Note: Intro -- Contents -- Teaching English as a Second Language: Improving Digital Literacy Skills -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Findings -- 4 Methods -- 4.1 Contemporary Practices -- 5 Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References: -- ICT-Based Collaborative Learning Approach: Enhancing Students' Language Skills -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Need of ICT in the Teaching and Learning Process -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Warm-Up -- 4.2 Student Roles -- 4.3 Grouping Students -- 4.4 Language Focused Task -- 4.5 Monitoring Groups -- 4.6 Collecting Responses Checking for Accuracy -- 4.7 Changing Roles -- 4.8 Listening Activity Through Audio Aids -- 4.9 Collecting Responses and Checking for Comprehension -- 4.10 Changing Roles Again -- 4.11 Solving the Mystery -- 4.12 Collecting Answers -- 4.13 Final Comprehension Check -- 4.14 Wrap Up -- 5 Data Collection Procedures -- 6 Results -- 6.1 Results for the Effectiveness of CL on Students' Integrating Language Skills Through Questionnaire Are as Follows -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Modified Sierpinski Carpet Fractal Antenna for the Wireless Applications -- 1 Overview -- 2 Design of Antenna -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Simulated and Experimental Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- COVID-19 Recovery Prediction Using Regression-Based Machine Learning Approaches -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods Used -- 2.1 Linear Regression (LR) -- 2.2 Ridge Regression -- 2.3 Elastic Net -- 2.4 Support Vector Regression -- 2.5 Decision Trees -- 2.6 Random Forests -- 2.7 Extra Trees -- 2.8 Deep Learning Multilayer Perceptron -- 3 Data and Methodology -- 3.1 Data Description -- 3.2 Data Preprocessing and Visualization -- 4 Methodology Used -- 4.1 Performance Metrics -- 5 Predictions and Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References. , Regression to Forecast: An In-Play Outcome Prediction for One-Day Cricket Matches -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background and Related Works -- 3 Proposed Metric to Quantify Player Quality -- 4 Form and Batting Resource of the Team -- 5 Model to Forecast Win Probability -- 6 Model Predictions and Results -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Analysis of OFDMA Over AWGN and Rician Channels -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Technique -- 2.1 OFDM with AWGN Channel -- 2.2 OFDMA with Rician Channel -- 3 System Development -- 3.1 Result Analysis -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- A Review on Internet of Wearable Things for Pervasive E-Health Care: Energy Efficiency and Prospects -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Background of IoWT -- 3.1 Requirements -- 3.2 Application Scenarios -- 4 Energy Efficiency Improving Schemes -- 4.1 Task-Offloading -- 4.2 Duty Cycling -- 4.3 Energy-Aware Routing -- 4.4 Low-Power Embedded Design -- 4.5 Low-Power Communications -- 4.6 Adaptive Transmission Power Control -- 4.7 Compressive Sensing -- 4.8 IoWT Data Compression -- 4.9 Approximate Computing -- 4.10 Lightweight Security -- 5 Key Challenges and Future Directions -- 5.1 Challenges -- 5.2 Future Directions -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- An Analysis on Tesla's Stock Price Forecasting Using ARIMA Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 ARIMA Model -- 2.2 Performance Metrics -- 3 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 3.1 ARIMA Model for Tesla Stock Price -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Multi-regressions Based-Traditional Machine Learning Approach for Energy Forecasting System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Proposed Methodology -- 4 Result -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Comparative Study of Various Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Energy Prediction and Consumption Using IoT Modules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Conclusion. , References -- Emulating SoCs for Accelerating Pre-Si Validation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 HW/SW Co-Design -- 3 Experimental Platform -- 4 Profiling -- 5 Implementation Flow -- 6 Simulation Time/Speed up for Benchmark Design -- 7 Results and Discussions -- References -- Optimization of Power Flow in DC Microgrid Connected to Electric Vehicle Charging Station -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Energy Management for EV Charging -- 3 System Description -- 4 Result and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Static Hand Gesture Prediction Using Inception V3 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Static Hand Gesture Recognition System -- 3.1 ASL Data -- 3.2 Implementation -- 4 Result -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Evaluation on Radiation Exposure in Human Eye Tissue Model with IFA -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Specific Absorption Rate -- 1.2 Inverted F Antenna -- 2 Tissue Modeling and Experimental Setup -- 2.1 Modeling Background -- 2.2 Geometry and Dimensions of IFA -- 2.3 Dielectric Properties of Eye Tissues -- 3 Results and Validation -- 3.1 Operation Characteristics -- 3.2 Far field in 3D -- 3.3 Gain and Near Field -- 3.4 SAR Comparison -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- A Novel Approach for Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining on Social Media Tweets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Proposed System -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 4.1 Word-Level Sentiment Analysis -- 4.2 Querying Sentiment Words -- 4.3 Sentence-Level Sentiment Classification -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Cloud Control Cold Storage System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Implementation of Cloud Control Cold Storage System -- 3 Simulation -- 4 Hardware Implementation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Comparative Study of Neural Networks (G/C/RNN) and Traditional Machine Learning Models on EEG Datasets -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Literature Survey -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 EEG Datasets. , 2.2 Machine Learning Models -- 3 Result -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Artificial Intelligent Models for Automatic Diagnosis of Foetal Cardiac Anomalies: A Meta-Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background Study -- 3 Literature Review -- 3.1 Medical Literatures Suggesting Technological Interventions -- 3.2 Review of Articles Related to Diagnosing Diseases Using Machine Learning/Deep Learning and Ultrasound Scan Images -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Phase 1: Model for Preliminary Classification and Screening -- 4.2 Phase 2: Diagnostic Model -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- DLoader: Migration of Data from SQL to NoSQL Databases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Proposed Work -- 3.1 Relational Databases -- 3.2 NoSQL Databases -- 3.3 SQL to NoSQL Transformation -- 4 Experimentation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Maximum Boost Control of Quasi-Z-Source Inverter with DSTATCOM for a Wind Energy System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Operation of Maximum Boost Control of Single-Phase Enhanced Quasi-Z-Source -- 2.1 Wind Energy System -- 2.2 Enhanced Boost Quasi-Z-Source Inverter -- 2.3 DSTATCOM -- 3 Simulation Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Design and Development of Multi-copter Drone Incorporating with Multispectral Sensor for Agricultural Application -- 1 Introduction -- 2 AIMS and Objectives -- 3 UAV System and Payload Description -- 3.1 UAV Platform -- 3.2 Sensor Platform -- 4 Proposed Methodology -- 4.1 Study Area -- 5 Process of UAV Data Collection -- 6 UAV Data Processing -- 6.1 Multispectral Calibration Reflectance Panel for Radiometric Calibration -- 6.2 Creating Toolbox for Calculating Vegetation Indices -- 6.3 Data Processing -- 7 Results and Discussions -- 7.1 Vegetation Analysis for Different Vegetation Indices -- 8 Conclusion -- References. , Mitigation of RSSI Variations Using Frequency Analysis and Kalman Filtering -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Preliminary Study -- 3.1 RSSI -- 3.2 RSSI Filtering -- 4 System Design -- 5 Experiment and Analysis -- 5.1 Setup for Experiments -- 5.2 RSSI Fluctuation -- 5.3 Analysis of Various Filters -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- A Novel Approach for High Authentication in Digital Watermarking Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Survey -- 3 Proposed System -- 4 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Exploring the Impact of Indian Revenues During COVID-19 Using Social