Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1: Sex Hormones and Their Role in Gonad Development and Reproductive Cycle of Fishes -- Introduction -- Ovarian Development -- Oocyte Growth/Development -- Oocyte Maturation -- Testicular Development -- Brain-Pituitary-Gonad Axis (BPG Axis) -- Pituitary Gland -- Reproductive Hormones -- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone -- Fish Gonadotropin (GtH-I/FSH and GtH-II/LH) -- Hormonal Changes During the Reproductive Cycle -- FSH and LH in Female -- FSH and LH in Male -- Sex Steroids -- Estradiol -- Testosterone -- Ketotestosterone -- Maturation-Inducing Steroid -- Reproductive Cycle in Multiple Spawners -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 2: Vitellogenesis and Their Endocrine Control in Fishes -- Introduction -- Production of Estradiol-17 -- Synthesis of Vitellogenin -- Structure of Vitellogenin -- Heavy-Chain Lipovitellin (LvH) -- Phosvitin (Pv) Domain -- Light-Chain Lipovitellin (LvL) Domain -- Von Willebrand Factor Type D Domain (vWFD) -- Processing of Vitellogenin Inside the Oocyte -- Yolk Processing Enzyme -- Gene Responsible for Vitellogenesis -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 3: Estrogenic Regulation of Reproduction in Teleosts -- Introduction -- Estrogen Biosynthesis -- Estrogen Receptors -- Nuclear Estrogen Receptors -- Structure of Estrogen Receptors -- Membrane-Associated Estrogen Receptors -- Estrogen Signalling Pathways -- Significance of Estradiol During Sex Determination and Sex Differentiation -- Role of Estrogens During Vitellogenesis and Gonad Maturation -- Role of Estrogens During Sex Change -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 4: Steroids and Its Receptors in Fish Reproduction -- Introduction -- Synthesis of Steroid Hormones -- Steroid Hormone Receptors. , C18 Steroids -- C19 Steroids -- C21 Steroids -- Steroids in Puberty -- Steroids in Immunity -- Steroids in Stress -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 5: Hormonal Influence on Induced Maturation and Spawning in Striped Murrel, Channa striata -- Introduction -- Hormonal Regulation of Reproduction -- Induced Breeding Through Hypophysation -- Synthetic Hormones in Induced Breeding -- Gonadotropins -- Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Analogue -- Steroid Hormone -- Prostaglandins -- Broodstock Management -- General Management -- Induced Maturation -- Importance of Murrel -- Reproductive Biology of Murrel -- Identification of Brooders -- Broodstock Management of Murrel -- Induced Maturation -- Feeding and Environmental Management -- Induced Breeding -- References -- 6: Reproductive and Breeding Biology of Snowtrout Schizothorax niger -- Introduction -- Growth Curve -- Annual Growth Rate of Fish -- Length at First Maturity -- Sex Ratio -- Gonadosomatic Index -- Spawning Season -- Fecundity -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 7: Reproductive and Breeding Biology of Tuna Euthynnus affinis -- Introduction -- Biology -- Sex Ratio -- Maturity, Spawning, and Length at Maturity -- Fecundity -- Ova Diameter -- Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) -- Feeding Intensity -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 8: Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Versatile Model for Reproductive Biology -- Introduction -- Salient Features of Zebrafish as a Model Organism -- Zebrafish as a Genetic Tool to Study the Function of Different Genes -- Reproductive Gender and Biology of Zebrafish -- Reproductive Behavior and Performance of Zebrafish -- Zebrafish: An Efficient Model to Study Reproductive Disorders -- Stress-Induced Infertility -- Chemical-Induced Infertility -- Environment-Induced Infertility -- Reproductive Toxicity Assessment in the Zebrafish. , References -- 9: Sex Determination in Teleost Fish -- Introduction -- Environmental Mode of Sex Determination (ESD) -- Temperature -- Visual-Endocrine Cue -- Population Density or Size -- Endocrine Factors -- Genetic Mode of Sex Determination (GSD) -- Foxl2/Foxl3 -- Dmrt1 -- Dmy -- Gsdf -- Sox9 -- Sox3 -- Amhy/Amha -- Amhr2 -- SdY -- Germ Cell Number -- Conclusion -- Future Direction -- References -- 10: The Involvement of Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone (GnIH) in Fish Reproduction -- Introduction -- Discovery of GnIH/GnIHRs -- Evolutionary Origin of GnIH -- Distributions of GnIH/GnIHRs -- Brain and Pituitary -- Gonads -- GnIH Sequences Identified in Fishes -- Ontogeny and Tissue Distribution of Fish GnIH System -- Regulatory Mechanism of GnIH in Fishes -- Interactions of GnIH with GnRH and Kisspeptin -- The Physiological Effect of GnIH -- In Fish Reproduction -- Brain -- Gonads -- Other Roles of GnIH -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 11: Gene