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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nickel-Based Germanosilicide of Heavily-Doped SiGe Films for Low Resistance and High-Temperature Stability (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 124-126 (June 2007), p. 279-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied thermo-electrical properties for Ni-based germanosilicide to understandthe influence of temperature on the evolution of sheet resistance and micro-structures of contacts onheavily-doped SiGe grown by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition. After the deposition of Ni,Ni/Ti, Ni/Pt films on Si0.83Ge0.17 epi layer and subsequently annealing for silicide reaction, weanalyzed sheet resistance, surface roughness and reaction interfaces using four point probe method,scanning probe micrograph and transmission electron microscope. Bi-layer metal structures of Ni/Tiand Ni/Pt were investigated to study feasible use for suppressing inappropriate reaction at interface. Itis found that bi-layer structure with thin Pt interlayer presented promising properties forgermanosilicide of n+-Si0.83Ge0.17 with low sheet resistance, smooth surface morphology and hightemperature stability up to 800 oC
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/23/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.124-126.279.pdf
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of secondary particle formation in seeded emulsion polymerization: The effect of surface charge density (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 7 (1998), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1344
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Mathematical modeling and simulation were carried out to investigate the effects of the surface charge density of seed particles on secondary particle formation and the rate of polymerization in the early stage of emulsifier-free seeded emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Limited coagulation theory was applied to simulate new particle nucleation. The main factor influencing the capture rate of oligomeric radicals in a growing seed particle was assumed to be the electrostatic repulsion of seed particles. DLVO (Deryagiun-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory was also introduced to estimate the electrical repulsion between seed particles and oligomeric radicals in the aqueous phase. In the case of highly charged seed particles, the adsorption rate of oligomeric radicals in the aqueous phase showed a strong effect on the polymerization rate. The low adsorption of oligomeric radicals results in a low value of the average number of radicals per particle. The surface charge density of seed particles was found to play an important role in limiting the polymerization rate at the beginning of the reaction and even in affecting the formation of secondary particles.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 3
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    (Table 2) Branched GDGT concentrations and proxy values for Svalbard soils, coals seam, beach sand, and freshly weathered rock (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: AWIPEV; AWIPEV_based; Branched and isoprenoid tetraether index; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ia; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ib; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ic; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIc; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIb; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIc; Cyclization ratio of branched tetraethers; DEPTH, soil; Event label; Lilliehookbreen-1; Methylation index of branched tetraethers; Mitra-Peninsula-1; Mitra-Peninsula-2; Mitra-Peninsula-3; Mitra-Peninsula-4; Mitra-Peninsula-5; Mitra-Peninsula-6; MULT; Multiple investigations; NIOZ_UU; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University; Ny-Alesund-1; Ny-Alesund-2; Spitsbergen; Temperature, annual mean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 110 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    (Table 1) Description and general properties of Svalbard soils, coal seam, beach sand, and freshly weathered rock (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: AWIPEV; AWIPEV_based; Carbon, organic, total; DEPTH, soil; Event label; Latitude of event; Lilliehookbreen-1; Lilliehookbreen-2; Lithology/composition/facies; Longitude of event; Mitra-Peninsula-1; Mitra-Peninsula-2; Mitra-Peninsula-3; Mitra-Peninsula-4; Mitra-Peninsula-5; Mitra-Peninsula-6; MULT; Multiple investigations; NIOZ_UU; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University; Ny-Alesund-1; Ny-Alesund-2; Ny-Alesund-3; Ny-Alesund-4; pH; Spitsbergen
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 35 data points
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  • 5
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    Sea surface temperature reconstruction from sediment core MD01-2443 using alkenones (2010)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Keywords: AGE; CALYPSO; Calypso Corer; GEOSCIENCES, MARMARCORE; Marion Dufresne (1995); MD01-2443; MD123; Sea surface temperature; SST calculated from alkenones
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 58 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    (Table 1) Environmental and bulk geochmical data of soils, river SPM, and marine surface sediments (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-14
