forming in many regions to project these complex responses. National and international marine research organizations serve a key role in the coordination and integration of research to accelerate the production of projections of the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and to move towards a future where relative impacts by region could be compared on a hemispheric or global level. Eight research foci were identified that will improve the projections of climate impacts on fish, fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fst081
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
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  • 5
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    A framework for selecting a suite of indicators for fisheries management
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2005
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2005-01-01), p. 516-527
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2005-01-01), p. 516-527
    Abstract: We develop a framework for the objective selection of a suite of indicators for use in fisheries management. The framework encompasses eight steps, and provides guidance on pitfalls to be avoided at each step. Step 1 identifies user groups and their needs, featuring the setting of operational objectives, and Step 2 identifies a corresponding list of candidate indicators. Step 3 assigns weights to nine screening criteria for the candidate indicators: concreteness, theoretical basis, public awareness, cost, measurement, historic data, sensitivity, responsiveness, and specificity. Step 4 scores the indicators against the criteria, and Step 5 summarizes the results. Steps 3–5 offer technical aspects on which guidance is provided, including scoring standards for criteria and a generalized method for applying the standards when scoring individual indicators. Multi-criterion summarization methods are recommended for most applications. Steps 6 and 7 are concerned with deciding how many indicators are needed, and making the final selection of complementary suites of indicators. Ordinarily, these steps are done interactively with the users of the indicators, thus providing guidance on process rather than technical approach. Step 8 is the clear presentation to all users of the information contained. The discussion also includes the special case in which indicators are used in formal decision rules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.01.003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 6
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    When control rules collide: a comparison of fisheries management reference points and IUCN criteria for assessing risk of extinction
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2007
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2007-05-01), p. 718-722
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2007-05-01), p. 718-722
    Abstract: Rice, J. C., and Legacè, È. 2007. When control rules collide: a comparison of fisheries management reference points and IUCN criteria for assessing risk of extinction. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 718–722. The quantitative criteria used by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assess risk-of-extinction are compared with reference points used by ICES and other fisheries organizations for advising on fisheries management. Criteria based on numbers of individuals and geographic range appear to be in harmony with limit reference points and control rules used in fisheries management, with reference points indicating that fisheries should be closed well before there is any risk of extinction. However, there is huge potential for conflict between fisheries and risk-of-extinction approaches when considering the extent of population declines. Of 89 species examined, the decline criterion suggested a serious risk-of-extinction in 87%, whereas most of the stocks were still within a zone that allowed fisheries management reference points to indicate that exploitation could continue. Much of the conflict seems rooted in different types of tolerance to risk between the two disciplines. The conservation-biology community acknowledges a high tolerance for “false alarms”, to keep the probability of a “miss” very low, whereas tolerance in fisheries management is comparable for both types of error.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsm011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 7
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    The dual role of indicators in optimal fisheries management strategies
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2007
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2007-05-01), p. 775-778
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2007-05-01), p. 775-778
    Abstract: Rice, J. C., and Rivard, D. 2007. The dual role of indicators in optimal fisheries management strategies. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 775–778. Indicators are used in two different ways in the assessment and advisory cycle. One is to audit performance of the management plan relative to achieving the objectives for the fishery. The second is to trigger control rules to manage the subsequent harvest. Traditionally, the assessment and management community has used spawning-stock biomass and fishing mortality for these functions, and as management strategies are being developed, generally continues to test the same indicators in both the audit and control functions. There is no reason to use the same indicators in both functions, and management of a few specialized commercial fisheries has recognized this, using different indicators in different roles for many years. That different indicators may be optimal for both roles presents a richer range of opportunities for exploring robust management strategies, and will be essential as ecosystem considerations and integrated management tools are included in assessment and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsm033
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 8
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    Coexistence in North Sea fish communities: implications for growth and natural mortality
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2008
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2008-05-01), p. 514-530
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2008-05-01), p. 514-530
    Abstract: Gislason, H., Pope, J. G., Rice, J. C., and Daan, N. 2008. Coexistence in North Sea fish communities: implications for growth and natural mortality. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 514–530. For a fish community to persist over time, all species must be able on average to replace themselves on a one-for-one basis over their lifetime. We use this principle and a size-based equilibrium model where asymptotic length is used as a functional trait to investigate how natural mortality should scale with size within and across pelagic and demersal species of North Sea teleosts. The model predicts natural mortality to scale with body length raised to a power of −1.66 at current levels of exploitation. Additionally, natural mortality of demersal species should be proportional to asymptotic length raised to a power of 0.80, so generating a higher natural mortality at a given length for large species than for small ones. The model also suggests that the exponent in the scaling of the von Bertalanffy growth parameter K with asymptotic length should be more negative for pelagic than for demersal species. We test our results by analysing independent estimates of predation mortality, the scaling of maximum recruitment per unit of spawning-stock biomass with asymptotic length, and the general relationship between K and asymptotic length for demersal and pelagic families of fish. All tests are consistent with our modelling results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsn035
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 9
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    A generalization of the three-stage model for advice using the precautionary approach in fisheries, to apply broadly to ecosystem properties and pressures
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2009
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 66, No. 3 ( 2009-04-01), p. 433-444
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 66, No. 3 ( 2009-04-01), p. 433-444
    Abstract: Rice, J. C. 2009. A generalization of the three-stage model for advice using the precautionary approach in fisheries, to apply broadly to ecosystem properties and pressures. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 433–444. The six assumptions of the three-stage model for fisheries advice using a precautionary approach are itemized. The general applicability of each is considered for use with any indicator of ecosystem status, or human pressure on the ecosystem indicator, rather than just spawning-stock biomass (SSB) and fishing mortality. The framework is fully generalizable, at least conceptually, without requiring additional assumptions or extensions that are less plausible than the assumptions already made in fisheries applications. However, application of the three-stage framework in fisheries hinges on the existence of some relationship between stock productivity and SSB as the basis for selecting a limit reference point and positioning a precautionary reference point. Three types of relationship can exist in fisheries data, and the framework has strategies for dealing with each. In an ecosystem application, the notion of a relationship between productivity and the amount of an ecosystem feature is sometimes appropriate, but sometimes the response variable may be resilience of the feature to perturbation or its ability to serve some ecosystem function as a function of the extent of the feature. The generalized framework accommodates all three types of response in five functional relationships, each of which can allow locating a candidate limit reference point.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsp021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 10
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    Direct and indirect community effects of rebuilding plans
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2010
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 67, No. 9 ( 2010-12-01), p. 1980-1988
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 67, No. 9 ( 2010-12-01), p. 1980-1988
    Abstract: Andersen, K. H., and Rice, J. C. 2010. Direct and indirect community effects of rebuilding plans. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1980–1988. Many fish communities are heavily exploited and rebuilding plans need to be implemented for depleted species. Within an ecosystem approach to management, development of rebuilding plans should include consideration of the expected consequences of the rebuilding of the target species on the rest of the marine community. Using size- and trait-based single-species and community models, a general assessment is made of the direct and indirect ecological consequences of a rebuilding plan based on a reduction in fishing mortality. If fishing mortality is sufficiently reduced, the time-scale of rebuilding is in the order of the time to reach maturation of an individual, and the expected trajectory can be reliably predicted by a single-species model. Indirect effects of increased abundance are a decrease in individuals in the trophic levels above and below the target species. The decrease in biomass of the neighbouring trophic levels is expected to be much smaller than the increase in the target species and to be largest in species on the trophic level above. We discuss which effects could be responsible when a rebuilding plan does not result in the expected increase and how our results could be applied in a practical management situation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsq035
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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