Note: Intro -- Foreword by Urban Svensson -- Foreword by Jörgen Sahlberg -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to First Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Physics and Biogeochemistry -- 2.1 Conservation Principles and Governing Equations -- 2.2 Physical Aspects -- 2.3 Simplifications -- 2.4 Water Masses and Water Pools -- 2.5 Strait Flows -- 2.6 Turbulence -- 2.7 Water and Salt Balances -- 2.8 Heat Balance -- 2.9 Nutrient Balance and Primary Production -- 2.10 Acid--Base (pH) Balances -- 2.11 Some Comments Related to Climate Change -- 3 Physical Aspects -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Turbulence, Numerical Methods, and Programs -- 3.3 Modeling the Ekman Ocean Boundary Layer -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 3.3.3 Details of Calculations -- 3.3.4 Results -- 3.3.5 Discussion -- 3.4 Modeling Shallow and Deep Lakes -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 3.4.3 Details of Calculations -- 3.4.4 Results -- 3.4.5 Discussion -- 3.5 Modeling the Ekman Ocean Boundary Layer Influenced by Temperature and Salinity -- 3.5.1 Introduction -- 3.5.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 3.5.3 Details of Calculations -- 3.5.4 Results -- 3.5.5 Discussion -- 3.6 Modeling an Ice-Covered Ocean Boundary Layer -- 3.6.1 Introduction -- 3.6.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 3.6.3 Details of Calculations -- 3.6.4 Results -- 3.6.5 Discussion -- 3.7 Modeling Turbulence in the Upper Layers of the Ocean -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 3.7.2.1 Zero-Equation Models -- 3.7.2.2 One-Equation Models -- 3.7.2.3 Two-Equation Models -- 3.7.3 Details of Calculations -- 3.7.4 Results -- 3.7.5 Discussion -- 3.8 Modeling Tidal Dynamics in the Ocean -- 3.8.1 Introduction -- 3.8.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 3.8.3 Details of Calculations -- 3.8.4 Results. , 3.8.5 Discussion -- 4 Biogeochemical Aspects -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Basic Equations, Stoichiometrics, and Unit Transformations -- 4.3 Modeling the Dynamics of Oxygen -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 4.3.3 Details of Calculations -- 4.3.4 Results -- 4.3.5 Discussion -- 4.4 Modeling Plankton Growth/Decay -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 4.4.3 Details of Calculations -- 4.4.4 Results -- 4.4.5 Discussion -- 4.5 Modeling the Dynamics of Nutrients -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 4.5.3 Details of Calculations -- 4.5.4 Results -- 4.5.5 Discussion -- 4.6 Modeling Dissolved Inorganic Carbon -- 4.6.1 Introduction -- 4.6.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 4.6.3 Details of Calculations -- 4.6.4 Results -- 4.6.5 Discussion -- 4.7 Modeling the Dynamics of Plankton, Oxygen, and Carbon -- 4.7.1 Introduction -- 4.7.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 4.7.3 Details of Calculations -- 4.7.4 Results -- 4.7.5 Discussion -- 4.8 Modeling the Dynamics of CO2 in a Redox Environment -- 4.8.1 Introduction -- 4.8.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 4.8.3 Details of Calculations -- 4.8.4 Results -- 4.8.5 Discussion -- 5 Construction of Nets of Sub-basins -- 5.1 Modeling Two Coupled Sub-basins -- 5.1.1 Introduction -- 5.1.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 5.1.3 Details of Calculations -- 5.1.4 Results -- 5.1.5 Discussion -- 5.2 The PROBE-Baltic Model System: Physical Aspects -- 5.2.1 Introduction -- 5.2.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 5.2.3 Details of Calculations -- 5.2.4 Results -- 5.2.5 Discussion -- 5.3 The PROBE-Baltic Model System: Oxygen Aspects -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 5.3.3 Details of Calculations -- 5.3.4 Results -- 5.3.5 Discussion -- 5.4 The PROBE-Baltic System: Biogeochemical Aspects -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Mathematical Formulation -- 5.4.3 Details of Calculations. , 5.4.4 Results -- 5.4.5 Discussion -- 5.5 Comments on Detection, Attribution, and Future Changes -- 5.5.1 Introduction -- 5.5.2 Recent Decline of Sea Ice in the Baltic Sea -- 5.5.3 Recent Increase of Hypoxia in the Baltic Sea -- 5.5.4 Modeling Future Changes -- 6 Solutions Manual -- 6.1 Solutions to Exercises in Chapter 2 -- 6.2 Solutions to Exercises in Chapter 3 -- 6.3 Solutions to Exercises in Chapter 4 -- 6.4 Solutions to Exercises in Chapter 5 -- 7 Summary and Conclusions -- Appendix A Introduction to FORTRAN -- Appendix B Nomenclature -- Appendix C Data and Programs Neededfor the Exercises -- Appendix D The PROBE Manual -- Appendix E Reconstructions of Past AquaticConditions -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Foreword by Alice Newton -- Foreword by Martin Visbeck -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Abstract -- Contents -- About the Author -- About the Photographer -- List of Photographs -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 An Attempt to Connect to the Ocean -- References -- 3 Knowledge in Science and the Arts -- References -- 4 Ice and Curiosity -- References -- 5 Stratification, Turbulence, and Services -- References -- 6 Currents, Circulation, and Vulnerability -- References -- 7 Heat Balance, Water Temperature, and Interpretations -- References -- 8 Water Balance, Salinity, and Belonging -- References -- 9 Oxygen, Life, and Partnership -- References -- 10 Plankton and Courage -- References -- 11 Ecosystems and Listening -- References -- 12 Non-living Ocean Resources and Hope -- References -- 13 Human Interaction and Vision -- References -- 14 Climate Change, Human Influence, and Harmony -- References -- 15 Scenarios, the Future, and Simplicity -- References -- 16 Reconnecting to the Ocean -- References -- 17 Orchestration -- Reference -- Notes -- Appendix A Some Mathematical Insights -- A.1 Introduction -- Conservation Equations -- Physical Properties -- References -- A.2 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics -- References -- A.3 Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics -- References -- A.4 Population Dynamics -- References -- A.5 Mathematics of Emotions and Artificial Intelligence -- References -- Appendix B Some Useful Websites -- B.1 Introduction -- -4pt- Glossary and Abbreviations.

Note: Intro -- Guide to Process Based Modeling of Lakes and Coastal Seas -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword by Urban Svensson -- Foreword by Jörgen Sahlberg -- Acknowledgments -- Figures -- Tables -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background physics and biogeochemistry -- 2.1 CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES AND GOVERNING EQUATIONS -- 2.2 PHYSICAL ASPECTS -- 2.3 SIMPLIFICATIONS -- 2.4 WATER MASSES AND WATER POOLS -- 2.5 STRAIT FLOWS -- 2.6 TURBULENCE -- 2.7 WATER AND SALT BALANCES -- 2.8 HEAT BALANCE -- 2.9 NUTRIENT BALANCES AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION -- 2.10 ACID-BASE (pH) BALANCE -- 2.11 SOME COMMENTS RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE -- 3 Physical aspects -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 TURBULENCE, NUMERICAL METHODS, AND PROGRAMS -- 3.3 MODELING THE EKMAN OCEAN BOUNDARY LAYER -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Mathematical formulation -- 3.3.3 Details of calculations -- 3.3.4 Results -- 3.3.5 Discussion -- 3.4 MODELING SHALLOW AND DEEP LAKES -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Mathematical formulation -- 3.4.3 Details of calculations -- 3.4.4 Results -- 3.4.5 Discussion -- 3.5 MODELING THE EKMAN OCEAN BOUNDARY LAYER INFLUENCED BY TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY -- 3.5.3 Details of calculations -- 3.5.5 Discussion -- 3.6 MODELING AN ICE-COVERED OCEAN BOUNDARY LAYER -- 3.6.1 Introduction -- 3.6.2 Mathematical formulation -- 3.6.3 Details of calculations -- 3.6.4 Results -- 3.6.5 Discussion -- 3.7 MODELING TURBULENCE IN THE UPPER LAYERS OF THE OCEAN -- 3.7.1 Introduction -- 3.7.2 Mathematical formulation -- 3.7.2.1 Zero-equation models -- 3.7.2.2 One-equation models -- 3.7.2.3 Two-equation models -- 3.7.3 Details of calculations -- 3.7.4 Results -- 3.7.5 Discussion -- 3.8 MODELING TIDAL DYNAMICS IN THE OCEAN -- 3.8.1 Introduction -- 3.8.2 Mathematical formulation -- 3.8.3 Details of calculations -- 3.8.4 Results -- 3.8.5 Discussion -- 4 Biogeochemical aspects. , 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 BASIC EQUATIONS, STOICHIOMETRICS, AND UNIT TRANSFORMATIONS -- 4.3 MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF OXYGEN -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Mathematical formulation -- 4.3.3 Details of calculations -- 4.3.4 Results -- 4.3.5 Discussion -- 4.4 MODELING PLANKTON GROWTH/DECAY -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 Mathematical formulation -- 4.4.3 Details of calculations -- 4.4.4 Results -- 4.4.5 Discussion -- 4.5 MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF NUTRIENTS -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Mathematical formulation -- 4.5.3 Details of calculations -- 4.5.4 Results -- 4.5.5 Discussion -- 4.6 MODELING DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON -- 4.6.1 Introduction -- 4.6.2 Mathematical formulation -- 4.6.3 Details of calculations -- 4.6.4 Results -- 4.6.5 Discussion -- 4.7 MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF PLANKTON, OXYGEN, AND CARBON -- 4.7.1 Introduction -- 4.7.2 Mathematical formulation -- 4.7.3 Details of calculations -- 4.7.4 Results -- 4.7.5 Discussion -- 5 Construction of nets of sub-basins -- 5.1 MODELING TWO-COUPLED SUB-BASINS -- 5.1.1 Introduction -- 5.1.2 Mathematical formulation -- 5.1.3 Details of calculations -- 5.1.4 Results -- 5.1.5 Discussion -- 5.2 THE PROBE-BALTIC MODEL SYSTEM: PHYSICAL ASPECTS -- 5.2.1 Introduction -- 5.2.2 Mathematical formulation -- 5.2.3 Details of calculations -- 5.2.4 Results -- 5.2.5 Discussion -- 5.3 THE PROBE-BALTIC MODEL SYSTEM: OXYGEN ASPECTS -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Mathematical formulation -- 5.3.3 Details of calculations -- 5.3.4 Results -- 5.3.5 Discussion -- 5.4 THE PROBE-BALTIC MODEL SYSTEM: BIOGEOCHEMICAL ASPECTS -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Mathematical formulation -- 5.4.3 Details of calculations -- 5.4.4 Results -- 5.4.5 Discussion -- 6 Solutions manual -- 6.1 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES IN CHAPTER 2 -- 6.2 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES IN CHAPTER 3 -- 6.3 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES IN CHAPTER 4 -- 6.4 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES IN CHAPTER 5. , 7 Summary and conclusions -- Appendix A -- Introduction to FORTRAN -- Appendix B -- Nomenclature -- Appendix C -- Data and programs needed for the exercises -- Appendix D -- The PROBE Manual -- PROBE -- D.1 INTRODUCTION -- D.1.1 Purpose of the manual -- D.1.2 The general features of PROBE -- D.1.3 What PROBE can do -- The entrainment experiment by Kantha, Phillips, and Azad (1977) -- Autumn cooling of the ocean -- The adiabatic atmospheric boundary layer -- D.1.4 The history and future of PROBE -- D.1.5 Outline of the manual -- D.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF BASIC EQUATIONS AND TECHNIQUES -- D.2.1 The general differential equation -- D.2.2 Numerical methods employed -- D.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE CODE -- D.3.1 Flow diagrams -- D.3.2 General section subroutines -- MAIN -- DFAULT -- GRID -- AREAD -- OUTPUT -- STORE -- SURF -- PHYS -- COMP -- BOUND -- PEA -- D.3.3 User section subroutine -- D.4 HOW TO USE PROBE -- D.4.1 Analysis of the problem considered -- D.4.2 Modification of default data -- Group 0 -- Group 1 -- Group 2 -- Group 3 -- Group 4 -- Group 5 -- Group 6 -- Group 7 -- Group 8 -- Group 9 -- Group 10 -- Group 11 -- Group 12 -- Group 13 -- D.4.3 The CASE subroutine -- D.4.4 Test calculation -- D.5 ADVICE ON EFFECTIVE USE -- D.5.1 Grid independence in space and time -- D.5.2 Use of integral checks -- D.5.3 Verification studies -- D.5.4 Causes of diverging solutions -- D.5.5 Some advice on installing PROBE -- D.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- D.7 NOMENCLATURE -- D.8 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION -- D.8.1 Basic assumptions -- D.8.2 Momentum equations -- D.8.3 Heat energy equation -- D.8.4 Salinity and concentration equations -- D.8.5 Turbulence model -- D.8.6 Turbulent Prandtl numbers and stability functions -- D.8.7 Boundary conditions -- D.8.8 Equation of state -- D.9 FINITE DIFFERENCE EQUIATIONS FOR THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT OPTION -- D.9.1 Introduction. , D.9.2 The grid arrangement and the general differential equation -- D.9.3 Integration over a control volume -- D.9.4 Coefficients for control volumes at boundaries -- Background -- The value of ф is prescribed -- The flux of ф is prescribed -- D.10 FINITE DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL STEADY-STATE OPTIONS (from Nordblom, 1997) -- Group I The horizontal convection term -- Group II Horizontal convection and diffusion terms -- The upwind scheme -- The exponential scheme and variants -- Group III The source term -- Calculation of vertical velocity -- D.11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- D.12 REFERENCES -- D.12.1 Literature references for the manual -- D.12.2 Papers and reports based on the use of PROBE -- Appendix E -- Reconstructions of past aquatic conditions -- References -- Index.

Note: "School of Environmental Research--organized by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , Includes bibliographical references and index

Note: Includes bibliographical references , IntroductionCatch the dream -- Finding words for feelings -- Meaning of symbols -- Triggers -- To be touched -- Exploring the unconscious and the unknown -- Inspiration -- Searching the emotional context -- Playback and meaning -- Strengthen humanity -- Science and dreams.