    Keywords: Ain_AW1; Ain, France, Europe; Carbon, organic, total; Date/Time of event; Delta du Rhone; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DEPTH, soil; DEPTH, water; Doubs_DW1; Doubs, France, Europe; Durance_Du2; Durance, France, Europe; Elevation of event; Event label; Isere_IW1; Isere, France, Europe; Latitude of event; Location of event; Longitude of event; Lower Rhone, France, Europe; MUC; MultiCorer; NIOZ_UU; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University; pH; Precipitation, annual mean; Rhone_delta_A; Rhone_delta_AK45; Rhone_delta_B; Rhone_delta_C; Rhone_delta_D; Rhone_delta_K; Rhone_delta_L; Rhone_delta_N; Rhone_RW1; Rhone_RW10; Rhone_RW11; Rhone_RW12; Rhone_RW13; Rhone_RW2; Rhone_RW3; Rhone_RW4; Rhone_RW5; Rhone_RW6; Rhone_RW7; Rhone_RW8; Rhone_RW9; RhoS-1; RhoS-10; RhoS-11; RhoS-12; RhoS-13; RhoS-14; RhoS-15-1; RhoS-15-2; RhoS-16; RhoS-17; RhoS-18; RhoS-2; RhoS-20; RhoS-21; RhoS-22-1; RhoS-22-2; RhoS-23; RhoS-24; RhoS-25; RhoS-26; RhoS-27; RhoS-28; RhoS-29-2; RhoS-3; RhoS-30; RhoS-31; RhoS-32; RhoS-33; RhoS-34; RhoS-35; RhoS-36; RhoS-37; RhoS-38; RhoS-39-1; RhoS-4; RhoS-40; RhoS-41; RhoS-42; RhoS-44; RhoS-45; RhoS-46; RhoS-47; RhoS-48; RhoS-49; RhoS-5; RhoS-50; RhoS-6; RhoS-7; RhoS-8; RhoS-9; RHS12-10; RHS12-11; RHS12-12; RHS12-13; RHS12-14; RHS12-15; RHS12-16; RHS12-17; RHS12-18; RHS12-19; RHS12-2; RHS12-20; RHS12-21; RHS12-23-b; RHS12-3; RHS12-5; RHS12-6; RHS12-7; RHS12-8; RHS12-9; Saone_SW1; Saone_SW2; Saone_SW3; Saone_SW4; Saone, France, Europe; SOIL; Soil profile; Suspended particulate matter; Temperature, air, annual mean; Upper Rhone, France, Europe; Upper Rhone, Switzerland, Europe; Water sample; WS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 372 data points
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  • 7
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    Fractional abundance and indices for brGDGTs and crenarchaeol in dust samples, surface water samples and surface sediment samples
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Weijers, Johan W H; Schefuß, Enno; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S; Schouten, Stefan (2014): Constraints on the sources of branched tetraether membrane lipids in distal marine sediments. Organic Geochemistry, 72, 14-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.04.011
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are membrane lipids produced by soil bacteria and occur in near coastal marine sediments as a result of soil organic matter input. Their abundance relative to marine-derived crenarchaeol, quantified in the BIT index, generally decreases offshore. However, in distal marine sediments, low relative amounts of brGDGTs can often still be observed. Sedimentary in situ production as well as dust input have been suggested as potential, though as yet not well constrained, sources. In this study brGDGT distributions in dust were examined and compared with those in distal marine sediments. Dust was sampled along the equatorial West African coast and brGDGTs were detected in most of the samples, albeit in low abundance. Their degree of methylation and cyclisation, expressed in the MBT' (methylation index of branched tetraethers) and DC (degree of cyclisation) indices, respectively, were comparable with those for African soils, their presumed source. Comparison of DC index values for brGDGTS in global soils, Congo deep-sea river fan sediments and dust with those of distal marine sediments clearly showed, however, that distal marine sediments had significantly higher values. This distinctive distribution is suggestive of sedimentary in situ production as a source of brGDGTs in marine sediments, rather than dust input. The presence of in situ produced brGDGTs in marine sediments means that caution should be exercised when applying the MBT'-CBT palaeothermometer to sediments with low BIT index values, i.e. 〈 0.1, based on our dataset.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Branched tetraether lipids from the Tagus River basin to the coastal ocean of the Portuguese margin
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Zell, Claudia; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Balsinha, M; Dorhout, Denise J C; Fernandes, C; Baas, Marianne; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S (2014): Transport of branched tetraether lipids from the Tagus River basin to the coastal ocean of the Portuguese margin: consequences for the interpretation of the MBT'/CBT paleothermometer. Biogeosciences, 11(19), 5637-5655, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5637-2014
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), which are thought to be transported from soil to marine sediment by rivers, have been used to reconstruct the mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and soil pH of the drainage basin using the methylation index of branched tetraethers (MBT, recently refined as MBT') and cyclization index of branched tetraethers (CBT) from coastal marine sediment records. In this study we are tracing the brGDGTs from source to sink in the Tagus River basin, the longest river system on the Iberian Peninsula, by determining their concentration and distribution in soils, river suspended particulate matter (SPM), riverbank sediments, marine SPM, and marine surface sediments. The concentrations of brGDGTs in river SPM were substantially higher and their distributions were different compared to those of the drainage basin soils. This indicates that brGDGTs are mainly produced in the river itself. In the marine environment, the brGDGT concentrations rapidly decreased with increasing distance from the Tagus estuary. At the same time, the brGDGT distributions in marine sediments also changed, indicating that marine in-situ production also takes place. These results show that there are various problems that complicate the use of the MBT'/CBT for paleoreconstructions using coastal marine sediments in the vicinity of a river. However, if the majority of brGDGTs are produced in the river, it might be possible to reconstruct the environmental (temperature and pH) conditions of the river water using appropriate aquatic calibrations, provided that marine core locations are chosen in such a way that the brGDGTs in their sediments are predominantly derived from riverine in-situ production.
