Note: Front Cover -- Concise Encyclopedia of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis: History, Theory, Technology, and Products -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1: Abbreviations -- 2: Abrasives -- References -- 3: Acoustic Effects During SHS -- References -- 4: Aerospace Applications -- References -- 5: Alloys of Transition Metals -- References -- 6: Aluminides -- References -- 7: Aluminum Nitride -- References -- 8: Applications of Reactive Multilayer Foils -- References -- 9: Auto-Oscillations -- References -- 10: Azide-Based Technologies -- References -- 11: Ball Milling-Induced SHS -- References -- 12: Bifurcation -- References -- 13: Binary Systems -- References -- 14: Black Ceramics and AlONs -- References -- 15: Borides -- References -- 16: Boron Carbide -- References -- 17: Boron Nitride -- References -- 18: Casting of Alloys -- References -- 19: Catalysts -- References -- 20: Cathodes-Targets -- References -- 21: Cemented Carbide Tools -- References -- 22: Cemented Carbides -- References -- 23: Centrifugal Casting -- References -- 24: Chalcogenides -- References -- 25: Chaotic Regimes -- References -- 26: Chemically Assisted Combustion Synthesis -- References -- 27: Chromium Borides -- References -- 28: Combustion Mechanisms -- References -- 29: Combustion of Chromium in Nitrogen -- References -- 30: Combustion Wave Propagation Over Condensed Matter -- 31: Combustion Wave Propagation Velocity -- References -- 32: Combustion Wave Velocity and Temperature Profile -- References -- 33: Composite Materials -- References -- 34: Diamond Containing Tools -- References -- 35: Discovery of SHS -- References -- 36: Dissolution-Precipitation -- References -- 37: DTA/TGA-Based Methods -- References -- 38: Dynamic Methods of Experimental Diagnostics -- References -- 39: Electric Probes -- References. , 40: Electro-Composites Using SCS Powders -- References -- 41: Electrodes -- References -- 42: Electromagnetic Field Generation in SHS -- References -- 43: Electrothermography -- References -- 44: Elemental Synthesis -- References -- 45: Emission Phenomena During SHS -- References -- 46: Emulsion Combustion Synthesis -- References -- 47: Exothermicity of SHS Reactions -- Reference -- 48: Experimental Methods -- References -- 49: Ferrites -- References -- 50: Ferroalloys -- Combustion of Ferrovanadium in Nitrogen -- Combustion of Ferro-Silicon in Nitrogen -- Ferroniobium Nitriding in the Combustion Mode -- Combustion of Ferrotitanium in Nitrogen -- Combustion of Ferrochromium in Nitrogen -- Combustion of Ferroboron in Nitrogen -- Reference -- 51: Foams -- References -- 52: Forced SHS Consolidation -- References -- 53: Founders: A.G. Merzhanov, I.P. Borovinskaya, V.M. Shkiro -- 54: Front of the Combustion Wave -- 55: Functionally Graded Materials -- References -- 56: Fundamentals: Experiment -- References -- 57: Fundamentals: Theory -- References -- 58: Gas Transport Technology -- References -- 59: Grain Growth -- Reference -- 60: Hard-Facing by Welding -- References -- 61: Heterogeneous Reactions -- References -- 62: High Gas Pressure SHS of Ceramics -- References -- 63: High-Speed Micro Video Recording -- References -- 64: High-Temperature Superconducting Materials -- References -- 65: Hydrides and Deuterides of Transition Metals -- References -- 66: Hydridonitrides and Carbohydrides of Transition Metals -- References -- 67: Immobilization of Radioactive Wastes -- References -- 68: Impregnated SCS -- References -- 69: Industrial Ferroalloys -- References -- 70: Industrialization -- References -- 71: Infrared Thermal Analysis -- References -- 72: International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis -- 73: International Symposia on SHS. , 74: ISMAN -- References -- 75: Joining of Refractory and Dissimilar Materials -- References -- 76: Large-Size Items -- References -- 77: Master Alloys -- References -- 78: Materials and Coatings for High-Temperature Applications -- References -- 79: Max Phases -- References -- 80: Measurements of Combustion Velocity -- References -- 81: Mechanically Assisted SHS -- References -- 82: Metal Powders -- References -- 83: Metallurgy -- References -- 84: Microgravity SHS -- References -- 85: Microheterogeneous (Discrete) Models -- References -- 86: Molybdenum Borides -- References -- 87: Nanoenergetic Gas Generators -- References -- 88: Nanoenergetic Materials -- References -- 89: New Directions -- References -- 90: Nickel Aluminides -- References -- 91: Nitrides and Nitride Ceramics -- References -- 92: Nitrides and Oxynitrides Synthesis in N2/O2 Mixtures -- References -- 93: Nonoxide Ceramics -- References -- 94: Nonstationary Combustion Wave -- References -- 95: Organic SHS -- References -- 96: Orthopedic and Dental Implants -- References -- 97: Oxides -- References -- 98: Perovskites -- References -- 99: Phase Separation in SHS-Casting -- References -- 100: Phase Transitions During Combustion of Alloys in Nitrogen -- References -- 101: Pigments -- 102: Powders Production by SHS -- References -- 103: Precursors of Ceramic Materials -- References -- 104: Principles of Nonunique Structures -- References -- 105: Products of SHS -- References -- 106: Quasihomogeneous Models -- 107: Quenching of the Combustion Wave -- References -- 108: Reaction Chamber -- References -- 109: Reaction-Diffusion Model -- References -- 110: Reactive Forging -- References -- 111: Role of Contact Melting in Gasless Combustion -- References -- 112: Shape-Memory Alloys -- References -- 113: Shock-Wave Synthesis in SHS Mixtures -- References -- 114: SHS Centers -- References. , 115: SHS Effects -- References -- 116: SHS in Armenia -- 117: SHS in Belorussia -- References -- 118: SHS in China -- References -- 119: SHS in France -- References -- 120: SHS in Georgia -- 121: SHS in India -- References -- 122: SHS in Italy -- University of Cagliari (Professors G. Cao and R. Orrù) -- University of Genoa (Professor M. Ferretti) -- National Research Council IENI, Milan, Ing. (C. Zanotti) -- University of Pavia (Professor U. Anselmi Tamburini) -- University of Sassari (Professors G. Cocco and A. Mariani) -- Turin Polytechnic University (Professor I. Amatoe and B. Debenedetti) -- 123: SHS in Japan -- References -- 124: SHS in Kazakhstan -- References -- 125: SHS in Liquid Nitrogen -- References -- 126: SHS in Poland -- Brief History -- Present SHS Activity -- AGH-UST -- Warsaw University -- References -- 127: SHS in Russia -- References -- 128: SHS in South Korea -- References -- 129: SHS in Spain -- References -- 130: SHS in Turkey -- References -- 131: SHS in United States of America -- References -- 132: SHS in Vacuum -- References -- 133: SHS Materials in Medicine -- References -- 134: SHS of Heat-Treated Mixtures -- References -- 135: SHS-Rolling in Vacuum -- References -- 136: Sialon -- References -- 137: Silicon Carbide -- References -- 138: Silicon Nitride -- References -- 139: Solid Flame -- References -- 140: Solution Combustion Synthesis -- References -- 141: Solution Combustion Synthesis of Catalysts -- References -- 142: Spark Plasma Sintering of SHS Powders -- References -- 143: Spectroscopy of SHS -- References -- 144: Spin Combustion of Gas and Gas-Free Systems -- References -- 145: Spinel-Based Pigments -- References -- 146: Stationary Combustion Wave -- References -- 147: Steady Propagation of Combustion Wave -- 148: STIM Alloys -- References -- 149: Structural Macrokinetics -- References -- 150: Supported Catalysts. , References -- 151: Tantalum Nitride -- References -- 152: Technological Routes -- References -- 153: Temperature Measurements -- References -- 154: Template-Assisted Solution Combustion Synthesis -- References -- 155: Thermal Explosion Mode of Combustion Synthesis -- References -- 156: Thermal Spray Coatings Using Solution Combustion Synthesized Powders -- Coatings for Biomedical Implants -- Coatings for Aerospace and Energy Sectors -- References -- 157: Thermodynamics of SHS Processes -- References -- 158: Time-Resolved X-Ray and Synchrotron-Ray Diffraction -- References -- 159: Titanium Aluminides -- References -- 160: Titanium Carbide -- References -- 161: Titanium Nitride -- References -- 162: Tubular Structures Including Nanotubes -- References -- 163: Tungsten Carbide -- References -- 164: Two-Dimensional Materials -- References -- 165: Ultrasonic Field Impact on SHS -- References -- 166: Unstable Combustion Mode -- References -- 167: Unsteady Regimes of Combustion -- References -- 168: Vapor-Liquid-Solid Mechanism of Structure Formation -- References -- 169: X-Ray Generation by SHS -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.

Note: From Cells to Societies Models of Complex Coherent Action -- From Cells to Societies -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Games of Life -- 3. Active Motion -- 4. Ridden by the Noise ... -- 5. Dynamics with Delays and Expectations -- 6. Mutual Synchronization -- 7. Dynamical Clustering -- 8. Hierarchical Organization -- 9. Dynamics and Evolution of Networks -- References -- Subject Index.

Note: Intro -- Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproductive Biology -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Kisspeptin Signaling In Vivo and In Vitro -- Chapter 1: Kisspeptin: Past, Present, and Prologue -- References -- Chapter 2: Structure, Synthesis, and Phylogeny of Kisspeptin and its Receptor -- Introduction -- Structure of Kisspeptin -- Evolution of Kisspeptins and Their Receptors -- Phylogeny of Kiss1 and Kiss2 Genes -- Phylogeny of gpr54-1 and gpr54-2 -- Functional Evolution of Kiss1 and Kiss2 -- Steroid Sensitivity of Kisspeptin Neurons Is Conserved Among Vertebrates -- Axonal Projections of the Kisspeptin Neurons and the Distribution of Kisspeptin Receptors -- Projections of Kiss1 Neurons in Mammals -- Projections of Kiss1/Kiss2 Neurons in Teleosts -- Kisspeptin as a Peptide Belonging to the RFamide Family of Peptide -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Neuroanatomy of the Kisspeptin Signaling System in Mammals: Comparative and Developmental Aspects -- Introduction -- Distribution of Kisspeptin and Kiss1 in the Adult Brain -- Kisspeptin Cell Bodies -- Kisspeptin Fibers -- Co-localization of Other Peptide/Transmitters -- Co-localization of Steroid Receptors -- Distribution of Kiss1r -- Hypothalamic Expression -- Extra-hypothalamic Expression -- Cellular Expression -- Matches/Mismatches of Kiss1r and Kisspeptin Fibers -- Anatomical Connections of Kisspeptin Cells -- Efferent Projections -- Afferent Inputs -- Reciprocal Connections with GnRH Neurons -- Development and Sex Differences in the Kisspeptin Signaling System -- Development of Kisspeptin and Kiss1 Expression in Females -- Sex Differences: Developmental Changes in Males -- Hormonal Control of Sexual Dimorphism in Development -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: The Effects of Kisspeptin on Gonadotropin Release in Non-human Mammals -- Introduction. , The Effects of Acute Administration