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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Drinking Water in Sicily : Hydrogeological and Hydrogeochemical Aspects (2024)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geochemistry. ; Environmental monitoring.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 - Introduction -- 2. Mount Etna,- 3. Hydrogeological Basin of the Hyblean Mountains -- 4. Madonie hydrogeological basin -- 5. Nebrodi Mountains hydrogeological basin -- 6. Hydrogeological Basin of the Palermo Mountains -- 7. Peloritani Mountains Hydrogeological Basin -- 8. Piazza Armerina hydrogeological basin -- 9. Rocca Busambra hydrogeological basin -- 10. Sicani Mountains hydrogeological basin -- 11. Trabia and Termini-Imerese hydrogeological basin -- 12. Trapani Mountains hydrogeological basin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 234 p. 113 illus., 76 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    ISBN: 9783031604737
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60473-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60473-7
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Effect of solid waste landfill organic pollutants on groundwater in three areas of Sicily (Italy) characterized by different vulnerability (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-24
    Description: The aim of this study was to obtain information on the presence and levels of hazardous organic pollutants in groundwater located close to solid waste landfills. Eighty-two environmental contaminants, including 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 20 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 29 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 7 dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDDs) and 10 furans (polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDFs) were monitored in areas characterised by different geological environments surrounding three municipal solid waste landfills (Palermo, Siculiana and Ragusa) in Sicily (Italy) in three sampling campaigns. The total concentrations of the 16 PAHs were always below the legal threshold. Overall, the Fl/Fl + Py diagnostic ratio revealed that PAHs had a petrogenic origin. VOC levels, except for two notable exceptions near Palermo landfill, were always below the legal limit. As concerns PCB levels, several samples were found positive with levels exceeding the legal limits. It is worth noting that the % PCB distribution differs from that of commercial compositions. In parallel, some samples of groundwater containing PCDDs and PCDFs exceeding the legal threshold were also found. Among the 17 congeners monitored, the most abundant were the highest molecular weight ones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 16869 – 16882
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Changes in heat released by hydrothermal circulation monitored during an eruptive cycle at Mt. Etna (Italy) (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-26
    Description: The shallow vertical temperature profile has been measured in the proximity of an eruptive fissure far about 4 km north-northeast from Mt. Etna central craters. The monitoring site was a steam-heated soil lying between a group of flank fractures on the upper northeast flank of Mt. Etna (Italy), i.e., on the northeast rift. We chose this area because it was close to an eruptive fissure, that opened in 2002 and extended from about 2500 to about 1500 m a.s.l., with our aim being to determine a connection between this fracture system and the ongoing volcanic activity. Heat flux anomalies from the ground from September 2009 to September 2012 were evaluated. Changes in the hydrothermal release—which can be related to variations in volcanic activity—are discussed and compared to the published geophysical data. The heat flux ranges varied during the pre-eruptive (from about 7 to 38 W×m−2), syn-eruptive (from about 3 to 49W×m−2), and post-eruptive phases, with the heat released being lowest at the latter phase (from about 1 to 20 W×m−2). Moreover, the heat flux time variation was strongly correlated with the eruption rate from the new southeast crater between January 2011 and April 2012. The migration of magma through active conduits acts as a changing heating source for steam-heated soils located above the active fractures. Our findings suggest that tracking the heat flux above active fractures constitutes a useful investigation field for low-cost thermal monitoring of volcanic activity. Time variations in their emissions could highlight the relationship between a hydrothermal circuit and the local network of fractures, possibly indicating variation in the structural weakness of a volcanic edifice. Continuous monitoring of heat flux, combined with a realistic model, would contribute to multidisciplinary investigations aimed at evaluating changes in volcano dynamics.
