Note: SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE HAND AND UPPER EXTREMITY -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- SECTION I SYSTEMS ANATOMY -- SKELETAL ANATOMY -- MUSCLE ANATOMY -- APPENDIX 2.1. MUSCLES OF THE HAND AND FOREARM AND ARM: ORIGIN, INSERTION, ACTION,INNERVATION -- APPENDIX 2.2. MUSCLE COMPARTMENTS AND FASCIAL SPACES OF THEUPPER EXTREMITY -- PPENDIX 2.3. HUMAN FOREARM MUSCLE DIFFERENCE INDEX VALUES: A COMPARISON OF ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF SELECTEDSKELETAL MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY -- NERVE ANATOMY -- VASCULAR SYSTEMS -- SECTION II: REGIONAL ANATOMY -- ARM -- ELBOW -- FOREARM -- PART 1: FLEXOR FOREARM -- PART 2: EXTENSOR FOREARM -- WRIST -- HAND -- PART 1: PALMAR HAND -- PART 2: DORSAL HAND -- ANATOMIC SIGNS, SYNDROMES, TESTS, AND EPONYMS -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Preface to Second Edition -- Preface to First Edition -- Symbols -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Scope of Micrometeorology -- 1.2 Micrometeorology versus Microclimatology -- 1.3 Importance and Applications of Micrometeorology -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 2. Energy Budget Near the Surface -- 2.1 Energy Fluxes at an Ideal Surface -- 2.2 Energy Balance Equations -- 2.3 Energy Budgets of Bare Surfaces -- 2.4 Energy Budgets of Canopies -- 2.5 Energy Budgets of Water Surfaces -- 2.6 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 3. Radiation Balance Near the Surface -- 3.1 Radiation Laws and Definitions -- 3.2 Shortwave Radiation -- 3.3 Longwave Radiation -- 3.4 Radiation Balance near the Surface -- 3.5 Observations of Radiation Balance -- 3.6 Radiative Flux Divergence -- 3.7 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 4. Soil Temperatures and Heat Transfer -- 4.1 Surface Temperature -- 4.2 Subsurface Temperatures -- 4.3 Thermal Properties of Soils -- 4.4 Theory of Soil Heat Transfer -- 4.5 Thermal Wave Propagation in Soils -- 4.6 Measurement and Parameterization of Ground Heat Flux -- 4.7 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 5. Air Temperature and Humidity in the PBL -- 5.1 Factors Influencing Air Temperature and Humidity -- 5.2 Basic Thermodynamic Relations and the Energy Equation -- 5.3 Local and Nonlocal Concepts of Static Stability -- 5.4 Mixed Layers, Mixing Layers and Inversions -- 5.5 Vertical Temperature and Humidity Profiles -- 5.6 Diurnal Variations -- 5.7 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 6. Wind Distribution in the PBL -- 6.1 Factors Influencing Wind Distribution -- 6.2 Geostrophic and Thermal Winds -- 6.3 Friction Effects on the Balance of Forces -- 6.4 Stability Effects on the PBL Winds -- 6.5 Observed Wind Profiles -- 6.6 Diurnal Variations -- 6.7 Applications. , Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 7 An Introduction to Viscous Flows -- 7.1 Inviscid and Viscous Flows -- 7.2 Laminar and Turbulent Flows -- 7.3 Navier-Stokes Equations of Motion -- 7.4 Laminar Plane-Parallel Flows -- 7.5 Laminar Ekman Layers -- 7.6 Developing Laminar Boundary Layers -- 7.7 Heat Transfer in Laminar Flows -- 7.8 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 8. Fundamentals of Turbulence -- 8.1 Instability of Flow and Transition to Turbulence -- 8.2 The Generation and Maintenance of Turbulence -- 8.3 General Characteristics of Turbulence -- 8.4 Mean and Fluctuating Variables -- 8.5 Variances and Turbulent Fluxes -- 8.6 Eddies and Scales of Motion -- 8.7 Fundamental Concepts, Hypotheses, and Theories -- 8.8 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 9. Models and Theories of Turbulence -- 9.1 Mathematical Models of Turbulent Flows -- 9.2 Gradient-transport Theories -- 9.3 Dimensional Analysis and Similarity Theories -- 9.4 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 10. Near-neutral Boundary Layers -- 10.1 Velocity-profile Laws -- 10.2 Surface Roughness Parameters -- 10.3 Surface Drag and Resistance Laws -- 10.4 Turbulence -- 10.5 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 11. Thermally Stratified Surface Layer -- 11.1 The Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory -- 11.2 Empirical Forms of Similarity Functions -- 11.3 Wind and Temperature Profiles -- 11.4 Drag and Heat Transfer Relations -- 11.5 Methods of Determining Momentum and Heat Fluxes -- 11.6 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 12. Evaporation from Homogeneous Surfaces -- 12.1 The Process of Evaporation -- 12.2 Potential Evaporation and Evapotranspiration -- 12.3 Modified Monin-Obukhov Similarity Relations -- 12.4 Micrometeorological Methods of Determining Evaporation -- 12.5 Applications -- Problems and Exercises. , Chapter 13. Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layers -- 13.1 Types of Atmospheric Boundary Layers -- 13.2 Similarity Theories of the PBL -- 13.3 Mathematical Models of the PBL -- 13.4 Parameterization of the PBL -- 13.5 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 14. Nonhomogeneous Boundary Layers -- 14.1 Types of Surface Inhomogeneities -- 14.2 Step Changes in Surface Roughness -- 14.3 Step Changes in Surface Temperature -- 14.4 Air Modifications over Water Surfaces -- 14.5 Air Modifications over Urban Areas -- 14.6 Building Wakes and Street Canyon Effects -- 14.7 Other Topographical Effects -- 14.8 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- Chapter 15. Agricultural and Forest Micrometeorology -- 15.1 Flux-profile Relations above Plant Canopies -- 15.2 Radiation Balance within Plant Canopies -- 15.3 Wind Distribution in Plant Canopies -- 15.4 Temperature and Moisture Fields -- 15.5 Turbulence in and above Plant Canopies -- 15.6 Applications -- Problems and Exercises -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Comparing the Properties of Neuronal Culture Systems: A Shopping Guide for the Cell Biologist -- I. Introduction -- II. Approaching Experimental Questions Using Neurons -- III. Choosing a Neuronal Culture System -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2. Growing and Working with Peripheral Neurons -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods -- III. Cultures -- References -- Chapter 3. Dissection and Culturing of Chick Ciliary Ganglion Neurons: A System Well Suited to Synaptic Study -- I. General Introduction -- II. Materials -- III. Methods -- IV. Variations on Dissection, Dissociation, and Culturing Themes -- V. Concluding Comments -- References -- Chapter 4. The Culture of Chick Forebrain Neurons -- I. Introduction -- II. Growth and Development Characteristics -- III. Isolation of Single Chick Forebrain Neurons -- IV. Culture Conditions for Chick Forebrain Neurons -- References -- Chapter 5. Growing and Working with Spinal Motor Neurons -- I. Introduction -- II. Incubation of Fertilized Chicken Eggs -- III. Preparation of Chick Embryo -- IV. Dissection of Intact Spinal Cords and Isolation of Ventral Halves -- V. Enzymatic and Mechanical Dissociation of Intact Spinal Cords or Ventral Halves -- VI. Plating Motor Neurons Spinal Cord Neurons -- VII. Motor Neuron Enrichment by Density Gradient Centrifugation -- VIII. Experimental Use of Motor Neuron Cultures and Spinal Cord Cultures -- IX. Preparation of Solutions, Culture Dishes, Media, and Media Supplements -- References -- Chapter 6. Avian Purkinje Neuronal Cultures: Extrinsic Control of Morphology by Cell Type and Glutamate -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods and Systems -- III. Applications -- References -- Chapter 7. Culturing Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons -- I. Introduction -- II. Acquisition of Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons. , III. Short-Term Culture Methods -- IV. Long-Term Culture Methods -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 8. Working with Xenopus Spinal Neurons in Live Cell Culture -- I. Introduction -- II. Neuronal Labeling -- III. Culturing Xenopus Spinal Neurons -- IV. Live Cell Imaging and Manipulations -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 9. Culturing Neurons from the Snail Helisoma -- I. Introduction -- II. Maintaining Animals -- III. Initial Dissection -- IV. Culturing Nerve Cells -- References -- Chapter 10. The Tibial-1 Pioneer Pathway. An in Vivo Model for Neuronal Outgrowth and Guidance -- I. Introduction -- II. Development of the Tibial-1 (Ti1) Pathway -- III. Guidance of Ti1 Axons -- IV. Analysis of Axon Guidance Mechanisms in Grasshopper Procedures -- V. Laboratory Protocols -- References -- Chapter 11. Techniques to Dissect Cellular and