of Kisspeptin on Gonadotropin Secretion -- Acute Peripheral Administration of Human Kisspeptin-54 or Rat Kisspeptin-52 -- Acute Central Administration of Kisspeptin -- Acute Intravenous Administration -- Acute Intraperitoneal Administration -- The Effect of Repeated Administration of Kisspeptin on Gonadotropin Secretion -- Desensitization to the Effects of Kisspeptin with Persistent (Chronic) Administration -- Site of Action of Kisspeptin -- Kisspeptin Actions in the Brain -- Kisspeptin Actions in the Pituitary -- Comparison of Different Kisspeptin Isoforms -- Comparison of Different Routes of Administration -- Effect of Nutritional State on Gonadotrophic Response to Kisspeptin -- Effects of Development and Reproductive Maturation on Response to Kisspeptin -- Effect of Sex and Stage of Female Estrus Cycle on Response to Kisspeptin -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Effects of Kisspeptin on Hormone Secretion in Humans -- Introduction -- Pharmacokinetics of Kisspeptin in Humans -- Challenges in Determining the Pharmacokinetics of Kisspeptin -- Pharmacokinetics of Kisspeptin-10 -- Pharmacokinetics of Kisspeptin-54 -- Stimulation of Reproductive Endocrine Activity by Acute Administration of Kisspeptin -- Dose-Responsive Stimulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in Healthy Men -- Changes in Kisspeptin Responsiveness Across the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Women -- Stimulatory Effects of Kisspeptin in Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea -- Effects of Kisspeptin in Patients with GnRH Deficiency -- An Extended Duration of GnRH Secretion Induced by Kisspeptin -- Effects of Kisspeptin on GnRH Pulse Generation -- Resetting of the GnRH Pulse Generator by Single-Bolus Administration of Kisspeptin -- Erratic LH Secretion Generated by Sustained Infusions of Kisspeptin. , Effects of Chronic Kisspeptin Administration in Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea -- Safety of Kisspeptin in Humans -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Kisspeptin Excitation of GnRH Neurons -- Relationship Between Kisspeptin and GnRH Secretion -- Kisspeptin Activation of Kiss1R -- Kisspeptin Activation of Kiss1R in GnRH Neurons: Downstream Signaling Pathways -- Kisspeptin Activation of TRPC Channels -- Kisspeptin Inhibition of Kir Channels and Their Role in GnRH Neuronal Excitability -- Presynaptic Effects of Kisspeptin on GnRH Neuronal Excitability -- Kisspeptin and Burst Firing in GnRH Neurons -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Molecular Biology of the Kisspeptin Receptor: Signaling, Function, and Mutations -- Introduction -- Kisspeptin Signaling and Onset of Puberty -- KISS1R is Expressed in GnRH Neurons -- KISS1R, Puberty, and Pubertal Disorders -- KISS1R Signaling Pathway -- Intracellular Trafficking of KISS1R -- Inactivating Mutations in KISS1R and Normosmic IHH -- The Leu148Ser-KISS1R Mutation -- The Leu148Ser-KISS1R Mutant and Fertility After Therapy -- The Leu102Pro KISS1R Mutation -- The Phe272Ser-KISS1R Mutation -- Compound Heterozygous KISS1R Mutations and IHH -- Loss-of-Function due to Frame-Shift in the KISS1R Gene -- Mutations in KISS1R not Associated with Altered Function -- Mouse Models of Kiss1r Disruption -- Gain-of-Function of Kiss1r and Central Precocious Puberty -- The Arg386Pro-KISS1R, the First Mutation to be Associated with CPP -- A Unique Mechanism of Prolonged KISS1R Signaling with Pathophysiological Implications -- A Little Gain-of-Function Goes a Long Way -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 8: Kisspeptin Antagonists -- Introduction -- Development of KP Peptide Antagonists and Receptor Binding -- Functional Tests of KP-10 Peptide Analogues In Vitro. , Active KP-10 Peptide Analogues Inhibit KP-10-Induced Inositol Phosphate Production and Intracellular Calcium Release -- Effects on Inositol Phosphate Production -- Effects of Peptide Analogues on Mobilisation of Intracellular Calcium -- Design and In Vitro Effects of Small Molecule Antagonists -- Testing KP's Role in GnRH Neuron Function -- Testing KP's Role in GnRH Pulsatility -- Testing KP's Role in Puberty -- Testing if KP Mediates Gonadal Steroid Negative Feedback -- Testing a Role for KP in Positive Feedback and LH Ovulatory Surge -- Design of KP Antagonists to Penetrate the Blood-Brain Barrier -- KP-Independent GnRH Secretion -- Future Applications in Physiological Regulation of Gonadotropins -- Potential Clinical Applications of KP Antagonists -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Kisspeptin and Clinical Disorders -- GnRH Deficiency -- Initial Reports -- Central Themes for Patients Carrying Mutations in the Kisspeptin Signaling Pathway -- Discovery of Mutations in Closely Related Pathways -- Fertility Phenotypes -- The Missing Link of KISS1 -- Insights Garnered from Kiss1 −/− and Kiss1r −/− Mice -- From Loss-of-Function to Gain-of-Function in the Kisspeptin Signaling Pathway -- Kisspeptin Expression in Organic Central Precocious Puberty -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Beyond the GnRH Axis: Kisspeptin Regulation of the Oxytocin System in Pregnancy and Lactation -- Introduction -- Pregnancy and Lactation -- The Magnocellular Neurosecretory System -- Firing Patterns of Oxytocin Neurons -- Central Effects of Oxytocin -- Afferent Inputs to Oxytocin Neurons -- Circulating Kisspeptin Concentrations in Pregnancy and Lactation -- Activation of Oxytocin Neurons by Peripheral Kisspeptin in