Regulation on Spermiation of Catfish -- Introduction -- Ectoplasmic Specialization -- Regulation of Spermiation -- Endocrine and Paracrine Regulation -- Initiation Spermiation -- Spermatid Cytoplasm Elimination -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 12: Ghrelin and Its Role in Reproductive Physiology of Fish -- Introduction -- Role of GRL in Maintaining Energy Balance -- Role of GRL on Different Reproductive Hormones -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 13: Melatonin and Seasonal Reproduction in Teleosts -- Introduction -- Role of Melatonin in the Regulation of Fish Reproduction -- Effect of Melatonin on the HPG Axis in Fish -- GnRH and GnIH in Melatonin-HPG Axis Interaction: Possibilities of Role Played by Duo -- Possible Role of Kisspeptin in Melatonin-HPG Axis Interaction -- Effect of Melatonin on the Gonadal Development of Fish -- Conclusion and Future Direction. , References -- 14: Emerging Role of Small Non-coding (MicroRNAs) During Regulation of Endocrine Function in Fishes -- Introduction -- MicroRNAs Modulates Metabolic Activity in Fishes -- Reproduction Controlled by Small Non-coding RNAs -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 15: Roles of Bioinformatics in Reproductive Science -- Introduction -- Fields of Bioinformatics -- Genomics -- Proteomics -- Transcriptomics -- Cheminformatics -- Drug Discovery -- Evolutionary Studies or Phylogenetics -- Crop Improvement -- Biotechnology -- Forensic Science -- Veterinary Science -- Biodefense -- Waste Cleanup -- Climate Change Studies -- Bioenergy/Biofuels -- Personalized Medicine -- Bio-Weapon Creation -- Molecular Medicine -- Gene Therapy -- Antibiotic Resistance -- Improve Nutritional Quality -- Reproductive Science -- Role of Bioinformatics in Animal´s Reproduction and Breeding -- Bioinformatics Tools for Reproductive Biology -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 16: Modulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis by Phytotherapy Using Different Delivery Approaches -- Introduction -- HPG Axis in Reproduction of Fish -- Phytochemicals and Reproductive Potential -- Mechanism of Plant Extracts in Increasing the Reproductive Output -- Administration of Phytochemicals -- Oral Administration Method -- Immersion Method -- Injection Method -- Nanotechnology -- Nanodelivery of Phytochemicals -- Phytoextracts and Sex Plasticity -- Conclusion -- References -- 17: Functional Role of Dietary Supplements on Reproductive Physiology of Fishes -- Introduction -- Life Stages in Fish Reproduction and Energy Demands -- Endocrine Control of Reproduction -- Effect of Nutrition on Fish Reproduction -- Effects of Food Restriction -- Effect of Food Quality on Fish Reproduction -- Lipids -- Proteins -- Carbohydrates -- Vitamins -- Minerals. , Broodstock Nutrition and Reproductive Interaction -- Energy Partitioning for Reproduction -- Effects of Nutrition on Fecundity of Brood Fish -- Impact of Diet Quality on Reproductive Output -- Feeding Specialized Diets prior to Spawning -- Supplementing Plant Extracts for Early Maturation -- Dietary Oils: Plant vs Marine Fish Oils -- Effect of Food Restriction -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 18: Endocrine Disruption in Freshwater Fish from Contaminants of Emerging Concern -- Introduction -- Sources of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Freshwater Environment -- Endocrine Disruption from the Contaminants of Emerging Concern -- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis -- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis -- Disruption of HPG-Axis by Pharmaceutical Steroid Hormones and Cosmetics -- Endocrine Disruption by Surfactants -- Endocrine Disruption by Brominated Flame Retardants -- Endocrine Disruption by Manufactured Nanoparticles -- Endocrine Disruption by Pesticides -- Endocrine Disruption by Plasticizers -- Conclusion and Future Direction -- References -- 19: Hormonally Active Agents: A Menace for Oogenesis and Fertility in Teleosts -- Introduction -- Oogenesis in Fish: A Saga of Neuroendocrine, Endocrine, and Autocrine/Paracrine Factors -- Endocrine Regulation of Ovarian Dynamics -- Oogonial Proliferation -- Follicular Growth and Development -- Maintenance of Prophase Arrest -- cAMP-A Prime Regulator of Cell Cycle Progression -- cGMP Modulation of Follicular Events -- Resumption of Meiotic Maturation -- Ovulation -- Autocrine/Paracrine Aspects Underlying Ovarian Functions -- Endocrine Disruption: What, Where, and How? -- EDCS at the Crossroads of Diverse Signaling Cascades -- Modulation of Genomic Pathway -- ER-Cochaperone Machinery -- Conformational Change in Ligand-Bound ER -- ER-DNA Interaction -- Modulation of Non-genomic Pathway. , EDCS: Potential Threat to Fish Eggs and Fertility.