Network Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methods -- 3 Related Work -- 4 Proposed Work -- 5 Observation and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Fingerprint Image Enhancement for Crime Detection Using Deep Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Proposed Methodology -- 3.1 Image Pre-processing -- 3.2 Image Classification -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Semantic Segmentation of Retinal Vasculature Using Light Patch-Based Dilated CNN -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Dataset -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Patched Input -- 3.2 Dilated Convolution -- 3.3 Light Patch-Based Network -- 4 Result and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Novel Study on Tools and Frameworks for Mitigating Bias in Multimodal Datasets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Need of Identifying Bias in Datasets -- 3 Tools and Frameworks for Mitigating Bias in Datasets -- 3.1 REVISE (REvealing VIsual BiaSEs) -- 3.2 FairML -- 3.3 IBM AI Fairness 360 -- 3.4 Accenture's "Teach and Test" Methodology -- 3.5 Google's What-If Tool -- 3.6 Microsoft's Fairlearn -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Machine Learning Framework for Stagewise Classification of Alzheimer's Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Proposed Work -- 3.1 Dataset. , 3.2 EDA (Univariate, Bivariate, Multivariate Analysis).

Note: Intro -- Contents -- A Methodology for Selecting Smart Contract in Blockchain-Based Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Smart Contract Use Cases -- 4 Challenges in Implementing Smart Contract -- 5 Proposed Methodology -- 6 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Deep Learning Neural Networks for Detection of Onset Leukemia from Microscopic Images -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Algorithms -- 3.1 Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm -- 3.2 Active Contours -- 3.3 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Design of 4 × 4 Butler Matrix for 5G High Band of 26 GHz -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Design of Butler Matrix and Its Subcomponents -- 2.1 Design of Branch Line Coupler -- 2.2 Design of 0 dB Crossover -- 2.3 Design of Phase Shifter -- 2.4 Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna -- 2.5 Design of Overall Butler Matrix -- 3 Results and Analysis -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Pedestrian and Vehicle Detection for Visually Impaired People -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Data Acquisition and Pre-processing -- 2.2 Feature Extraction -- 2.3 Dimensionality Reduction -- 2.4 Classification of Vehicles and Pedestrian -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Measuring Effectiveness of CSR Activities to Reinforce Brand Equity by Using Graph-Based Analytics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Pre-processing of Data -- 4 Modelling and Analysis -- 5 Results and Conclusion -- References -- Design and Implementation of Built-In Self-Test (BIST) Master Slave Communication Using I2C Protocol -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Objectives -- 1.3 Need and Importance -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Existing Methods -- 3.2 Proposed Method -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography. , Implementation of Finite Element Method in Opera Software for Design and Analysis of High-Voltage Busbar Supports -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Technical Specifications of 33 kV Busbar Are of Use -- 3 Finite Element Method -- 4 Simulation Method -- 5 Design of High-Voltage Busbar Supports in Opera -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- InterCloud: Utility-Oriented Federation of Cloud Computing Environments Through Different Application Services -- 1 Introduction -- 2 System Architecture -- 3 Elements of InterCloud -- 3.1 Cloud Coordinator (CC) -- 3.2 Cloud Broker (CB) -- 4 The Performance of the Federated Cloud Environment -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Cross-Cultural Translation Studies in the Context of Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Strategies -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Challenges -- 1.2 Strategies -- 2 Cross Cultural Translation -- 3 Contextual Artificial Intelligence -- 4 Artificial Intelligence Translators -- 4.1 Advantages of Artificial Intelligence Translation -- 4.2 Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence Translation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Design of Low-Power OTA for Bio-medical Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Architecture of OTA -- 3 Simulation Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Analysis of the Efficiency of Parallel Prefix Adders -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conventional Multi-bit Adders -- 2.1 Ripple-Carry Adder -- 2.2 Carry-Skip Adder -- 2.3 Carry Lookahead Adder -- 3 Parallel Prefix Adders -- 3.1 Kogge-Stone Adder -- 3.2 Brent-Kung Adder -- 3.3 Han-Carlson Adder -- 3.4 Ladner-Fischer Adder -- 4 Performance Comparison of Parallel Prefix Adders -- 4.1 Analysis of Efficiency Utilizing Xilinx's Vivado Design Suite -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Design of Efficient 8-Bit Fixed Tree Adder -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Architecture of FL-AT and FX-AT. , 4 Architecture of Truncated Fixed-Width Adder Tree (TFX-AT) -- 5 Improved ITFX-AT Architecture -- 6 Simulation Results -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Design of T Flip-Flop Based on QCA Technology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basics of QCA -- 2.1 Basic Cell in QCA -- 3 QCA Implementation of Proposed T Flip-Flop -- 4 Simulation Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Efficient Image Watermarking Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Convolutional Neural Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Methodology -- 3.1 Feature Extraction -- 3.2 Optimization Coefficient (K) -- 3.3 Embedding of Watermark -- 4 Experimental Analysis -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- A Review on Various Cloud-Based Electronic Health Record Maintenance System for COVID-19 Patients -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Corona Virus -- 2.1 Possibilities of Transmission -- 2.2 Diagnosis Methods -- 2.3 Prevention Methods -- 2.4 Severe Coronavirus Disease Patients with Coagulopathy -- 3 Implementation of Electronic Health Record -- 3.1 Attribute-Based Encryption -- 3.2 Privacy-Preserving Attribute-Based Mechanism -- 3.3 Fuzzy-Based Keyword Search in Document -- 3.4 Dynamic Multi-keyword-Based Search in Cloud -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Contourlet Transformed Image Fusion Based on Focused Pixels -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Existing Methods -- 3.2 Block Diagram -- 3.3 Implementation Tool -- 4 Experimental Results -- 5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Design of Efficient High-Speed Low-Power Consumption VLSI Architecture for Three-Operand Binary Adders -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Existing Methods -- 2.1 Carry-Save Adder -- 2.2 Han-Carlson Adder -- 3 Proposed Method -- 4 Simulation Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- DLCNN Model with Multi-exposure Fusion for Underwater Image Enhancement -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works. , 3 DLCNN Architecture -- 4 Proposed Method -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Machine Learning Approach-Based Plant Disease Detection and Pest Detection System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Existing Method -- 3 Plant Leaf Disease Detection System -- 3.1 Image Acquisition -- 3.2 Image Preprocessing -- 3.3 Image Histogram -- 3.4 Image Segmentation -- 3.5 Feature Selection -- 3.6 Classifier -- 4 Pest Detection System -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- RETRACTED CHAPTER: Design of Low Voltage Pre-settable Adiabatic Flip-Flops Using Novel Resettable Adiabatic Buffers -- Raspberry Pi-Based Smart Mirror -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Work -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Deep Learning Framework for Object Detection from Drone Videos -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Training Phase -- 3.2 Inference Phase -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- VoteChain: Electronic Voting with Ethereum for Multi-region Democracies -- 1 Introduction -- Design and Analysis of Multiband Self-complimentary Log Periodic Tripole Antenna (LPTA) for S and C-Band-Based Radar Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Design of Self-complimentary Log Periodic Tripole Antenna (LPTA) -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Performance