Non-pregnant Rats -- Vagal Mediation of Oxytocin Neuron Activation by Peripheral Kisspeptin. , Activation of Oxytocin Neurons by Peripheral Kisspeptin in Pregnancy and Lactation -- Activation of Oxytocin Neurons by Central Kisspeptin in Pregnancy and Lactation -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Development and Regulation of Kisspeptin Neurons -- Chapter 11: The Development of Kisspeptin Circuits in the Mammalian Brain -- Introduction -- Kiss1 and Kisspeptin Expression in the Adult Brain -- The Development of the AVPV/PeN Kiss1 Population -- Ontogeny of Kiss1 Expression in the AVPV/PeN -- Sexual Differentiation of AVPV/PeN Kiss1 Expression During Development -- Possible Mechanisms of Steroid-Mediated Sexual Differentiation of AVPV/PeN Kiss1 Neurons -- Regulation of AVPV/PeN Kiss1 Neurons by Gonadal and Non-gonadal Factors During Peripubertal Development -- The Development of the ARC Kiss1 Population -- Ontogeny of Kiss1 Expression in the ARC -- Prepubertal and Pubertal Changes in Kiss1 Expression in the ARC -- Sex Differences in ARC Kisspeptin Neurons During Development -- Regulation of ARC Kiss1 Neurons by Gonadal and Non-gonadal Factors During Development -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 12: Kisspeptin and Puberty in Mammals -- Introduction -- Developmental Changes in GnRH Release -- Developmental Changes in the Kisspeptin Neuronal System -- Changes in Kisspeptin Release and KISS1R Responsiveness to Kisspeptin During the Pubertal Process -- Kisspeptin Signaling and GnRH Pulse Generation -- A Novel View on the Role of Kisspeptin in Puberty Onset -- Neuronal Substrates of Central Inhibition on GnRH in Juvenile Primates -- Neural Substrate for Steroid Inhibition of GnRH Release in Juvenile Rodents -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 13: Sex Steroid Regulation of Kisspeptin Circuits -- Introduction: First Kiss -- First Clues: Kiss1 Distribution and Kisspeptin Projections -- Kisspeptin Neurons Finding Their Way. , Kisspeptin, the "Missing Link" in Sex Steroid Control of GnRH Secretion.

Note: Intro -- Cell-free Protein Synthesis -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- 1 Cell-free Protein Synthesis Systems: Historical Landmarks, Classification, and General Methods -- 1.1 Introduction: Historical Landmarks -- 1.1.1 Discovery of Protein Synthesis in Cell Extracts -- 1.1.2 Translation of Exogenous Messages -- 1.1.3 Coupled Transcription-translation in Bacterial Extracts -- 1.1.4 Combined Transcription-translation Systems -- 1.1.5 Continuous Flow/Continuous Exchange Principle -- 1.2 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Types of Cell-free Expression Systems -- 1.2.1 Cell Extracts -- 1.2.1.1 E. coli extract (ECE) -- 1.2.1.2 Wheat Germ Extract (WGE) -- 1.2.1.3 Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate (RRL) -- 1.2.2 Genetic Constructs (Expression Vectors) -- 1.2.2.1 Prokaryotic Systems -- 1.2.2.2 Eukaryotic Systems -- 1.3 Preparing Cell Extracts -- 1.3.1 E. coli Extracts -- 1.3.1.1 Genetics -- 1.3.1.2 Cell Growth -- 1.3.1.3 Extract Preparation -- 1.3.2 Wheat Germ Extracts -- 1.4 Designing Reaction Composition -- 1.4.1 Mg(2+) and Phosphate -- 1.4.2 Other Salts -- 1.4.3 Nucleotides and Amino Acids -- 1.4.4 Stabilization Reagents -- 1.4.5 Other Factors -- 1.5 Providing Energy -- 1.5.1 Direct Nucleotide Regeneration -- 1.5.2 Indirect Nucleotide Regeneration -- 1.6 Enhancing Protein Folding -- 1.6.1 Temperature Effects -- 1.6.2 Cell Extract Concentration -- 1.6.3 Effects of Folding Ligands -- 1.6.4 Effects of Chaperones and Foldases -- 1.6.5 Effects of Detergents -- 2 The Constructive Approach for Cell-free Translation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Process of Protein Synthesis -- 2.2.1 Polypeptide Synthesis -- 2.2.2 Protein Maturation -- 2.3 A Constructive Approach to Protein Synthesis -- 2.3.1 In Vitro Reconstitution of Polypeptide Synthesis -- 2.3.2 Protocol of Protein Synthesis using PURE System. , 2.3.3 Addition of Protein Folding Machinery to the PURE System -- 2.3.4 Integration of a Membrane Targeting System with the PURE system -- 2.3.5 Protein Synthesis using the PURE System containing Molecular Chaperones -- 2.4 Conclusion -- 3 Functional Genomic Analysis using Sequential Cell-free Protein Synthesis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 The Post-genomic Era -- 3.1.2 Cell-free Protein Synthesis (CFPS) as a Functional Proteomic Tool -- 3.2 Developing an enabling Technology for Sequential Expression Analysis -- 3.2.1 Improving Linear Template Stability -- 3.2.2 Improving PCR Reactions for generating Genomic Linear Templates -- 3.2.3 Optimizing Cofactor Concentrations for Enzyme Activation -- 3.3 Demonstrating Functional Genomic Analysis with CFPS -- 3.3.1 Isolation and Expression of Genomic Targets -- 3.3.2 Effects of Sample Library on β-Lactamase Expression and Activity -- 3.4 Conclusions and Projections -- 4 Cell-free Technology for Rapid Production of Patient-specific Fusion Protein Vaccines -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Lymphoma and Fusion Protein Vaccine Treatments -- 4.1.2 Comparing Cell-free and In Vivo Production Systems -- 4.2 Developing the Fusion Protein Construct and the Cell-free Production Process -- 4.2.1 Fusion-protein Production in the Cell-free System -- 4.2.2 Oxidized Reaction Conditions and DsbC Increase Soluble Protein Yield -- 4.2.3 GM-CSF is more Active at the N-terminus of the Fusion Protein Vaccine -- 4.2.4 New Linker Improves Fusion Protein