    Description: National Department of Civil Protection
    Description: Published
    Description: 31
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Volcanic activity ; Ground temperature ; Heat flux ; Continuous monitoring ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Hydrogeologic and geochemical survey of aquifers based on chemical and isotopic characterisation of groundwater and rain waters: a case study in the Sisseb el Alem Basin (central-east Tunisia) (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-25
    Description: Chemical and isotopic composition of groundwaters and rain waters in the Sisseb el Alem basin (Tunisia) was monitored to obtain a hydrologic and geochemical characterization of the aquifers. The studied aquifers are the only water resource for domestic and irrigation use in the basin. Two aquifers have been identified by hydrogeologic data, one, shallower, flowing in Plio-Quaternary sediments, the other, deeper, in Miocenic–Oligocenic sediments. Although this area is intensively farmed with widespread fertiliser use and settlements are unsewered, groundwater in the area is relatively uncontaminated by land-use activities. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the sampled waters, which have a meteoric origin, are largely controlled by both the geological signatures of their drainage area and by evaporative processes and water–rock interaction (reverse cationic exchange) phenomena. Geochemical data suggest, on the basis of the Na/Cl, Cl/SO4 ratios and concentrations of Li, Sr, and Mn, that a hydraulic connection exists between two distinctive aquifers. One strongly influenced by Lake Saadine water characterised by Na/Cl 〉 1, high Cl/SO4 and Li, Sr, and Mn 〉 0.1 meq/l, the other, deeper, characterised by Na/Cl 〈 1, low and near constant Cl/SO4 and Li, Sr, and Mn 〈 0.1 meq/l. Despite relatively high salinity and SAR values, all sampled waters are suitable for irrigation in well-draining soils. The isotopic composition of the rain waters highlights the importance of evaporation in controlling the composition of the groundwater.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 346
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry ; Stable isotopes ; Sisseb el Alem Basin (Tunisia) ; Water budget ; Groundwater ; Rain water ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Stromboli volcanic activity variations inferred from observations of fluid geochemistry: 16 years of continuous monitoring of soil CO 2 fluxes (2000–2015) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-09
    Description: Stromboli volcano is characterized by a persistent strombolian activity thatwas interrupted by effusive eruptions in 1985, 2002–2003, 2007, and 2014. The considerable amount of soil CO2 flux data acquired by the continuous geochemical network installed in the summit and peripheral areas of Stromboli Island have allowed us to thoroughly investigate and to model the plumbing system. This study analyzed 16 years of soil CO2 fluxes from the summit area, which showed a wide range of values (from 2000 to 85,000 g m−2 day−1). A set of discontinuous pCO2 data (ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 atm) from a dedicated thermal well (COA) drilled in the Stromboli village has been taken into account for the peripheral degassing evaluation. One of the major accomplishments of this study is the confirmation of the previous formulated geochemical model based on of the soil CO2 fluxes database and the recent effusive eruptions. The analysis of soil summit degassing data recorded at the summit STR02 station throughout the monitoring period (2000–2015) revealed that the log(CO2 flux) values conformed to a polimodal distribution with different mean values of CO2 fluxes being recorded for each sub-period during the different effusive eruptions. The three selected periods (2000–2004, 2005–2010, and 2011–2015) were characterized by considerable increases in soil CO2 degassing coinciding with the periods of effusive eruptions, indicating volatiles overpressure and disequilibrium of the volcanic system. Moreover, the CO2 output evaluations based on soil CO2 fluxes and pCO2 values of thermal waters (COA), have showed a long increasing trend both in the summit and peripheral areas. From 2007 to 2014, culminating in the last effusive eruption (August–November 2014).
    Description: Published
    Description: 69-84
    Description: 3V. Proprietà dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Groundwater of Sicily (Italy) Close to Landfill Sites: Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-10
    Description: Groundwater close to three municipal solid waste landfll sites in Sicily (southern Italy) was sampled to determine the presence of contaminants and the risk associated with its possible use as drinking and sanitary water. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and metals were investigated. These target compounds are the most common pollutants present in leachates. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS, US EPA) was used to assess human health risk. Ingestion, dermal, and total exposure to these xenobiotic contaminants in groundwater were evaluated, and the cancer and non-cancer risk indexes were calculated. The results revealed that, while the groundwater complied with Italian Drinking Water Directive 30/2001, it did not comply with the "good environmental state" criteria of Directive 30/2009 at two of the three sites investigated. Worrying results were revealed by the risk assessment at the investigated sites. Cancer and non-cancer risk indexes indicated a probable risk, mainly due to dermal exposure to groundwater. These results underline the importance of assessing the risk for all possible routes, evaluating not only ingestion but also dermal exposure, especially when organic pollutants are present. The results of this study show that human health risk has probably been underestimated in the past, as dermal exposure to organic pollutants has only rarely been evaluated in the literature.