of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Techniques in Cognitive Radio Based on Machine Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Spectrum Sensing -- 1.2 Machine Learning-Based SS -- 2 System Model -- 3 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Unified Power Quality Conditioner for V-V Connected Electrified Railway Traction Power Supply System -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Traction System Configuration -- 2 Design of D-STATCOM to Improve the Power Quality of Traction System -- 2.1 Control Algorithm of D-STATCOM. , 3 Design of UPQC Controller to Improve the Power Quality of Traction System -- 3.1 Design of DVR -- 3.2 Control Strategy of DVR -- 4 Simulation Result and Discussion -- 4.1 Without Any Compensator -- 4.2 With D-STATCOM -- 4.3 With DVR -- 4.4 With UPQC -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Intrusion Detection System Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Twilio -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed System -- 2.1 Objective -- 2.2 Overview -- 2.3 Tools and Methodologies Used -- 2.4 Working of the Proposed System -- 2.5 System Implementation -- 3 Experiment Results and Discussions -- 4 Conclusion and Future Scope -- Bibliography -- A Neural Network-Based Cardiovascular Disease Detection Using ECG Signals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 ECG Signals -- 3.2 Buffering -- 3.3 Multimodal Fusion -- 3.4 Clustering -- 3.5 Extraction -- 3.6 Classification by Convolutional Neural Network -- 3.7 Train Data Set -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Detection and Classification of Lung Cancer Using Optimized Two-Channel CNN Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Pre-processing -- 3.2 Segmentation with RCCN -- 3.3 Optimization by Cuckoo Search -- 3.4 Classification RCCN with Two-Channel CNN -- 3.5 Attributes -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Design of High Efficiency FIR Filters by Using Booth Multiplier and Data-Driven Clock Gating and Multibit Flip-Flops -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Objectives -- 1.3 Need and Importance -- 2 Existing Methods -- 3 Proposed Methodology -- 3.1 Using MATLAB -- 3.2 RTL Schematic Diagram -- 3.3 Data-Driven Clock Gating -- 3.4 Implementation Tool -- 4 Simulation Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Detecting the Clouds and Determining the Weather Condition and Coverage Area of Cloud Simultaneously Using CNN -- 1 Introduction. , 1.1 Objectives.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- IOT Smart Locker -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Workflow of the System -- 3.1 To Open This Smart Locker, the User Has to Go Under These Steps to Access the Locker -- 3.2 Tool Kit -- 3.3 Proposed Model -- 4 Result from Observation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Brief Analysis on Human Activity Recognition -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Human Activity Recognition (HAR) -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Deep Neural Network (DNN) -- 4 System Design -- 5 Result -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Lora-Based Smart Garbbage Alert Monitoring System Using ATMEGA 328, 2560, 128 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Existing System -- 4 Proposed System -- 5 Working -- 6 Cloud Database -- 7 Simulated Output of the System on the Cloud -- 8 Components Required -- 9 IR Sensor -- 10 LoRaWAN -- 11 Principle of Operation -- 12 Conclusion -- References -- Pre-birth Prognostication of Education and Learning of a Fetus While in the Uterus of the Mother Using Machine Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Why Subsidizing in Early Brain Development? -- 2.1 Literature Survey -- 2.2 The Three Key Aspects What Baby Learns -- 2.3 How Early Staged Career Guidance Can Shape Future -- 3 How the Future Learning Can Be Predicted -- 3.1 Applying Decision Tree to Predict Educational Stream -- 3.2 Merits and Demerits of This Predication -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Performance Analysis of Single-Stage PV Connected Three-Phase Grid System Under Steady State and Dynamic Conditions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Photovoltaic System -- 2.1 PV System -- 2.2 Power Electronic Converter -- 2.3 MPPT Method -- 3 Simulation Result Analysis -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Delay Feedback H_infty Control for Neutral Stochastic Fuzzy Systems with Time Delays -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Description -- 3 Main Results -- 4 Numerical Example. , 5 Conclusion -- References -- Modeling Crosstalk of Tau and ROS Implicated in Parkinson's Disease Using Biochemical Systems Theory -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Generalized Mass Action Kinetics -- 2.2 Michaelis-Menten's Kinetics -- 2.3 Hill Equation -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Increased Concentration Levels of ROS, Alpha Synuclein Aggregation and Oxidized DJ-1 in Diseased Conditions -- 3.2 Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leads to NFT Production in Diseased Conditions -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- IoT-Based Patient Vital Measuring System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Hardware and Software Platform -- 4 Result and Performance Analysis -- 5 Security Compliance -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- IoT-Enabled Logistics for E-waste Management and Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 E-waste Management Network -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Navigation Through Proxy Measurement of Location by Surface Detection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Data Collection -- 3.2 Data Preprocessing -- 3.3 Feature Extraction -- 3.4 Model Selection -- 3.5 Performance Evaluation -- 4 Conclusion and Future Enhancements -- References -- Unsupervised Learning Algorithms for Hydropower's Sensor Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 One Class Support Vector Machine -- 3.2 Isolation Forest -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Feature Construction Through Inductive Transfer Learning in Computer Vision -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Deep Learning -- 3 Transfer Learning -- 4 Target Dataset-Place Dataset -- 5 Overall Approach -- 5.1 Data Pre-processing -- 5.2 Model Transfer -- 5.3 Training the Datasets -- 5.4 Figures and Tables -- 6 Result -- 7 Conclusion and Future Work -- References. , Decoding Motor Behavior Biosignatures of Arm Movement Tasks Using Electroencephalography -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Subject Summary and Data Collection -- 2.2 Design of Experiment and Execution Steps -- 2.3 Design of Experiment and Execution Steps -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Increased Θ and γ Activity in Frontal and Temporal Regions in Motor Planning Phase of Cognitive Tasks -- 3.2 Behavioral Variations in Θ and γ Rhythms in Frontal, Temporal and Parietal Lobes in Motor Execution Phase of Cognitive Motor Performances -- 3.3 Activity Related Increase of Theta and Gamma Waves in Frontal and Temporal Regions in Linear and Complex Motor Actions -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Emergency Robot -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Literature Survey -- 2 Description of Vehicle Section -- 2.1 Gas detector -- 2.2 Metal Detector -- 2.3 Web Camera -- 2.4 Gun Control -- 3 System Implementation -- 3.1 Work Flow of the Model -- 3.2 Troubleshooting -- 4 Proposed System -- 4.1 Controlling Section -- 5 Hardware Implementation -- 5.1 Circuit Diagram -- 6 Result -- 7 Conclusion -- 8 Future Scope -- References -- Type Inference in Java: Characteristics and Limitations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Type Inference in Java -- 2.1 Java 5 -- 2.2 Java 7 -- 2.3 Java 8 -- 2.4 Java 10 -- 3 Limitations -- 3.1 Wildcard as Return Type -- 3.2 Chained Method Call -- 3.3 Local Variable Inference -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Detection and Correction of Potholes Using Machine Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 System Architecture -- 4 Support Vector Machine -- 4.1 Working of SVM -- 4.2 Working of Pothole Detection Robot -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Normal Support Vector Classifier (SVC) Where no Features Are Used Gives 62.5% Accuracy. -- 5.2 SVC with Corner Detection Gives 62.5% Accuracy. , 5.3 SVC with Canny Edge Detection is 75% Accuracy. -- 5.4 SVC with Canny Edge Detection and Corner Detection 68.75% Accuracy. -- 6 Future Scope -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Detecting COVID-19 Using Convolution Neural Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Approach -- 3.1 Data Preprocessing -- 3.2 Implementation -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Electroencephalography