Stability -- 4.2.5 Expression and Purification Scale-up for Vaccine Protein Production -- 4.3 Fusion Proteins Raise Protective Antibodies -- 4.3.1 Design of Vaccine Constructs and Mouse Studies -- 4.3.2 Fusion Protein Vaccination Protects against Aggressive Tumors -- 4.3.3 Antibody Generation is enhanced by Fusion Partners -- 4.4 Conclusions and Projections. , 5 Bacterial Cell-free System for Highly Efficient Protein Synthesis -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.2 Introduction -- 5.3 Coupled Transcription-Translation System based on E. coli Extract -- 5.4 DNA Template Construction -- 5.5 Preparation of Cell Extract from E. coli -- 5.6 Batch-mode Cell-free Reaction -- 5.7 Dialysis-mode Cell-free Reaction -- 5.8 Template DNA -- 5.9 Reaction Temperature -- 5.10 Surface Area of the Dialysis Membrane -- 5.11 Stable-isotope Labeling for NMR Spectroscopy -- 5.12 Selenomethionine Incorporation for X-Ray Crystallography -- 5.13 Automation -- 5.14 Conclusion -- 6 The Use of the Escherichia coli Cell-free Protein Synthesis for Structural Biology and Structural Proteomics -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Introduction -- 6.3 High-throughput Expression by PCR-based Small-scale Cell-free Protein Synthesis -- 6.4 Fully Automated Protein Production using Middle-scale Cell-free Protein Synthesis -- 6.5 NMR Screening -- 6.6 Large-scale Protein Production for Structure Determination -- 6.7 Discussion -- 7 The Wheat Germ Cell-free Protein Synthesis System -- 7.1 Overview -- 7.2 Development of a Highly Efficient Eukaryotic Cell-free Protein Synthesis System -- 7.2.1 Preparation of a Highly Active and Robust Extract from Wheat Embryos -- 7.2.1.1 Protocol for the Preparation of Wheat Germ Extract [12] -- 7.2.2 mRNA 5´ and 3´ UTRs which Enhance Translation -- 7.2.3 Split-primer PCR for Genome-wide Generation of DNAs for Transcription -- 7.2.3.1 Protocol for "Split-primer" PCR [13] -- First PCR -- 7.2.4 Bilayer Translation Reaction Method -- 7.2.5 Transcription and Translation in One Tube -- 7.2.5.1 Protocol for One-tube Protein Synthesis Reaction -- 7.2.6 Reaction Methods for Large-scale Protein Production -- 7.3 Completion of Protocols for the Wheat Cell-free System -- 7.3.1 Performance of the Wheat Cell-free System. , 7.3.2 Robotic Automation of the Cell-free Protein Synthesis -- 7.4 Application to High-throughput Biochemical Annotation of Genetic Information -- 7.4.1 Genome-wide Functional Analysis -- 7.4.2 Preparation of Protein for NMR Spectroscopy -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 8 Cell-free Expression of Integral Membrane Proteins for Structural Studies -- 8.1 Overview -- 8.2 Introduction -- 8.3 Specific Characteristics for the Cell-free Expression of Membrane Proteins -- 8.3.1 Cell-free Expression of Membrane Proteins in the Presence of Detergents or Lipids -- 8.3.2 Detergents for the Efficient Resolubilization of Cell-free Produced Membrane Proteins -- 8.4 Case Studies for the High Level Cell-free Expression of Membrane Proteins -- 8.4.1 α-Helical Transporters -- 8.4.2 G-Protein Coupled Receptors -- 8.4.3 β-Barrel Proteins -- 8.5 Structural Characterization of Cell-free Produced Membrane Proteins -- 8.5.1 Crystallization of Cell-free Produced Membrane Proteins -- 8.5.2 Cell-free Expression as a Tool for High-resolution NMR Spectroscopy -- 8.5.3 Applications of Cell-free Expression for Solid-state NMR -- 9 Cell-free Production of Membrane Proteins in the Presence of Detergents -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Histidine Protein Kinases -- 9.3 Materials and Methods -- 9.3.1 Plasmids -- 9.3.2 Cell-free Protein Production -- 9.3.3 Protein Purification -- 9.3.4 Structural and Functional Protein Characterizations -- 9.4 Results and Discussion -- 9.4.1 Analytical Cell-free Production of His(6)-tagged Proteins -- 9.4.2 Detergents Compatible with Cell-free Synthesis -- 9.4.3 Fidelity of In Vitro Biosynthesis Reactions in the Presence of Brij35 -- 9.4.4 High-level Production of Functional HPKs in CECF Technology -- 9.5 Conclusions -- 10 Novel Techniques using PCR and Cell-free Protein Synthesis Systems for Combinatorial Bioengineering -- 10.1 Introduction. , 10.2 Improvements in the Escherichia coli Cell-free Protein Synthesis Systems -- 10.3 High-throughput Construction of a Protein Library by SIMPLEX -- 10.3.1 Development of SIMPLEX -- 10.3.2 Quality of the SIMPLEX-based Protein Library -- 10.3.3 Expansion of the SIMPLEX-based Library -- 10.3.4 Application of SIMPLEX for Combinatorial Engineering of Proteins -- 10.4 Development and Application of SICREX -- 10.5 Conclusion -- 11 Gene Cloning and Expression in Molecular Colonies -- 11.1 A Gap in Cell-free Biotechnology -- 11.2 Molecular Colony Technique -- 11.3 Gene Cloning in Molecular Colonies -- 11.4 Gene Expression in Molecular Colonies: Transcription -- 11.5 Gene Expression in Molecular Colonies: Translation -- 11.6 Gene Expression in Molecular Colonies: The Role of Thiol Compounds -- 11.7 Conclusions -- 11.8 Molecular Colony Protocols -- 11.8.1 Amplification Gels -- 11.8.2 Growing DNA Colonies -- 11.8.3 Detection of Molecular Colonies -- 11.8.4 Transcription in Molecular Colonies -- 11.8.5 Protein Synthesis in Molecular Colonies -- 12 Large-Scale Batch Reactions for Cell-free Protein Synthesis -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Cell-free Protein Synthesis -- 12.1.2 Comparing Cell-free Reaction Configurations -- Advantages of Batch Mode -- 12.2 Challenges for Extending Batch Duration and Productivity -- 12.2.1 Providing Energy -- 12.2.2 Stabilizing the Substrates -- 12.3 Scale-up of Reactions not Requiring Oxygen in Batch Mode -- 12.3.1 Test-tube Scale-up Results are Disappointing -- 12.3.2 Thin-film Format Conserves Performance -- 12.3.3 Investigating Fundamental Influences -- 12.4 Scale-up of Reactions Requiring Oxygen -- 12.4.1 Test-tube Scale up is Disastrous -- 12.4.2 Thin-film Format Conserves Performance -- 12.4.3 Stirred Tank Aerated Reactor Format Requires Antifoaming Agents -- 12.4.4 Enhanced O(2) Transfer Increases ATP Concentrations. , 12.4.5 Protein Production in 1-liter Batch Reactions.