Subcellular Function in the Drosophila Nervous System -- I. Introduction -- II. Background Sources of Information -- III. Drosophila as a Genetic Model System for Molecular Neurobiology -- IV. Biochemistry of the Drosophila Nervous System -- V. Cell Biology Techniques in the Drosophila Nervous System -- VI. Functional Analysis Techniques in the Drosophila Nervous System -- VII. Drosophila Electrophysiology -- References -- Chapter 12. PC12 Cells as a Model for Studies of Regulated Secretion in Neuronal and Endocrine Cells -- I. Introduction -- II. Propagation and Culture of PC12 Cells -- III. Studying Secretion Using PC12 Cells -- IV. Immunocytochemical Detection of Proteins in Intact and Permeable PC12 Cells -- References -- Chapter 13. B35 Neuroblastoma Cells: An Easily Transfected, Cultured Cell Model of Central Nervous System Neurons -- I. Introduction -- II. Applications Utilizing B35 and B50 Cells -- III. Protocols -- References -- Chapter 14. Live-Cell Imaging of Slow Axonal Transport in Cultured Neurons. , I. Introduction -- II. Culturing Neurons from Superior Cervical Ganglia -- III. Transfecting Neurons by Nuclear Injection -- IV. Injecting Neurons with Fluorescent Proteins -- V. Observing Movement -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15. Making Proteins into Drugs: Assisted Delivery of Proteins and Peptides into Living Neurons -- I. Introduction -- II. Principles -- III. Materials -- IV. Methods -- V. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 16. Tranfection of Primary Central and Peripheral Nervous System Neurons by Electroporation -- I. Introduction -- II. Electroporation Theory and Principles -- III. Electroporation Protocol for Chick Primary Neurons -- IV. Rationale for Setting Electroporation Parameters -- V. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 17. Biolistic Transfection -- I. Introduction -- II. Parameters that Affect Success of the Method -- III. Factors that May Affect Performance but Have Not Been Tested -- IV. Future Developments or Improvements -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18. Expression of Transgenes in Primary Neurons from Chick Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems by Retroviral Infection of Early Embryos -- I. Introduction -- II. Building Retroviral Vectors and Growing Functional Virus -- III. Infecting Early Chick Embryos by Injection -- IV. Dissecting Embryos and Culturing Neurons -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19. Production and Use of Replication-Deficient Adenovirus for Transgene Expression in Neurons -- I. Introduction -- II. Preparing Adenoviral Expression Vectors -- III. Production of Adenovirus in HEK293 Cells -- IV. Purification and Storage of Adenovirus Stocks -- V. Titer Assays -- VI. Safety Issues -- VII. Infection of Primary Neurons -- VIII. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Index -- Volume in Series.

Note: Intro -- The Volcanoes of Mars -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the authors -- Preface -- On the cover -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Welcome to Mars! -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Learning about Mars -- 1.3. Geology -- 1.4. Volcanism -- 1.5. Plate tectonics -- 1.6. Samples from Mars -- 1.7. Chronology -- 1.8. Outline of the book -- References -- Chapter 2: Areography -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Physiography -- 2.3. Background: Martian volcanoes -- 2.4. Geologic mapping of Martian volcanoes -- 2.5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: The Tharsis Province -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Volcanic constructs -- 3.2.1. Summits -- 3.2.2. Flank morphology -- 3.3. Unique features of Olympus Mons -- 3.3.1. Basal escarpment -- 3.3.2. Aureole materials -- 3.3.3. Collapsed volcanoes -- 3.4. Central plains of Tharsis -- 3.4.1. Lava flows -- 3.4.2. Fissures and other vents -- 3.4.3. Dikes -- 3.5. Explosive volcanism? -- 3.6. The role of glaciation -- 3.6.1. Subglacial birth of Olympus Mons -- 3.6.2. Western fan deposits -- 3.6.3. Summit glaciers -- 3.7. The uniqueness of Tharsis -- 3.8. Tharsis as the source for SNC meteorites -- 3.9. Summary and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: The Elysium Province -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Volcanic constructs -- 4.2.1. Elysium Mons -- 4.2.2. Hecates Tholus -- 4.2.3. Albor Tholus -- 4.3. Volcanic flows -- 4.4. The role of ice -- 4.5. Recent activity -- 4.6. Unanswered questions and future studies -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: The Circum-Hellas Province -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Spacecraft exploration -- 5.2.1. Mariner 9 -- 5.2.2. Viking -- 5.3. Central volcanoes -- 5.3.1. Tyrrhenus Mons -- 5.3.2. Hadriacus Mons -- 5.3.3. Amphitrites and Peneus Paterae -- 5.3.4. Melae and Pityusa Paterae -- 5.4. Post-Viking geologic investigations -- 5.5. Volcanic history -- 5.6. Future research -- References. , Chapter 6: Syrtis Major and small highland volcanoes -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Regional geography and geology -- 6.3. Tectonic and volcanic history -- 6.4. Composition of Syrtis Major deposits -- 6.5. Exploration of Jezero crater -- 6.6. Small highland volcanoes -- 6.7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Medusae Fossae Formation and the northern lowlands -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Observations of MFF -- 7.3. Interpretations of MFF -- 7.4. Explosive eruptions on Mars -- 7.5. Recent studies of MFF -- 7.6. Apollinaris Mons -- 7.7. Volcanic explosions in the northern lowlands -- 7.8. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Igneous composition -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Why is composition important? -- 8.3. Composition at a distance (remote sensing) -- 8.4. Composition from the Martian surface (in situ) -- 8.5. Combining orbital and surface data -- 8.6. Martian meteorites -- 8.7. Synthesis -- 8.8. What does it all mean? -- References -- Chapter 9: Lava worlds: Cosmic cousins -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Earth -- 9.3. The Moon -- 9.4. Venus -- 9.5. Mercury -- 9.6. Io -- 9.7. Asteroids and silicate volcanism -- 9.8. Cryovolcanism -- 9.9. Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: What's next? -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. InSight -- 10.3. Mars 2020 ``Perseverance´´ rover (NASA) -- 10.4. ExoMars 2022 rover (ESA) -- 10.5. Other near-term Mars missions -- 10.6. Mars Sample Return (MSR) -- 10.7. Humans to Mars ( eventually ) -- 10.8. The allure of Mars -- References -- Appendix -- USGS geologic maps of Mars including Martian volcanoes -- Small-scale geologic maps (Fig. A.1) -- Mariner 9 geologic maps (1:5,000,000-scale -- subset of full series) -- Tharsis lava flow maps (1:2,000,000-scale) -- Miscellaneous and large-scale maps -- New geologic maps of Martian volcanic regions (Fig. A.2) -- Index.

Note: Cover -- CONTENTS -- 1. Pressure and Its Measurement -- 2. Atmospheric and Alveolar Pressures -- 3. Hydrostatic Pressure -- 4. Doctor Dolittle Visits a Sitting Case -- 5. In the Loop-Left Ventricular Pressures -- 6. What Goes Around Comes Around-Venous Return -- 7. Pushmi-Pullyu and the Right Atrium -- 8. Pressure and Flow-Chickens and Eggs -- 9. Down But Not Out-Circulatory Arrest Pressures -- 10. Starling's Riddle of the Broken Heart -- 11. Oxygen and the Gradients of Life -- 12. The Two Doctors Fick -- 13. A Breath of Fresh Air-Ventilation -- 14. Pulmonary Function Tests -- 15. Where Breath Meets Blood-Lung Perfusion -- 16. Bird Brains and Bird Breath -- 17. Diffusion Limitation-Montana Style -- 18. Man, Machine, and Homeostasis -- 19. Putting It All Together-Manned Space Flight -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.

Note: Terpenoids and Steroids -- Contents -- Part I Terpenoids -- Chapter 1 Monoterpenoids -- 1 Physical Measurements: Spectra etc. -- Chirality -- 2 General Synthetic Reactions -- 3 Biogenesis, Occurrence, and Biological Activity -- 4 Acyclic Monoterpenoids -- Terpenoid Synthesis from Isoprene -- 2,6-Dimethyloctanes -- Halogenated Monoterpenoids -- Artemisyl, Santolinyl, Lavandulyl, and Chrysanthemyl Derivatives -- 5 Monocyclic Monoterpenoids -- Cyclobutane -- Cyclopentanes, Iridoids -- p-Menthanes -- o-Menthanes -- m-Menthanes -- Tetramethylcyclohexanes -- Dimethylethylcyclohexanes -- Cycloheptanes -- 6 Bicyclic Monoterpenoids -- Bicyclo[3,1,0]hexanes -- Bicyclo[2,2,1]heptanes -- Bicyclo[3,1,1]heptanes -- Bicyclo[4,1,0]heptanes -- 7 Furanoid and Pyranoid Monoterpenoids -- 8 Cannabinoids and other Phenolic Monoterpenoids -- Chapter 2 Sesquiterpenoids -- 1 Farnesanes -- 2 Mono- and Bi-cyclofarnesanes -- 3 Bisabolane, Sesquicarane, Sesquithujane -- 4 Sesquipinane, Sesquifenchane -- 5 Carotane, Acorane, Cedrane -- 6 Cuparane, Trichothecane -- 7 Chamigrane -- 8 Amorphane, Copaane, Ylangocamphane, Copacamphane, etc. -- 9 Himachalane, Longipinane, Longicamphane -- 10 Humulane, Caryophyllane, Protoilludane, Illudane, Marasmane, Hirsutane -- 11 Germacrane -- 12 Eudesmane, Vetispirane, Eremophilane -- 13 Guaiane, Pseudoguaiane -- 14 Miscellaneous -- Chapter 3 Diterpenoids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bicyclic Diterpenoids -- Labdanes -- Clerodanes -- 3 Tricyclic Diterpenoids -- Naturally Occurring Substances -- The Chemistry of the Tricyclic Diterpenoids -- 4 Tetracyclic Diterpenoids -- Naturally Occurring Substances -- The Chemistry of the Tetracyclic Diterpenoids -- Gibberellins -- Grayanotoxins -- Diterpenoid Alkaloids -- 5 Macrocyclic Diterpenoids and their Cyclization Products -- 6 Miscellaneous Diterpenoids -- 7 Diterpenoid Total Synthesis. , Chapter 4 Triterpenoids -- 1 Squalene Group -- 2 Fusidane-Lanostane Group -- 3 Dammarane-Euphane Group -- Tetranortriterpenoids -- Pentanortriterpenoids -- Quassinoids -- 4 Shionane-Baccharane Group -- 5 Lupane Group -- 6 Oleanane Group -- 7 Ursane Group -- 8 Hopane Group -- 9 Stictane-Flavicane Group -- Chapter 5 Carotenoids and Polyterpenoids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Carotenoids -- New Structures -- Monocyclic Carotenoids -- Bicyclic Carotenoids -- Isoprenylated Carotenoids -- Triterpenoid Carotenoids -- Degraded Carotenoids -- Stereochemistry -- Geometrical Isomerism -- Absolute Configuration -- Synthesis and Reactions -- Carotenoids -- Retinol Derivatives -- Other Degraded Carotenoids -- Physical Methods and Physical Chemistry -- Separation and Assay Methods -- Mass Spectrometry -- 13C N.M.R. Spectroscopy -- Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism -- Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy -- Miscellaneous Physical Chemistry -- Retinal as Visual Pigment Model: Spectroscopy and Physical Chemistry -- 3 Polyterpenoids and Quinones -- Polyterpenoids -- Quinones -- Chapter 6 Biosynthesis of Terpenoids and Steroids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Acyclic Precursors -- 3 Hemiterpenoids -- 4 Monoterpenoids -- 5 Sesquiterpenoids -- 6 Diterpenoids -- 7 Steroidal Triterpenoids -- 8 Further Metabolism of Steroids -- 9 Non-steroidal Triterpenoids -- 10 Carotenoids -- 11 Meroterpenoids -- 12 Methods -- 13 Chemotaxonomy and Genetics -- Part II Steroids -- Chapter 1 Steroid Properties, Reactions, and Partial Synthesis -- Section A: Steroid Properties and Reactions -- 1 Structure, Stereochemistry, and Spectroscopic Methods -- N.M.R. Spectroscopy -- Chiroptical Methods -- Mass Spectra -- Miscellaneous Techniques -- 2 Alcohols and their Derivatives, Halides, and Epoxides -- Substitution, Elimination, and Solvolysis -- Ring-opening of Epoxides -- Oxidation and Reduction. , Ethers, Esters, and Related Derivatives of Alcohols -- 3 Unsaturated Compounds -- Electrophilic Addition -- Other Addition Reactions -- Other Reactions of Olefinic Steroids -- Acetylenic Compounds -- Aromatic Compounds -- 4 Carbonyl Compounds -- Reduction of Ketones -- Other Reactions at the Carbonyl Carbon Atom -- Reactions involving Enols or Enolic Derivatives -- Oximes, Tosylhydrazones, and Related Derivatives of Ketones -- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives -- 5 Compounds of Nitrogen and Sulphur -- 6 Molecular Rearrangements -- Backbone Rearrangements -- Aromatization of Rings -- Miscellaneous Rearrangements -- 7 Functionalization of Non-activated Positions -- 8 Photochemical Reactions -- 9 Miscellaneous -- 10 Cholestane Derivatives and Analogues -- 11 Vitamin D and its Metabolites -- 12 Pregnanes -- Miscellaneous Pregnanes -- Pregnanes Substituted at C-18 -- 13 Lactones and Cardenolides -- 14 Heterocyclic Steroids -- 15 Steroid Radioimmunoassay and Labelled Steroids -- Haptens -- Labelling with Isotopic Hydrogen -- Other Isotopes -- 16 Miscellaneous Syntheses -- Chapter 2 Steroid Total Synthesis -- Erratum -- Author Index.