Measurements and Analysis of Cortical Activations Among Musicians and Non-musicians for Happy and Sad Indian Classical Music -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Subject Selection and Screening -- 2.2 Auditory Stimuli -- 2.3 Experiment Design -- 2.4 EEG Data Acquisition and Computational Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Brain Rhythms Shifts from Gamma-Alpha in Happy Music Perception and Alpha-Beta-Gamma for Other Auditory Cues in Musicians and Non-musicians -- 3.2 Behavioural Pattern Variations of Brain Rhythms for Sad Music Stimuli and Other Auditory Cues in Musicians and Non-musicians -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Signal Processing in Yoga-Related Neural Circuits and Implications of Stretching and Sitting Asana on Brain Function -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Experimental Protocol and Characteristics -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Increased Changes Attributed to Memory and Attention Observed in Practitioners -- 3.2 Statistical Analysis on the Task Scores Shows Homogenous Performance Between the Genders -- 3.3 Statistical Analysis on the Task Scores Shows There is Significant Difference Between the Groups -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Automation of Answer Scripts Evaluation-A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Challenges -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Diabetes Mellitus Detection and Diagnosis Using AI Classifier -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion. , 4 Conclusion -- References -- Review on Unit Selection-Based Concatenation Approach in Text to Speech Synthesis System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Process of Speech Production -- 2.1 Basic TTS System -- 3 Different Synthesizer Technologies -- 3.1 Concatenative Synthesis -- 3.2 Unit Selection Synthesis -- 3.3 Unit Selection and Specification Process -- 4 Comparison of Different Synthesis Methods -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Enhancing the Security of Confidential Data Using Video Steganography -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Steganography and Cryptography -- 2.1 Steganography -- 2.2 Cryptography -- 3 Related Work -- 4 Frame Selection Approach -- 5 Methodology -- 6 Parameter Metrices -- 7 Results and Discussion -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Data Mining and Analysis of Reddit User Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Research Methodology -- 4 Result and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Future Scope -- References -- Analysis of DNA Sequence Pattern Matching: A Brief Survey -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Sensor-Based Analysis of Gait and Assessment of Impacts of Backpack Load on Walking -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Effect of Backpack on Lower Body -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Measured Gait Variability Across Different Subject Groups Using Froude Analysis -- 3.2 Attribute Selection to Classify Gait -- 3.3 Gender-Based Classification with Respect to Fr Number. -- 3.4 Effect of Backpack Load on Pelvis during Walking to Understand the Gait Pathological Condition -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Wireless Battery Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Methodology -- 4 System Block Diagram -- 4.1 Sensors -- 4.2 Wi-Fi Module -- 5 System Flow Chart -- 5.1 Electric Vehicle Battery Specification -- 6 Result -- 7 Software Preparation -- 7.1 Arduino IDE. , 7.2 AVR Studio.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Matrix Games with Interval Payoffs -- 1.1 Matrix Games with Interval Payoffs -- 1.2 Existing Mathematical Formulation of Matrix Games with Interval Payoffs -- 1.3 Literature Review of Matrix Game with Interval Payoffs -- 1.4 Arithmetic Operations over Intervals -- 1.5 Flaws of the Existing Methods -- 1.6 Invalidity of Existing Mathematical Formulation of Matrix Games with Interval Payoffs -- 1.6.1 Existing Method to Obtain Mathematical Formulation of Matrix Games with Interval Payoffs -- 1.6.2 Mathematically Incorrect Assumptions Considered in the Existing Method -- 1.7 Minimum and Maximum of Intervals -- 1.7.1 Minimum of Intervals -- 1.7.2 Maximum of Intervals -- 1.8 Proposed Gaurika Method -- 1.8.1 Minimum Expected Gain of Player I -- 1.8.2 Maximum Expected Loss of Player II -- 1.9 Numerical Examples -- 1.9.1 Existing Numerical Example Considered by Nayak and Pal -- 1.9.2 Existing Numerical Example Considered by Li et al. -- 1.10 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Matrix Games with Fuzzy Payoffs -- 2.1 Matrix Games with Fuzzy Payoffs -- 2.2 Preliminaries -- 2.2.1 Some Basic Definitions -- 2.2.2 Arithmetic Operations of Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers -- 2.2.3 Comparison of Fuzzy Numbers -- 2.3 Existing Mathematical Formulation of Matrix Games with Fuzzy Payoffs -- 2.4 Literature Review of Matrix Games with Fuzzy Payoffs -- 2.5 Flaws of the Existing Methods -- 2.6 Invalidity of Existing Mathematical Formulation of Matrix Games with Fuzzy Payoffs -- 2.7 Proposed Mehar Method -- 2.7.1 Minimum Expected Gain of Player I -- 2.7.2 Maximum Expected Loss of Player II -- 2.8 Numerical Example -- 2.8.1 Minimum Expected Gain of Player I -- 2.8.2 Maximum Expected Loss of Player II -- 2.9 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Constrained Matrix Games with Fuzzy Payoffs -- 3.1 Constrained Matrix Games with Fuzzy Payoffs. , 3.2 Existing Mathematical Formulation of Constrained Matrix Games with Fuzzy Payoffs -- 3.3 Literature Review of Constrained Matrix Games with Fuzzy Payoffs -- 3.4 Flaws of the Existing Methods -- 3.5 Proposed Vaishnavi Method -- 3.5.1 Minimum Expected Gain of Player I -- 3.5.2 Maximum Expected Loss of Player II -- 3.6 Numerical Examples -- 3.6.1 Existing Numerical Example Considered by Li and Hong -- 3.6.2 Existing Numerical Example Considered by Li and Cheng -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Matrix Games with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoffs -- 4.1 Matrix Games with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoffs -- 4.2 Preliminaries -- 4.2.1 Basic Definitions -- 4.2.2 Arithmetic Operations over Trapezoidal Vague Sets -- 4.3 Existing Mathematical Formulation of Matrix Games with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoffs -- 4.4 Literature Review of Matrix Games with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoffs -- 4.5 Flaws of the Existing Methods -- 4.6 Proposed Ambika Methods -- 4.6.1 Ambika Method-I -- 4.6.2 Ambika Method-II -- 4.6.3 Ambika Method-III -- 4.6.4 Ambika Method-IV -- 4.7 Numerical Examples -- 4.7.1 Existing Numerical Example Considered by Nan et al. -- 4.7.2 Existing Numerical Example Considered by Li et al. -- 4.7.3 Existing Numerical Example Considered by Nan et al. -- 4.7.4 Existing Numerical Example Considered by Nan et al. -- 4.8 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Bimatrix Games with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoffs -- 5.1 The Difference-Index Based Ranking Method -- 5.2 Maximum of Trapezoidal Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers -- 5.3 Flaws in the Existing Mathematical Formulation of Bimatrix Games with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoffs -- 5.3.1 Mathematical Formulation of Bimatrix Games with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoffs -- 5.3.2 Mathematically Incorrect Assumption Considered by Li and Yang -- 5.4 Exact Solution of Bimatrix Games with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoffs. , 5.4.1 Exact Mathematical Formulation of Bimatrix Games with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoffs -- 5.4.2 Proposed Mehar Method -- 5.4.3 Convergence of the Proposed Mehar Method -- 5.5 Numerical Example -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Future Scope -- References.