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- I Basic structures -- 1 Vectors and operators -- 1.1 Hilbert space -- 1.2 Operators -- 1.3 Positivity -- 1.4 Trace and duality -- 1.5 Convexity -- 1.6 Notes and references -- 2 States, observables, statistics -- 2.1 Structure of statistical theories -- 2.1.1 Classical systems -- 2.1.2 Axioms of statistical description -- 2.2 Quantum states -- 2.3 Quantum observables -- 2.3.1 Quantum observables from the axioms -- 2.3.2 Compatibility and complementarity -- 2.3.3 The uncertainty relation -- 2.3.4 Convex structure of observables -- 2.4 Statistical discrimination between quantum states -- 2.4.1 Formulation of the problem -- 2.4.2 Optimal observables -- 2.5 Notes and references -- 3 Composite systems and entanglement -- 3.1 Composite systems -- 3.1.1 Tensor products -- 3.1.2 Naimark's dilation -- 3.1.3 Schmidt decomposition and purification -- 3.2 Quantum entanglement vs "local realism" -- 3.2.1 Paradox of Einstein-Podolski-Rosen and Bell's inequalities -- 3.2.2 Mermin-Peres game -- 3.3 Quantum systems as information carriers -- 3.3.1 Transmission of classical information -- 3.3.2 Entanglement and local operations -- 3.3.3 Superdense coding -- 3.3.4 Quantum teleportation -- 3.4 Notes and references -- II The primary coding theorems -- 4 Classical entropy and information -- 4.1 Entropy of a random variable and data compression -- 4.2 Conditional entropy and the Shannon information -- 4.3 The Shannon capacity of the classical noisy channel -- 4.4 The channel coding theorem -- 4.5 Wiretap channel -- 4.6 Gaussian channel -- 4.7 Notes and references -- 5 The classical-quantum channel -- 5.1 Codes and achievable rates -- 5.2 Formulation of the coding theorem -- 5.3 The upper bound -- 5.4 Proof of the weak converse -- 5.5 Typical projectors -- 5.6 Proof of the Direct Coding Theorem -- 5.7 The reliability function for pure-state channel. , 5.8 Notes and references -- III Channels and entropies -- 6 Quantum evolutions and channels -- 6.1 Quantum evolutions -- 6.2 Completely positive maps -- 6.3 Definition of the channel -- 6.4 Entanglement-breaking and PPT channels -- 6.5 Quantum measurement processes -- 6.6 Complementary channels -- 6.7 Covariant channels -- 6.8 Qubit channels -- 6.9 Notes and references -- 7 Quantum entropy and information quantities -- 7.1 Quantum relative entropy -- 7.2 Monotonicity of the relative entropy -- 7.3 Strong subadditivity of the quantum entropy -- 7.4 Continuity properties -- 7.5 Information correlation, entanglement of formation and conditional entropy -- 7.6 Entropy exchange -- 7.7 Quantum mutual information -- 7.8 Notes and references -- IV Basic channel capacities -- 8 The classical capacity of quantum channel -- 8.1 The coding theorem -- 8.2 The χ - capacity -- 8.3 The additivity problem -- 8.3.1 The effect of entanglement in encoding and decoding -- 8.3.2 A hierarchy of additivity properties -- 8.3.3 Some entropy inequalities -- 8.3.4 Additivity for complementary channels -- 8.3.5 Nonadditivity of quantum entropy quantities -- 8.4 Notes and references -- 9 Entanglement-assisted classical communication -- 9.1 The gain of entanglement assistance -- 9.2 The classical capacities of quantum observables -- 9.3 Proof of the Converse Coding Theorem -- 9.4 Proof of the Direct Coding Theorem -- 9.5 Notes and references -- 10 Transmission of quantum information -- 10.1 Quantum error-correcting codes -- 10.1.1 Error correction by repetition -- 10.1.2 General formulation -- 10.1.3 Necessary and sufficient conditions for error correction -- 10.1.4 Coherent information and perfect error correction -- 10.2 Fidelities for quantum information -- 10.2.1 Fidelities for pure states -- 10.2.2 Relations between the fidelity measures. , 10.2.3 Fidelity and the Bures distance -- 10.3 The quantum capacity -- 10.3.1 Achievable rates -- 10.3.2 The quantum capacity and the coherent information -- 10.3.3 Degradable channels -- 10.4 The private classical capacity and the quantum capacity -- 10.4.1 The quantum wiretap channel -- 10.4.2 Proof of the Private Capacity Theorem -- 10.4.3 Large deviations for random operators -- 10.4.4 The Direct Coding Theorem for the quantum capacity -- 10.5 Notes and references -- V Infinite systems -- 11 Channels with constrained inputs -- 11.1 Convergence of density operators -- 11.2 Quantum entropy and relative entropy -- 11.3 Constrained c-q channel -- 11.4 Classical-quantum channel with continuous alphabet -- 11.5 Constrained quantum channel -- 11.6 Entanglement-assisted capacity of constrained channels -- 11.7 Entanglement-breaking channels in infinite dimensions -- 11.8 Notes and references -- 12 Gaussian systems -- 12.1 Preliminary material -- 12.1.1 Spectral decomposition and Stone's Theorem -- 12.1.2 Operators associated with the Heisenberg commutation relation -- 12.1.3 Classical signal plus quantum noise -- 