    Keywords: NIOZ_UU; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Branched GDGTs of sediment and soil samples from Svalbard (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Peterse, Francien; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Schouten, Stefan; Klitgaard-Kristensen, Dorthe; Koç, Nalân; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S (2009): Constraints on the application of the MBT/CBT palaeothermometer at high latitude environments (Svalbard, Norway). Organic Geochemistry, 40(6), 692-699, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.03.004
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are membrane lipids of unknown bacteria that are ubiquitous in soil and peat. Two indices based on the distribution of these lipids in soils, the Cyclization of Branched Tetraethers (CBT) and the Methylation of Branched Tetraethers (MBT) indices have been shown to correlate with soil pH, and mean annual air temperature (MAT) and soil pH, respectively, and can be used to reconstruct MAT in palaeoenvironments. To verify the extent to which branched GDGTs in marine sediments reflect the distribution pattern on land and whether these proxies are applicable for palaeoclimate reconstruction in high latitude environments with a MAT of 〈0 °C, we compared the branched GDGT distribution in Svalbard soils and nearby fjord sediments. Although branched GDGT concentrations in the soil are relatively low (0.02-0.95 µg/g dry weight (dw)) because of the cold climate and the short growing season, reconstructed MATs based on the MBT/CBT proxy are ca. -4 °C, close to the measured MAT (ca. -6 °C). Concentrations of branched GDGTs (0.01-0.20 µg/g dw) in fjord sediments increased towards the open ocean and the distribution was strikingly different from that in soil, i.e. dominated by GDGTs with one cyclopentane moiety. This resulted in MBT/CBT-reconstructed MAT values of 11- 19 °C, well above measured MAT. The results suggest that at least part of the branched GDGTs in marine sediments in settings with a low soil organic matter (OM) input may be produced in situ. In these cases, the application of the MBT/CBT palaeothermometer will generate unrealistic MAT reconstructions. The MBT/CBT proxy should therefore only be used at sites with a substantial input of soil OM relative to the amount of marine OM, i.e. at sites close to the mouth of rivers with a catchment area where sufficient soil formation takes place and the soil thus contains substantial amounts of branched GDGTs.
    Keywords: NIOZ_UU; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Branched GDGTs in the Tagus River drainage basin and its outflow into the Atlantic Ocean
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Warden, Lisa; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Zell, Claudia; Vis, Geert-Jan; de Stigter, Henko; Bonnin, Jerome; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S (2016): Examining the provenance of branched GDGTs in the Tagus River drainage basin and its outflow into the Atlantic Ocean over the Holocene to determine their usefulness for paleoclimate applications. Biogeosciences, 13(20), 5719-5738, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5719-2016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: The distributions of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), which are transported from the soils where they are predominantly produced to marine sediments via rivers, have been applied in reconstructing mean annual air temperature (MAT) and pH of soils. However, paleoclimate reconstructions using sedimentary brGDGTs have proven difficult in arid regions, including the Iberian Peninsula. Recently, six novel 6-methyl brGDGTs have been described using new analytical methods (in addition to the nine 5-methyl brGDGTs previously used for climate reconstructions), and so new pH and MAT calibrations have been developed that were shown to improve the accuracy of reconstructions in a set of global soil samples, especially in arid regions. Because of this we decided to apply the new method to separate the 5- and 6-methyl isomers along with the novel calibrations to a sample set from the Iberian Peninsula to determine whether it improves paleoclimate reconstructions in this area. This set includes samples that run in a transect from source to sink along the Tagus River and out to the deep ocean off the Portuguese margin spanning the last 6000 years. We found that although pH reconstructions in the soils were improved using the new calibration, MAT reconstructions were not much better even with the separation of the 5- and 6-methyl brGDGTs. This confirmed the conclusion of previous studies that the amount of aquatically produced brGDGTs is overwhelming the soil-derived ones in marine sediments and complicating MAT reconstructions in the region. Additionally, the newseparation revealed a strong and until now unseen relationship between the new degree of cyclization (DC') of the brGDGTs and MAT that could be making temperature reconstructions in this and other arid regions difficult
    Keywords: NIOZ_UU; NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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