Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- Introduction to "Management and Development of Agricultural and Natural Resources in Egypt's Deserts" -- Egypt's Deserts -- The Main Geomorphic Features of the Agro-ecological Zones in the Egyptian Deserts -- Northern Coastal Belt -- Western Desert -- The Inland Sinai and the Eastern Desert -- The Climate in the Egyptian Deserts -- Northern Coastal Belt -- The Western Desert -- The Inland Sinai and the Eastern Desert -- Water Resources in the Egyptian Deserts -- Northern Coastal Belt -- The Western Desert -- The Inland Sinai and the Eastern Desert -- Soil Resources in the Egyptian Deserts -- Northern Coastal Belt -- The Western Desert -- The Inland Sinai and the Eastern Desert -- Biodiversity in Egypt -- Livestock -- Potential Uses of Agricultural and Natural Resources -- References -- Soil Resources and Their Management -- An Overview of Lakes and Depressions' Environments in the Egyptian Deserts -- Introduction -- How Deserts of Egypt Form and Evolve in Space and Time -- Western Desert -- Eastern Desert -- Sinai Peninsula -- Lakes and Depressions of the Western Desert -- Qattara Depression -- Wadi El-Natrun Lakes -- Siwa Oases: Salt Lakes and Soils -- Qarun (Moeris) Lake -- Wadi El-Rayyan Lakes -- Sustainable Land Resources of El-Faiyum -- Lakes of the Inland of Sinai and the Eastern Desert -- Lake Timsah -- Bitter Lakes -- El-Temsah and Bitter Lakes Pollution -- Soils of East Bitter Lakes -- Hardpan Hazard in East Bitter Lakes Soil -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Types and Distribution of Calcareous Soil in Egypt -- Introduction -- Definition of Calcareous Soil -- Types and Distribution of Calcareous Soils in Egypt -- Particle Size Distribution of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) -- Physical and Chemical Properties of Egyptian Calcareous Soils -- Soil Texture -- Calcium Carbonate Content. , Soil pH -- Organic Matter Content -- Soil Salinity -- Cation Exchange Capacity -- Soil Moisture Characteristics -- Soil Crusting -- Mineral Composition of Calcareous Soils -- Soil Fertility Status -- Soil Management Practices -- Tillage Operation -- Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers -- Irrigation Management -- Integrated Management Practices -- Soil Management and Irrigation with Low-Quality Water -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Recommendations -- Appendix -- References -- Re-inviting Mining for Egypt-A Framework for Small and Artisanal Mining -- Introduction -- Review of Artisanal and Small Scale Mining -- The Bolivian Model for Cooperatives of Miners -- The Moroccan Model for Cooperatives of Artisanal Miners -- Indian Experience -- US Aid Support for Small-Scale Mining -- Chinese Approach to Small Scale Mining -- South African Approach to Small-Scale Mining -- Artisanal Mining in Sudan -- Egypt's Needs for Small Scale Mining -- Small Scale Mining of Iron and Chrome Ores -- Potential Small Scale Mining of Zinc, Lead and Copper Ores -- Prospects for Small Scale Gold Mining -- Mineral Sands -- Conclusion -- Recommendations -- References -- Assessment of Microbial Biota in Some Localities in the Egyptian Desert Soils -- Introduction -- Background -- Assessment of Microbioata in Some Localities in the Egyptian Desert -- Total Microbial Counts -- Nitrogen Fixing Microorganisms -- Phosphate Dissolving Microorganisms -- Fungi -- Yeasts -- CO2 Evolution -- Western Desert Microbial Assessment -- Siwa Oasis -- New Valley -- Marsa Matrouh -- Alexandria (Maruit) -- Sinai Pensiula -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Incidence and Impact of Some Heavy Metals Pollutants in Some of the Different Newly Developed Regions, Egypt -- Introduction -- Background Pollution of Heavy Metals -- Sources of Heavy Metal Soil Pollutions. , Impact of Heavy Metal on -- Pollution in Egyptian Environment -- Heavy Metals in Soil and Plant -- Factors Affecting Heavy Metals Behavior in Soil -- Soil Remediation -- Traditional Treatment -- Soil Phytoremediation -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Development and Sustainability of Soil Resources in Egypt's Deserts -- Sustainable Soil Management to Mitigate Soil Erosion Hazards in Egypt -- Introduction -- General Knowledge on Soil Erosion -- Geologic Erosion -- Accelerated Erosion -- Soil Erosion in Egypt -- Distribution of Soil Erosion in Egypt -- Drivers of Soil Erosion in Egypt -- Water Erosion in Egypt -- Wind Erosion in Egypt -- Tillage Erosion in Egypt -- Measures of Soil Erosion Control in Egypt -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Sustainable Development of Microbial Community in Some Localities in the Desert Soil of Egypt -- Introduction -- Nitrogen Fixers -- Phosphate