    Description: Published
    Description: 535–550
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Human health risk ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Dioxin PCDD/Fs ; Toxic elements ; Environmental quality standard
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Hydrogeochemical characterization of the alluvial aquifer of Catania Plain, Sicily (South Italy) (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-20
    Description: A hydrogeochemical study was carried out on the shallow Catania Plain alluvial aquifer, in eastern Sicily to reconstruct its hydrogeological structure, the meteoric recharge and to assess the infuence of human activities on groundwater. To characterize the geochemistry of the shallow aquifer, two sampling campaigns were carried out, August–October 2004 and April–May 2005 in 47 sites distributed throughout the plain. The samples were collected and analyzed for physical–chemical parameters and major ions, as well as stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2 H). Alluvial deposits with heterogeneous grain sizes constitute the aquifer. Varying conditions of vertical and horizontal permeability lead to the presence of a multilayered aquifer with diferent conditions of confnement and partial interconnection among layers. The sampled waters were separated into four groups of diferent compositions due to the water–rock interaction with the diferent lithologies present in and around the study area. Maps of electrical conductivity and sulfate show a systematic control of land use, in correspondence with the biggest farms. High sulfate concentration is due to both the natural interaction between local meteoric waters and Etna’s plume and the mixing with groundwater coming from the area where evaporitic rocks of the Gessoso Solffera formation are present. In addition, anthropogenic contamination cannot be ruled out. A rain gauge network, consisting of 3 sites located at diferent altitudes, was installed to collect rain waters to determine isotopic data (δ2 H and δ18O) and to measure the monthly rainfall amount. Based on the isotopic composition of sampled waters, it has been established that beyond the direct meteoric recharge, the recharging areas are in the North (Mt. Etna) and the South (Hyblean Plateau).
    Description: Published
    Description: 144
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrochemistry ; Stable isotopes ; Hydrogeology ; Catania plain
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Crustal uplift rates implied by synchronously investigating Late Quaternary marine terraces in the Milazzo Peninsula, Northeast Sicily, Italy (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: Late Quaternary crustal uplift is well recognized in northeast Sicily, southern Italy, a region also prone to damaging earthquakes such as the 1908 “Messina” earthquake (Mw 7.1), the deadliest seismic event reported within the Italian Earthquake Catalogue. Yet it is still understudied if, within the Milazzo Peninsula, crustal uplift rates are varying spatially and temporally and whether they may be either influenced by (i) local upper-plate faulting activity or (ii) deep geodynamic processes. To investigate the long-term crustal vertical movements in northeast Sicily, we have mapped a flight of Middle-Late Pleistocene marine terraces within the Milazzo Peninsula and in its southern area and refined their chronology, using a synchronous correlation approach driven by published age controls. This has allowed a new calculation of the associated crustal uplift rates, along a north–south oriented coastal-parallel transect within the investigated area. Our results show a decreasing uplift rate from south to north across the Milazzo Peninsula and beyond, and that the associated rates of uplift have been constant through the Late Quaternary. This spatially varying yet temporally constant vertical deformation helps to constrain the amount of uplift, allowing us to explore which is the driving mechanism(s), proposing a few related scenarios. We discuss our results in terms of tectonic implications and emphasize the importance of using appropriate approaches, as such applying a synchronous correlation method, to refine chronologies of undated palaeoshorelines when used for tectonic investigations.
    Description: In press
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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