Note: Front Cover -- CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYAS -- CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYASVULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF BIODIVERSITY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMSEDITED BYAMIT KUMARSCHOOL ... -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the editors -- 1 - An overview of the Himalaya forests and their drivers of change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mountain forests -- 3. Forests of the Himalaya -- 4. Drivers of change of the Himalaya forests -- 5. Discussion and conclusion -- References -- 2 - Assessment and management of small Farmer's climate risks in the hills and plains of Nepal -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Theoretical framework -- 1.2 Profile of study area -- 2. Methods -- 2.1 Data collection -- 2.2 Vulnerability and risk assessment -- 3. Results and discussions -- 3.1 Demographic and socioeconomic profile -- 3.2 Climate hazard and exposure assessment -- 3.3 Sensitivity assessment -- 3.4 Adaptive capacity assessment -- 3.5 Vulnerability and risk assessment -- 3.6 Risk management -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- 3 - Comparing and contrasting characterstics of coping and adpatation response -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1 Conceptual understanding of "coping" and "adaptation." -- 3.1.1 The difference in characteristics of "coping" and "adaptation." -- 3.1.2 Consensus between coping and adaptation is outlined -- 3.1.3 How is there a conflation of response between coping and adaptation? -- 3.2 How does the progression of response frame a link between coping and adaptation? -- 3.2.1 Coping for survival -- 3.2.2 Camouflage adaptation -- 3.2.3 Discrete adaptation -- 3.2.4 Incremental and transformational adaptation -- 3.2.5 An amalgamation of coping and adaptation -- 3.3 How the link between short-term action and long-term response is drawn? -- 3.3.1 Way forward: linking short-term action to long-term response. , 3.3.1.1 Positive outcome -- 3.3.1.2 Negative outcome -- 4. Future directions -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- 4 - Forest transition and ecosystem services in Himalaya -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Forest transition and its relevance for the Himalaya -- 2.1 Ecosystem services under forest transition -- 3. Materials and methods -- 4. Forest transition and ecosystem services transition in the Himalaya -- 4.1 Forest transition in the Himalaya -- 4.2 Ecosystem services transition in the Himalaya -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- 5 - Viable land use options to achieve multiple ecosystem services in the Eastern Himalayas of India -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 2.1 Study area and land uses -- 2.2 Soil sampling and analysis -- 2.3 Data analysis -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- 6 - Species and crown density-specific variability in biomass carbon across Sindh forest landscape in the Western H ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 2.1 Study area -- 2.2 Methodology -- 3. Results -- 3.1 Forest biomass and carbon -- 3.2 Average biomass carbon and tree density ranges under different forest density classes -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1 Forest biomass and carbon stocks -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 7 - Climate-resilient pathways and nature-based solutions to reduce vulnerabilities to climate change in the Indian ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contributions to resilience pathways through responses to climate change -- 2.1 Climate change mitigation -- 2.2 Climate change adaptation -- 3. Nature-based solutions for disaster risk reduction -- 4. Nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation -- 4.1 Ecosystem-based adaptation -- 4.2 Ecosystem-based mitigation -- 5. Conclusion -- References. , 8 - REDD+ and its implementation in the Himalayan region: policy issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Development of REDD+, up to Paris Agreement (PA) and beyond -- 2.1 India's contribution in making REDD as REDD+ -- 2.2 REDD+ in Articles 5 and 6.2 of Paris Agreement (PA)-requirements for results-based payments (RBPs), elements of "authorizat ... -- 2.3 Journey of Article 6 rulebook up to glasgow -- 2.4 Glasgow Climate Pact, rulebook on Art 6.2 ITMOs, authorization, adjustment (2/CMA.3) -- 3. Issues with REDD+ -- 3.1 UNFCCC REDD+ and VM projects -- 3.2 Jurisdictional or subnational approach of REDD+projects -- 4. Future of VM in REDD+ -- 5. Implementation of REDD+ in India -- 5.1 Exclusion of tree cover in FRL -- 5.2 National forest reference level of India -- 6. Option for the Himalayan States to implement REDD+ -- 7. Potential for contribution by Himalayan States -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- 9 - Land degradation evaluation based on SDG indicators in the eastern Himalayan region: A case study from Nagaland ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study site -- 3. Materials and methods -- 3.1 Data source and tools -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1 Change in land cover indicator -- 3.2.2 Land productivity indicator -- 3.2.3 Change in soil organic carbon indicator -- 3.2.4 Land degradation neutrality status -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1 Land cover change in the state -- 4.2 Land productivity changes in the state -- 4.3 SOC change in the state -- 4.4 Land degradation status of Nagaland -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 10 - Leveraging on technology-driven information systems for conservation through informed decisions in the Hindu K ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Role of information systems -- 3. Ecological niche studies -- 3.1 Advancement in modeling algorithms -- 3.2 Advancement in data collection -- 4. Monitoring and information dissemination platforms. , 4.1 Geospatial analysis using google earth engine -- 4.2 Basic of google earth engine application development -- 5. Bioinformatics approaches -- 5.1 Identification of genes conferring disease resistance -- 5.2 Conservation strategy in the genomic era -- 5.3 Association mapping and adaptation -- 6. Opportunities for research and improvements -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- 11 - Ecosystem services of the Indian Himalayan Region in a changing environment: an overview -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Present and future impacts of climate change on ecosystem services -- 2.1 Impacts on temperature regulation -- 2.2 Impacts on biodiversity services -- 2.3 Impacts on watershed services -- 2.4 Impacts on cultural services -- 3. How the valuation of ecosystem services be helpful for IHR conservation? -- 4. Policies promoting and sustaining ecosystem services in IHR -- 4.1 Policies instruments of the forest, wildlife, and environment sectors for ecosystem services management in IHR -- 4.2 Environmental performance index -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 - Changing climatic scenarios: impacts, vulnerabilities, and perception with special reference to the Indian Him ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study area -- 3. Impacts of climate change on biodiversity -- 4. Impact of climate change on glaciers/water bodies -- 5. Impact of climate change on agriculture -- 6. Impact of climate change on livelihood -- 7. Vulnerabilities and adaptations to climate change -- 8. Local perception to changing climatic scenarios -- 9. Conclusion and recommendations -- References -- Further reading -- 13 - Carbon stock inventory and biomass production in different land use systems of Northwestern Himalaya -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biomass and carbon pools -- 3. Agroforestry systems -- 4. Forest ecosystem -- 5. Variation in land use systems -- 6. Future prospects. , 7. Conclusion -- References -- 14 - Vulnerability assessment of forest ecosystems: Climate change perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Defining vulnerability, resilience, and other linked terminology with reference to climate change -- 2.1 Types of vulnerability -- 2.2 Expressing vulnerability -- 2.3 Resilience of forest ecosystems -- 3. Vulnerability assessment linked to climate change -- 3.1 Conceptual frameworks adopted for the climate change vulnerability assessment -- 3.1.1 Double structure of vulnerability -- 3.1.2 Risk hazard and pressure and release model -- 3.1.3 Turner's framework: coupled social and ecological systems -- 3.1.4 IPCC guidelines of vulnerability -- 3.1.5 Yokohama strategy -- 3.1.6 Hyogo framework -- 3.1.7 Sendai framework -- 4. Various methodologies adopted for assessing climate change vulnerability -- 4.1 The top-down or quantitative approach -- 4.2 Qualitative bottom-up local-scenario approach -- 4.3 Resilience-driven approach -- 5. Methodological advancements in assessing climate change vulnerability -- 6. Way forward -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 15 - Synthesis and conclusions -- 1. Summary and synthesis -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 20 -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- WO3-TiO2 Nanocomposite and its Applications: A Review -- Nanocomposites in Controlled & -- Targeted Drug Delivery Systems -- Nanocomposites of Chalcogenide and their Applications -- Nanocomposites: Recent Trends and Engineering Applications -- Role of Nanocomposites in Agriculture -- Nanocomposite for Solar Energy Application -- Fabrication of Gelatin-Zr (IV) Phosphate and Alginate-Zr (IV) Phosphate Nanocomposite Based Ion Selective Membrane Electrode -- Development and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Conducting Polymeric Zirconium Based Advanced Nanocomposite Ion-Exchangers for Environmental Remediation -- Magnetic Nano-Сomposites and their Industrial Applications -- Keyword Index -- Author Index.