12.1.4 The classical-quantum Gaussian channel -- 12.2 Canonical commutation relations -- 12.2.1 Weyl-Segal CCR -- 12.2.2 The symplectic space -- 12.2.3 Dynamics, quadratic operators and gauge transformations -- 12.3 Gaussian states -- 12.3.1 Characteristic function -- 12.3.2 Definition and properties of Gaussian states -- 12.3.3 The density operator of Gaussian state -- 12.3.4 Entropy of a Gaussian state -- 12.3.5 Separability and purification -- 12.4 Gaussian channels -- 12.4.1 Open bosonic systems -- 12.4.2 Gaussian channels: basic properties -- 12.4.3 Gaussian observables -- 12.4.4 Gaussian entanglement-breaking channels -- 12.5 The capacities of Gaussian channels -- 12.5.1 Maximization of the mutual information. , 12.5.2 Gauge-covariant channels -- 12.5.3 Maximization of the coherent information -- 12.5.4 The classical capacity: conjectures -- 12.6 The case of one mode -- 12.6.1 Classification of Gaussian channels -- 12.6.2 Entanglement-breaking channels -- 12.6.3 Attenuation/amplification/classical noise channel -- 12.6.4 Estimating the quantum capacity -- 12.7 Notes and references -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Abstracts of Invited Talks -- Sequence Comparison in the Time of the Deluge -- Repeats in Strings -- "Stringology" is 30 Years Old -- How to Think Big -- What's Behind Blast -- Table of Contents -- On the Efficiency of the Hamming C-Centerstring Problems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 NP Hardness and Parameterized Complexity of HRC,HRLC and HRSC -- 3 Approximations for HRC and HRSC -- References -- Dictionary Matching with One Gap -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bidirectional Suffix Trees Algorithm -- 3 Algorithm with Lookup Table -- 3.1 Splitting the Text -- 4 Conclusions and Open Problems -- References -- Approximate On-line Palindrome Recognition, and Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Palindrome Fingerprint -- 3 Palindrome up to 1−mismatch -- 3.1 The Idea -- 3.2 The Online Version of Palindrome with 1-mismatch -- 4 Palindrome Distance with up to k−mismatches -- 5 Application: Reversal Matching -- 6 Conclusion and Further Work -- References -- Computing Minimal and Maximal Suffixes of a Substring Revisited -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Minimal Suffix -- 3.1 Queries -- 3.2 Construction -- 3.3 Trade-Off -- 3.4 Applications -- 4 Maximal Suffix -- 4.1 Proof of Lemma 7 -- 4.2 Construction -- References -- Compressed Subsequence Matching and Packed Tree Coloring -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Packed Tree Color Problems -- 3.1 A O(tσ), O(tσ), O(1) Solution -- 3.2 A O(t + tσ w ), O(t + tσ w ), O(log t) Solution -- 3.3 A O(t + tσ logw w ), O(t + tσ w ),O( t w) Solution -- 3.4 Combining the Solutions -- 4 Labelled Successor Data Structure for SLPs -- 5 Subsequence Matching -- References -- Reversal Distances for Strings with Few Blocks or Small Alphabets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Upper Bounds on the Reversal Diameter -- 3 An Algorithm for Strings with Few Blocks -- 4 Reversals on Strings with Small Alphabet. , 5 Conclusion -- References -- On Combinatorial Generation of Prefix Normal Words -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basics -- 2.1 Prefix Normal Words -- 2.2 Bubble Languages and Combinatorial Generation -- 3 Combinatorial Generation of Prefix Normal Words -- 4 Experimental Results -- 5 Conclusion and Open Problems -- References -- Permuted Scaled Matching -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Properties of Permuted Scaled Matches -- 4 Algorithm -- 4.1 Algorithm's Running Time -- 4.2 Output Representation -- References -- The Worst Case Complexity of Maximum Parsimony -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Phylogentic Reconstruction Based on Parsimony Maximization -- 2 Analysis of Previous Approaches -- 2.1 The Algorithm of Cavali-Sforza and Edwards -- 2.2 The Algorithm of Hendy and Penny -- 3 A New, More Efficient Search Space Tree -- 4 Complexity of the New Search Space -- References -- From Indexing Data Structures to de Bruijn Graphs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Definition of de Bruijn Graphs with Words -- 4 Transition from the Suffix Tree to de Bruijn Graphs -- 4.1 The Suffix Tree and Its Properties -- 4.2 Construction of DBG+ k -- 4.3 Construction of CDBG+ k -- 5 dBG and CdBG from Suffix Array -- 6 Dynamically Updating the Order of DBG+ -- References -- Randomized and Parameterized Algorithms for the Closest String Problem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Notations -- 3 Randomized Algorithm for Binary Alphabets -- 4 Randomized Algorithm for General Alphabets -- 5 AnO(nL + n √ d · (2.5σ)d) Time Algorithm -- 6 More Efficient Algorithm for Large Alphabets -- 7 More Efficient Algorithm for Nonbinary Alphabets -- References -- Indexed Geometric Jumbled Pattern Matching -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Witnessing Index for O(1) Colors -- 3 A Detection Index for Two Colors -- 4 A Witnessing Index for Two Colors -- References. , An Improved Query Time for Succinct Dynamic Dictionary Matching -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Preliminaries -- 1.2 Related Work -- 1.3 Outline -- 2 Succinct Dynamic Dictionary Matching Algorithm -- 2.1 Overview of the Technique -- 2.2 Extra Large Group -- 2.3 Large Group -- 2.4 Medium Group -- 2.5 Small Group -- 2.6 Putting it all Together -- 3 Compact Construction of Succinct Aho-Corasick -- 3.1 Belazzougui's Succinct Static Aho-Corasick Automaton -- 3.2 Sketch of the Construction -- References -- Order-Preserving Pattern Matching with k Mismatches -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of the Algorithm -- 3 Preliminaries -- 4 The Algorithm -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Parameterized Complexity Analysis for the Closest String with Wildcards Problem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Parameter m -- 3 Parameter n -- 4 Parameter k + d -- 5 Parameters k and d -- 6 The Case of d = 1 -- 7 Conclusions and Open Problems -- References -- Computing Palindromic Factorizations and Palindromic Covers On-line -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Notations on Strings -- 2.2 Palindromic Factorization and Palindromic Cover of String -- 2.3 Tools -- 3 Combinatorial Properties of Palindromic Suffixes -- 4 Algorithms -- 4.1 Computing Smallest Palindromic Factorizations On-line -- 4.2 Computing Smallest Maximal Palindromic Factorizations On-line -- 4.3 Computing Smallest Palindromic Covers On-line -- References -- Compactness-Preserving Mapping on Trees -- 1 Introduction -- 2 NP-Hardness Results -- 3 Polynomial-Time Solvable Cases -- 4 Outlook -- References -- Shortest Unique Substring Query Revisited -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminary -- 3 SUS Finding for One Location -- 4 SUS Finding for Every Location -- 4.1 The Overall Strategy -- 4.2 Preparation -- 4.3 Finding SLS for Every Location -- 4.4 Finding SUS for Every Location. , 4.5 Extension: Finding all the SUSes for every Location -- 5 Experiments -- References -- A really Simple Approximation of Smallest Grammar -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Algorithm -- References -- Efficient Algorithms for Shortest Partial Seeds in Words -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Seed Suffix Tree -- 4 Reduction to Two Abstract Problems -- 5 Solutions to Abstract Problems -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Computing k-th Lyndon Word and Decoding Lexicographically Minimal de Bruijn Sequence -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Combinatorial Tools -- 4 Automata-Theoretic Tools: Computing CS -- 5 Ranking Lyndon Words and De Bruijn Sequences -- References -- Searching of Gapped Repeats and Subrepetitions in a Word -- 1 Inroduction -- 2 Auxiliary Definitions and Results -- 3 Computing of Maximal Gapped Repeats -- References -- Approximate String Matching Using a Bidirectional Index -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bidirectional Search -- 3 Analysis of Search Schemes -- 3.1 Estimating the Efficiency of a Search Scheme -- 3.2 Computing an Optimal Partition -- 4 Properties of Optimal Search Schemes -- 5 Case Studies -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- String Range Matching -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Framework -- 3 Linear Time and Logarithmic Extra Space -- 4 O(n log(m1 + m2)) Time and Constant Extra Space -- 5 Linear Time and Constant Extra Space -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- On Hardness of Several String Indexing Problems -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Our Results -- 2 Hardness Results -- 2.1 Boolean Matrix Multiplication -- 2.2 The Reductions -- 3 The Common Colors Query Problem -- 3.1 Query Algorithm -- 3.2 Details of the Data Structure -- 3.3 Analysis of Query Algorithm -- 3.4 Proof of Lemma 4 -- References -- Most Recent Match Queries in On-Line Suffix Trees -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definitions and Background. , 2.1 Suffix Tree Construction and Representation -- 3 Algorithm and Analysis -- 3.1 Naive Position Updating -- 3.2 Position Update Strategy -- 3.3 Most Recent Match Algorithm -- 3.4 Maintaining Property 1 -- 3.5 Maintaining Implicit Suffix Nodes and Main Result -- 4 Sliding Window -- 5 An Optimization for the Lempel-Ziv Case -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Encodings for Range Majority Queries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lower Bounds -- 3 AnO(n log log n) Bits Encoding for Range Majorities -- 4 AnO(n log n) Bits Encoding for Range Majorities -- 5 Extensionto τ-Majorities -- 6 Construction -- 7 Final Remarks -- References -- On the DCJ Median Problem -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Adequate Subgraphs w.r.t. a given Matching -- 4 The Upper Bound is Tight -- 5 Deciding Equality to the Bounds -- References -- Author Index.

Note: Scientific Computation The Hybrid Multiscale Simulation Technology An Introduction with Application to Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas -- The Hybrid Multiscale Simulation Technology -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Computational Models and Numerical Methods -- 1. Physical Systems and Computational Models -- 2. Particle-Mesh Models -- 3. Time Integration of the Particle Motion Equations -- 4. Density and Current Assignment. Force Interpolation. Conservation Laws -- 5. Time Integration of the Field and Electron Pressure Equations -- 6. General Loops for Hybrid Codes. Multiscale Methods -- 7. Particle Loading and Injection. Boundary Conditions -- Part II Applications -- 8. Collisionless Shock Simulation -- 9. Tangential Discontinuity Simulation -- 10. Magnetic Field Reconnection Simulation -- 11. Beam Dynamics Simulation -- 12. Interaction of the Solar Wind with Astrophysical Objects -- 13. Appendix -- 14. Solutions -- References -- Index.