Dissolving Microorganisms -- Microbial Phytohormone Production -- Biochemical Activities of Soil Microorganisms -- Biological Control -- Background -- Sustainable Development of Microbial Communities at Different Localities in Egyptian Desert Soils -- Siwa Oases -- New Valley -- Maruit (West Alexandria) -- Sinai Pensiula -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Recommendations -- References -- Bio-fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture Development Under Salinity Stress -- Introduction -- Background on Sustainable Agriculture in Egypt -- Salinization as Critical Abiotic Stress and Its Impact -- Soils Salinization in Egypt -- Effect of Soil Salinity on Plants, Soil and Microbial Community -- Different Biological Approaches for Alleviating Soil Salinity -- Use of Salt Tolerant Crops and Genotypes -- Use of Microbes in the Form of Bio-fertilizers -- Bio-fertilizers as Efficient tool for Alleviation of Soil Salinity. , What is the Meaning of Bio-fertilizers -- Types of Microorganisms Used as Bio-fertilizers -- Mechanisms Used by Microorganisms in Bio-fertilizers for Alleviating Salinity Stress -- Stimulation of the Plant Growth Under Salt Stress -- Inducing Plant Resistance Against Salinity Stresses -- Impact of Bio-fertilizers on Plant Productivity Under Salt Stress -- Yield and Its Component -- Plant Chemical Constituents -- Soil Fertility and Microbial Diversity -- Application of Biofertilization Technology in the Egyptian Lands, Where and How? -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Recommendations -- References -- Weeds in the Egypt's Deserts and Their Management -- Multi-task of Weed Plants in Desert Environment -- Introduction -- Weeds in Desert Regions -- Weeds as a Source for Bioactive Constituents -- Weeds as Source of Biopesticides -- Phytochemicals from Weeds Root Exudates -- Weeds as a Source of Medicines -- Edible Weeds for Human Foods -- Palatable Weeds for Animal Grazing -- Weeds as Soil Indicators -- Weed Grasses for Landscape Purpose -- The Role of Some Weeds in Phytoremediation -- Weeds for Nitrogen Fixation and Replenish Elements to Soil Health -- Weeds in Industries Aspects -- Weeds as Soil Erosion Defender and Combat Land Degradation -- Weeds for Supporting Biodiversity -- Role of Weeds via Pollination in Crop Productivity -- Weeds to Combat Land Degradation and Desertification -- Conclusion -- Recommendations -- References -- Ecological Management of Weeds in Desert Regions -- Introduction -- Damage Caused by Weeds -- Weeds Problems Over the World -- Weeds Problems in Egypt, Especially in Newly Reclaimed Lands -- Understudying the Ecology of Weeds for Successful Control -- Factors Affected Weeds Spreading -- The Superiority of Weeds than Crop Plants -- Characteristics Related to Weed Seeds Production -- Weed Classification. , The Natural Classification of Weeds -- Classification According to Water Requirements -- Classification According to Place of Spreading -- Weeds in Different Egyptian Desert Region -- Siwa Oasis -- Weeds Species in the North Coast of Egypt -- Weed Plants in Eastern North Coast of Egypt (North Sinai) -- Weed Species in South Sinai Egypt (Ras Sudr and El-Tur) -- Distribution of Weeds in New Valley Governorate (El-Frafra to El-Khraga Oasis) -- Distribution of Weeds in Tushka -- Practices for Managing Weeds -- Ecological Weeds Management -- Components of Ecological Weed Managements -- Weed Prevention -- Seed Banks -- Conservation Tillage -- Mulches -- Crop Rotation -- Cover Cropping -- Mowing -- Soil Solarization -- Reduced Nitrogen -- Biological Control -- Ecological Weed Management -- Ecological Weed Management in New Cultivated Lands -- Considerations -- Programs -- Considerations for Successfully Weeds Control -- Under Irrigated -- Under Rainfed -- Weed Managements for Conservation of Natural Range Lands Resources -- Rational Use of Chemical Control in Cultivated Desert Lands -- Conclusion -- Recommendations -- References -- Insects in the Egypt's Deserts and Their Management -- Entomofaunal Communities in Desert Ecosystems -- Introduction -- Equilibrium Status of Desert Ecosystem -- Ecosystem Components -- Natural Criteria for Biotic Population Density Adjustment -- Natural Fundamentals Govern Desert Ecosystems -- Role of Entomofaunal Communities in Desert Ecosystems -- Role of Insect Species in the Food Chain -- Interactions of Entomofaunal Communities Under the Desert Ecosystems -- Entomofaunal Communities Under the Egyptian Desert Ecosystem Conditions (Northwestern Coast, Study Case) -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Recommendations -- References -- Sustainable Management of Insect Communities in the Cultivated Desert Regions -- Introduction. , Cultivation in Desert.