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 A Brief Literature Review -- 1.2 Outline of the Book -- References -- 2 A Brief Introduction to Fuzzy Sets -- 2.1 Basic Definitions and Properties of Fuzzy Sets -- 2.2 Basic Set-Theoretic Operations on Fuzzy Sets -- 2.3 Fuzzy Relations -- 2.4 Fuzzy Numbers and Fuzzy Arithmetic -- 2.5 Fuzzy Events and Their Probabilities -- 2.6 Defuzzification of Fuzzy Sets -- References -- 3 A Brief Introduction to Fuzzy Optimization and Fuzzy Mathematical Programming -- 3.1 Introductory Remarks -- 3.2 Main Approaches to Fuzzy Optimization -- 3.3 Bellman and Zadeh's General Approach to Decision Making Under Fuzziness -- 3.4 Using the α-cuts of the Fuzzy Feasible Set -- 3.5 Fuzzy Mathematical Programming -- 3.6 Fuzzy Linear Programming -- 3.7 Fuzzy Linear Programming with Fuzzy Constraints -- 3.8 Fuzzy Coefficients in the Objective Function -- 3.9 Fuzzy Coefficients in the Technological Matrix -- References -- 4 New Methods for Solving Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problems with Trapezoidal Fuzzy Parameters -- 4.1 Preliminaries -- 4.1.1 Basic Definitions Related to Fuzzy Numbers -- 4.1.2 Arithmetic Operations on the Trapezoid Fuzzy Numbers -- 4.2 A Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation of the Balanced Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problem -- 4.3 Existing Methods for Finding a Fuzzy Optimal Solution of the Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problem -- 4.4 Liu and Kao's Method -- 4.4.1 Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problems with the Inequality Constraints -- 4.4.2 Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problems with Equality Constraints -- 4.5 A Critical Analysis of the Existing Methods -- 4.6 On Some New Methods for Solving the Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problem -- 4.6.1 A New Method Based on a Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation -- 4.6.2 Method Based on the Tabular Representation -- 4.6.3 Advantages of the Proposed Methods over the Existing Methods. , 4.7 An Illustrative Example -- 4.7.1 Fuzzy Optimal Solution Using the Method Based on Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation -- 4.7.2 Fuzzy Optimal Solution Using the Method Based on Tabular Representation -- 4.7.3 Interpretation of Results -- 4.8 Case Study -- 4.8.1 Description of the Problem -- 4.8.2 Results Obtained -- 4.8.3 Interpretation of Results -- 4.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 New Methods for Solving the Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problems with the LR Flat Fuzzy Numbers -- 5.1 Preliminaries -- 5.2 Basic Definitions -- 5.3 Arithmetic Operations on the LR Flat Fuzzy Numbers -- 5.4 Solution of the Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problems with Parameters Represented by the LR Fuzzy Numbers or LR Flat Fuzzy Numbers -- 5.5 New Methods -- 5.5.1 Method Based on Fuzzy Linear Programming -- 5.5.2 Method Based on the Tabular Representation -- 5.5.3 Main Advantages of the Proposed Methods -- 5.6 Illustrative Example -- 5.6.1 Determination of the Fuzzy Optimal Solution Using the Method Based on the Fuzzy Linear Programming -- 5.6.2 Determination of the Fuzzy Optimal Solution Using the Method Based on the Tabular Representation -- 5.6.3 Interpretation of Results -- 5.7 A Comparative Study -- 5.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6 New Improved Methods for Solving the Fully Fuzzy Transshipment Problems with Parameters Given as the LR Flat Fuzzy Numbers -- 6.1 Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation of the Balanced Fully Fuzzy Transshipment Problems -- 6.2 Outline of the Ghatee and Hashemi Method -- 6.3 On Some Limitations of the Existing Methods -- 6.4 New Methods -- 6.4.1 New Method Based on the Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation -- 6.4.2 New Method Based on the Tabular Representation -- 6.4.3 Advantages of the New Methods -- 6.5 Illustrative Example. , 6.5.1 Determination of the Optimal Solution Using the Method Based on the Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation -- 6.5.2 Determination of the Optimal Solution Using the Method Based on the Tabular Representation -- 6.5.3 Interpretation of Results -- 6.6 A Comparative Study -- 6.7 A Case Study -- 6.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 7 New Methods for Solving Fully Fuzzy Solid Transportation Problems with LR Fuzzy Parameters -- 7.1 Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation of the Balanced Fully Fuzzy Solid Transportation Problems -- 7.2 Liu and Kao's Method -- 7.3 Some Shortcomings of Liu and Kao's Method -- 7.4 Limitations of the Methods Proposed in the Previous Chapters -- 7.5 New Methods -- 7.5.1 New Method Based on the Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation -- 7.5.2 New Method Based on the Tabular Representation -- 7.5.3 Advantages of the New Methods -- 7.6 Illustrative Example -- 7.6.1 Determination of the Fuzzy Optimal Solution Using the New Method Based on the Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation -- 7.6.2 Determination of the Fuzzy Optimal Solution Using the New Method Based on the Tabular Representation -- 7.6.3 Interpretation of Results -- 7.7 A Comparative Study -- 7.8 A Case Study -- 7.8.1 Problem Description -- 7.8.2 Results -- 7.8.3 Interpretation of Results -- 7.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 8 New Methods for Solving Fully Fuzzy Solid Transshipment Problems with LR Flat Fuzzy Numbers -- 8.1 New Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation of the Balanced Fully Fuzzy Solid Transshipment Problem -- 8.2 Limitations of the Existing Method and Methods Proposed in Previous Chapters -- 8.3 New Methods -- 8.3.1 New Method Based on the Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation -- 8.3.2 New Method Based on the Tabular Representation -- 8.3.3 Advantages of the New Methods -- 8.4 Illustrative Example. , 8.4.1 Determination of the Fuzzy Optimal Solution of the Fully Fuzzy Solid Transshipment Problem Using the Method Based on the Fuzzy Linear Programming Formulation -- 8.4.2 Determination of the Fuzzy Optimal Solution of the Fully Fuzzy Solid Transshipment Problem Using the Method Based on the Tabular Representation -- 8.4.3 Interpretation of Results -- 8.5 A Comparison of Results Obtained -- 8.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 9 Conclusions and Future Research Directions -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Intrusion Detection System Using Soft Computing Techniques: A Review -- Abstract -- 1 1 Introduction -- 2 2 Soft Computing -- 3 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Sources and Search Methods -- 3.2 Scope -- 3.3 Framework -- 4 4 The Target Subject Processes -- 4.1 Software Tools -- 4.2 Approach Contribution -- 4.3 Training and Testing Dataset -- 4.4 Applied Algorithm -- 5 5 Analysis -- 6 6 Discussion -- 7 7 Conclusion -- References -- Machine Learning Based Outlook for the Analysis of SNP-SNP Interaction for Biomedical Big Data -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Role of SNPs in Biomedical and Healthcare -- 3 SNP-SNP Analysis Methods and Models -- 3.1 Logistic Regression Methods -- 3.2 Combinatorial Methods -- 3.3 Support Vector Machines -- 3.4 Bayesian Networks -- 4 Software Tools/Databases for SNP-SNP Interaction Analysis -- 5 Research Challenges Ahead -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- A Compendium on Network and Host Based Intrusion Detection Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Big Data Analytics -- 3 Neural Networks -- 4 Deep Learning -- 5 Neural Networks and Deep Learning Techniques for Network Based IDS (NIDS) -- 6 Neural Networks and Deep Learning Techniques for Host Based IDS (HIDS) -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Performance Evaluation of Stochastic Gammatone Filters -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stochastic Gammatone Filters -- 3 Gain Balancing Techniques -- 4 Dynamic Scaling Techniques -- 5 Experimental Results and Conclusion -- References -- Optimization of Multi-way Join Cost Using System R* and SharesSkew -- Abstract -- 1 1 Introduction -- 2 2 Related Work -- 3 3 System R* Optimization -- 3.1 Description of R* Algorithm -- 3.2 Evaluation of Cost Function -- 3.3 Applying R* Algorithm on an Example -- 4 4 SharesSkew Algorithm Using MapReduce -- 4.1 Attribute Dominance -- 4.2 Relation Partition -- 4.3 Description of SharesSkew. , 4.4 Evaluation of Cost Function for Residual Joins -- 4.5 SharesSkew on Banking System -- 5 5 Conclusions -- References -- Study of K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Identification of Dengue Fever Hotspots -- Abstract -- 1 1 Introduction -- 2 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Why K-Means Algorithm -- 2.2 Distance Metrics -- 3 3 Data Collection -- 4 4 Proposed Methodology -- 4.1 Determining Optimal Clusters -- 5 5 Results -- 6 6 Results -- References -- WhatsApp: A Business Tool in Unorganized Retail with Reference to TAM -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Literature -- 3 Social Media and Retailing in India -- 4 Research Background -- 5 Reason for Selecting TAM -- 6 WhatsApp: A Tool for Business -- 7 Research Methodology -- 8 Data Collection and Measurement -- 9 Results and Discussion -- 9.1 Reliability and Validity Assessment -- 9.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) -- 9.3 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- A Framework for the RNA-Seq Based Classification and Prediction of Disease -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Literature -- 3 The Proposed Framework -- 3.1 Quality Control -- 3.2 Read Mapping -- 3.3 Read Count -- 3.4 Differentially Expressed Genes (Features) Identification -- 3.5 Select an Appropriate Classifier -- 4 List of Available Software Tools to Implement the Framework -- 5 Discussion, Conclusion and Future Work Direction -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Bio-Inspired AI Optimization Techniques to Evaluate Data Rate and Minimize Interference in Cognitive Cellular Network -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 3 AI Optimization Algorithms for Channel Allocation in CCN -- 3.1 BCO Algorithm -- 3.2 TLBO Algorithm -- 4 Simulated Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Reduction of PAPR in OFDM Signals Using Grey Wolf Optimization Combined with SLM -- Abstract. , 1 1 Introduction -- 2 2 Related Work -- 3 3 PAPR and Selective Mapping(SLM) -- 3.1 PAPR -- 3.2 Selective Mapping Technique -- 4 4 Grey Wolf Based SLM -- 5 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 6 Conclusion -- References -- Idiom Recommendation Using POS Tagging and Sentence Parsing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 2.1 Linguistic Recommendation -- 2.2 Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagger -- 2.3 Parse Trees -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Segmentation -- 3.2 Analysis -- 3.3 Extraction -- 3.4 Transformation -- 4 Experimental Setup -- 4.1 Dataset -- 4.2 Evaluation Metric -- 5 Results -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Indian and European Script Identification: A Review -- Abstract -- 1 1 Introduction -- 2 2 Different Methods of Script Identification -- 2.1 Different Methods for Printed Documents -- 2.2 Different Methods for Handwritten Documents -- 3 3 Tables -- 4 4 Conclusion -- References -- Analysis of Iris Identification System by Using Hybrid Based PSO Classifier -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Iris Recognition System -- 4 Hybrid Based PSO Classifier -- 5 Training Module -- 5.1 Testing Module -- 6 Result Analysis -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- A Review on Handwritten Indian Script Identification -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Existing Research Methodologies for Script Identification -- 3 Comparative Analysis of Script Identification Methodology -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Intelligent Medicine Box for Medication Management Using Internet-of Things -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Existing System -- 1.2 proposed System -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- A Novel Approach of Object Oriented Image Steganography Using LSB -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 LSB Steganography -- 1.2 ROI (Region of Interest) Selection -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Proposed Methodology. , 4 Performance Parameters -- 4.1 Peak Signal to Noise Ratio -- 4.2 Hiding Capacity -- 5 Experimental Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Power-Cognizant Proactive Routing Protocol for Amending Energy in Ad-hoc Networks -- Abstract -- 1 1 Introduction -- 2 2 Related Work -- 3 3 Power-Cognizant Proactive Routing Protocol -- 4 4 Simulation Results and Analysis -- 5 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Dimensional Insight to Innovations in Security Aspects of Cloud Computing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation for Cloud Computing -- 1.2 Cloud Computing Internals -- 1.3 How Secure Is Cloud? -- 1.3.1 Security Blind Spots -- 1.3.2 Perfect Versus Imperfect Arguments -- 1.4 Security Standards -- 1.5 Cloud Infrastructure -- 1.6 Security Obstacles in Cloud Computing -- 1.6.1 Data Confidentiality -- 1.6.2 Data Integrity -- 1.6.3 Data Location -- 1.6.4 Data Loss -- 2 Techniques in Cloud Security-A Review -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Classification and Validation of MRI Brain Tumor Using Optimised Machine Learning Approach -- Abstract -- 1 1 Introduction -- 2 2 Literature Survey -- 2.1 Segmentation -- 2.2 Feature Extraction and Classification -- 2.3 Gaps in Literature Survey -- 3 3 Flow of Proposed Methodology -- 3.1 Classification -- 3.1.1 Support Vector Machine Classifier -- 3.1.2 K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) -- 3.1.3 MSVM (Multi-class Support Vector Machine) -- 4 4 Performance Analysis and Discussion -- 4.1 A Radial Basis Function (RBF) -- 4.2 Linear Accuracy -- 4.3 Validation Result -- 4.3.1 Confusion Matrix -- 4.3.2 ROC -- 5 5 Conclusion -- References -- Automatic Classification of Parkinson's Disease Based on Severity Estimation -- Abstract -- 1 1 Introduction -- 2 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Dataset Description -- 2.2 Data Processing -- 3 3 Feature Extraction -- 3.1 Autocorrelation Based Features -- 3.2 Data-Driven Features. , 3.3 Interdependence Between the Time Series -- 4 4 Feature Selection and Severity Estimation -- 4.1 Kendall's Rank-Correlation Coefficient -- 4.2 Model -- 5 5 Results -- 6 6 Discussion -- 7 7 Conclusion -- References -- Grocery Product Classification and Recommendation System Based on Machine Learning and Customer Profile Identity -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 2.1 Classification of Reviews Based on Sentiment Analysis -- 2.2 Numerical Analysis Based Recommendations -- 3 Proposed Grocery Store Recommendations -- 3.1 Web Crawler Method -- 3.2 Data Preprocessing -- 3.3 Tokenization -- 3.4 Frequency Computation -- 3.5 Similar Words and Category Wise Frequency Across Reviews -- 3.6 Product Based Frequency Matrix -- 3.7 Review and Attribute-Based Sentiments -- 3.8 Product and Attribute Based Sentiments -- 3.9 Product Classification -- 3.10 Nutrition Questioner and Customer Classification -- 3.11 Recommendation Engine -- 4 Application Screenshots and Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Enhancing Embedding Capacity of JPEG Images in Smartphones by Selection of Suitable Cover Image -- Abstract -- 1 1 Introduction -- 2 2 Background Study -- 2.1 Compression Algorithms -- 2.2 Selection of Cover Image -- 3 3 Proposed Algorithm -- 4 4 Experiment and Result -- 5 5 Conclusion -- References -- Image Compression Using Convolutional Autoencoder -- Abstract -- 1 1 Introduction -- 2 2 Proposed Methodology -- 2.1 Fetching Dataset -- 2.2 Appling the Convolutional Filters -- 2.3 Encoding and Decoding the Image -- 2.4 Compressing the Image -- 2.5 Synthesizing and Reconstruction of Image -- 2.6 Optimizing the Loss and Noise in the Reconstructed Image -- 3 3 Experimental Analysis -- 4 4 Conclusion -- References -- IoT Based Reconnaissance Framework for Utilizing Different Thresholding Algorithms for Detecting Motion by Using Raspberry Pi -- Abstract. , 1 Introduction.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Artificial Neural Network and Partial Pattern Recognition to Detect Malware -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Signature-Based Malware Detection -- 2.2 Behavior-Based Malware Detection -- 2.3 Heuristic-Based Malware Detection -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Opcode Extraction -- 3.2 Feature Selection -- 3.3 Constructing Feature Vector -- 3.4 Feature Classifier -- 3.5 Training the Model -- 3.6 Testing -- 4 Dataset Used -- 5 Results -- References -- Epidemiology and Forecasting of Cholera Incidence in North India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Data Collection -- 2.2 Application of Software Used for Data Analysis -- 2.3 Methods -- 3 Epidemiological Features -- 3.1 Agent -- 3.2 Mode of Transmission (Vibrio) -- 3.3 Environmental Factors -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Novel Approach for Improving Routing Efficiency and Minimizing Propagation Mean Delay for DADCQ Protocol in VANET -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Literature Review -- 2 Application Distance Method for 1D and 2D Networks -- 2.1 Analysis of Spatial Distribution in VANET -- 2.2 Adaption of Node Distribution Pattern for 1D and 2D Uniform Distributions -- 3 Reduction of Fading and It's Analysis in the Network -- 4 Design of Quadrant-Based Threshold -- 5 Analysis of Routing Efficiency and It's Improvement for DADCQ Protocol in VANET -- 6 Analysis and Minimizing Mean Delay for DADCQ Under Eavesdropping and DDoS Attacks -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Human Computer Interaction as a Mode of Improvement in Human Lifestyle -- References -- New Fast and Efficient Techniques for Image Denoising Using VQ, PCA, SVD, Soft Thresholding and Wiener Filter -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Techniques -- 2.1 Vector Quantization -- 2.2 PCA -- 2.3 PCA for Denoising -- 2.4 SVD -- 2.5 Soft Thresholding [15, 16] -- 2.6 Wiener Filter [17]. , 3 Results and Analysis -- 4 Complexity Analysis of Proposed LBGPCASTW and LBGSVDSTW with LPGPCA -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Elicitation and Analysis of Security Requirements and Patterns for IoT Based Health Monitor -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Design and Functioning of Health Monitor Using IOT -- 4 Security Requirements Elicitation -- 5 Identification of Security Requirement Patterns for Security in Requirements Phase -- 6 Security Requirements Patterns Analysis and Its Impact on Security Objectives of IoT Health Monitor -- 7 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Classification of Remote Sensing Images Based on K-Means Clustering and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Classification Methods -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Internet of Things and Its Applications: An Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Elements of IoT -- 4 Framework-Architecture -- 5 Analysis, Monitoring, and Reporting -- 6 Case Studies-Applications -- 7 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- Smart KYC Using Blockchain and IPFS -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 IPFS -- 1.2 DLT -- 2 Present Versus Proposed System -- 3 Proposed Architecture -- 3.1 Document Submission -- 3.2 Notary Verification -- 3.3 Third Party Verification -- 4 Benefits of the System -- 5 Future Aspects -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Lexical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling for Analysing Depression Detection of Social Media Reviews -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Study -- 3 Our Proposed Model -- 4 Result Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Future Enhancement -- References -- Application of Neural Networks and Lifting Wavelet Transform for Long Term Solar Radiation Power Prediction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Basics -- 2.1 Recurrent Neural Networks -- 2.2 Wavelet Transforms. , 2.3 Construction of Second Generation Wavelets (Lifting Scheme) [7] -- 2.4 Multi-resolution Analysis (MRA) [18] -- 3 Construction of Lifting Wavelet Transform -- 4 Experiment -- 4.1 Solar Radiation Prediction with Neural Networks -- 4.2 Modeling of NARX Neural Network -- 4.3 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Modeling Sustainable Mobility Using Fuzzy Logic: An Application to Selected Indian States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Development of Sustainable Mobility Indicators -- 2.2 Normalization, Weighting and Mathematical Integration -- 2.3 Integrating the Sub-indices with Fuzzy Logic -- 3 Study Areas and Data Collection -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Shravya-A Framework for Enunciation of Sanskrit Shlokas and Phrases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 2.1 Sandhi Vicched -- 2.2 Enunciation-Shloka Generation -- 3 Shravya -- 3.1 Sandhi Vicched Module -- 3.2 Shloka Audio Generation -- 3.3 Training -- 3.4 Esting -- 4 Conclusion -- 5 Future Scope -- References -- Energy-Efficiency in WSN Based on SCMC Protocol -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Work -- 3.1 Proposed System Architecture -- 3.2 Proposed Design Goal -- 3.3 Dynamic Cluster Formation -- 4 Experimental Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Extending Bidirectional Language Model for Enhancing the Performance of Sentiment Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Work -- 3.1 Word Embedding Using Bidirectional Language Model -- 3.2 Sentiment Analysis Approach -- 4 Result Analysis -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Energy-Efficiency Driven Strategy for Resource Aggregation Based on Future Resource-Usage Inference in a Cloud Computing Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Problem Formulation -- 4 Proposed Model -- 5 Implementation Details -- 6 Evaluation with Assessment. , 6.1 Simulation Details -- 6.2 Result Analysis -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- A Comparison of Deep Learning Algorithms for Plant Disease Classification -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Survey -- 2.1 Dataset -- 3 Model Architecture -- 3.1 LeNet -- 3.2 AlexNet -- 3.3 Inception V3 -- 4 Experiments and Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Active Learning Using Margin Sampling Strategy for Entity Recognition -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Corpus Details -- 4 Feature Extraction and Classifier Used -- 5 Active Learning Algorithm Steps -- 6 Result and Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Design of QoS and Energy Efficient VM Consolidation Framework for Cloud Data Centers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 CloudSim VM Consolidation -- 4 Proposed VM Consolidation System -- 4.1 Novel Load Detection Algorithm -- 4.2 VM Selection Algorithm -- 4.3 PSO Based VM Placement -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Cyberbullying Detection on Multiple SMPs Using Modular Neural Network -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Model -- 3.1 Dataset Preprocessing -- 3.2 Architecture -- 4 Experiments and Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Lightweight Two-factor Authentication Protocol and Session Key Generation Scheme for WSN in IoT Deployment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Revisiting Amin and Biswas's Algorithm -- 4 Proposed Protocol -- 4.1 System Setup and Initialization Phase -- 4.2 User Registration Phase -- 4.3 Login Phase -- 4.4 Authentication and Session Key Generation Phase -- 5 Analysis of the Proposed Protocol -- 5.1 Prevents All Session Hi-Jacking Due to Sensor Capture Attack -- 5.2 Preventing Gateway Impersonation Attack [23, 27] -- 5.3 Avoiding Sensor Node Impersonation Attack [27] -- 6 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References. , An Empirical Evaluation of Correlation Based Feature Selection for Tweet Sentiment Classification -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Evaluation Methods and Model -- 2.1 Dataset -- 2.2 Data Preprocessing -- 2.3 Feature Selection Methods -- 2.4 Sentiment Classification -- 3 Experimental Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Automatic Traffic Sign Detection and Classification of Indian Traffic Signage's Based on Multi-feature Fusion -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Preprocessing and Segmentation -- 3.2 Feature Extraction Methods -- 3.3 Feature Fusion -- 3.4 Classification -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Extended Local Ternary Pattern for Face Anti-spoofing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Method -- 3.1 Spoofing Detection Using ELTP -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Enhancing Data Security in Cloud Computing Using Threshold Cryptography Technique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Statement -- 3 Literature Survey -- 3.1 Existing Systems -- 3.2 Proposed System -- 4 Objectives -- 5 Methodology and Assumptions -- 6 Implementation -- 7 Security and Performance Analysis -- 7.1 Data Confidentiality -- 7.2 Entity Authentication -- 7.3 Data Integrity -- 7.4 Data Access Control -- 7.5 Performance Analysis -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Multi-resolution Hierarchical Clustering by Vector Quantization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principles and Methodology -- 2.1 The Proposed Clustering Algorithm for Vector Quantization -- 2.2 Complexity Analysis -- 3 Multi-resolution Clustering -- 4 Experiment and Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Certificate Verification System Using Blockchain -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Blockchain -- 1.2 Ethereum -- 1.3 Smart Contract -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Proposed System -- 3.1 Process -- 4 Conclusion -- References. , IoT Based Automatic Plant Watering System Through Soil Moisture Sensing-A Technique to Support Farmers' Cultivation in Rural India.