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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Analyses of abyssal holothurian and its gut content and feces collected during SONNE cruise SO242/2, Peru Basin (SE Pacific) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Abyssal holothurians were collected during SO242-2 in the Peru Basin in 2015 with ROV Kiel 6000 (Geomar, Germany). Aboard the vessel, holothurians were measured (length, width, height), dissected and stored frozen (-20°C). Feces and gut content of individual holothurian specimens were also kept frozen. At the shore-based laboratory of NIOZ-Yerseke, samples were weight before and after freeze-drying and organic (org.) C/ δ13C and N/ δ15N content of freeze-dried, finely-ground holothurian gut content and feces were measured with an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Sediment grain size of holothurian gut content was determined by laser diffraction on freeze-dried and sieved (〈1 mm) sediment samples in a Malvern Mastersizer 2000.
    Keywords: Carbon, organic; COLBOX; Collector Box; Date/Time of event; Depth, bathymetric; Dry mass; Event label; feces; Feces, dry, total; gut content; Gut content, dry mass; Holothuroidea; In situ incubation chamber; ISCHAM; JPI-OCEANS; JPI Oceans - Ecological Aspects of Deep-Sea Mining; JPIO-MiningImpact; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Managing Impacts of Deep-seA reSource exploitation; Median, grain size; MIDAS; Moisture; Nitrogen, total; nitrogen content; organic carbon content; Sample ID; SG; Size fraction 〈 0.00063 mm; Size fraction 0.125-0.063 mm, 3.0-4.0 phi, very fine sand; Size fraction 0.250-0.125 mm, 2.0-3.0 phi, fine sand; Size fraction 0.500-0.250 mm, 1.0-2.0 phi, medium sand; Size fraction 1.000-0.500 mm, 0.0-1.0 phi, coarse sand; Slurp Gun; SO242/2; SO242/2_163_ISCHAM-BICS-1-holothurian-2; SO242/2_163_ISCHAM-BICS-2-holothurian-1; SO242/2_163_ISCHAM-BICS-3-holothurian-3; SO242/2_163_SLURP-1-holothurian-1; SO242/2_163_SLURP-7-holothurian-7; SO242/2_163_SLURP-9-holothurian-9; SO242/2_188_ISCHAM-BICS-1-holothurian-2; SO242/2_188_ISCHAM-BICS-2-holothurian-1; SO242/2_188_ISCHAM-BICS-3-holothurian-3; SO242/2_202_ISCHAM-BICS-1-holothurian-1; SO242/2_202_ISCHAM-BICS-2-holothurian-2; SO242/2_202_ISCHAM-BICS-3-holothurian-3; SO242/2_202_SLURP-1-holothurian; SO242/2_205_COLBOX-2-holothurian-4; SO242/2_205_COLBOX-3-holothurian-5; SO242/2_205_COLBOX-4-holothurian-6; SO242/2_205_SLURP-1-holothurian-2; SO242/2_216_SLURP-4-holothurian; SO242/2_219_COLBOX-1-holothurian-1; SO242/2_219_ISCHAM-BICS-1-benthodytes-1; SO242/2_219_ISCHAM-BICS-2-peniagone-1; SO242/2_219_ISCHAM-BICS-3-palaeopatides-2; SO242/2_219_ISCHAM-BICS-4-palaeopatides-1; SO242/2_219_SLURP-3-benthodytes-1; Sonne_2; South Pacific Ocean, Peru Basin; Species; stable isotope analysis; Station label; Wet mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 231 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Unknown
    Chemical composition of abyssal holothurian and its gut content collected during SONNE cruise SO242/2, Peru Basin (SE Pacific) (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Abyssal holothurians were collected during SO242-2 in the Peru Basin in 2015 with ROV Kiel 6000 (Geomar, Germany). Aboard the vessel, holothurians were measured (length, width, height), dissected and stored frozen (-20°C). At the shore-based laboratory of NIOZ-Yerseke, samples were weight before and after freeze-drying and organic (org.) C/ δ13C and N/ δ15N content of freeze-dried, finely-ground holothurian body wall tissue were measured with an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Total hydrolizable amino acids (THAA) from holothurian body wall tissue were extracted following a modified protocol of Veuger et al. 2005. Phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) and neutral lipid-derived fatty acids (NLFAs) were extracted from holothurian body wall tissue and gut content following a modified Bligh and Dyer extraction method.
    Keywords: Alanine; Aspartic acid; Aspartic acid, δ13C; Aspartic acid, δ15N; Carbon, organic, total; Carbon, total; COLBOX; Collector Box; Date/Time of event; Depth, bathymetric; Event label; feces; Glutamic acid; Glycine; Glycine, δ13C; Glycine, δ15N; gut content; Holothuroidea; In situ incubation chamber; ISCHAM; Isoleucine; Isoleucine, δ13C; Isoleucine, δ15N; JPI-OCEANS; JPI Oceans - Ecological Aspects of Deep-Sea Mining; JPIO-MiningImpact; L-Alanine, δ13C; L-Alanine, δ15N; LATITUDE; Leucine; Leucine, δ13C; Leucine, δ15N; L-Glutamic acid, δ13C; L-Glutamic acid, δ15N; LONGITUDE; Lysine; Managing Impacts of Deep-seA reSource exploitation; Methionine; Methionine, δ13C; Methionine, δ15N; MIDAS; Neutral lipid fatty acids; Neutral lipid fatty acids, δ13C; Nitrogen; nitrogen content; organic carbon content; Phenylalanine; Phenylalanine, δ13C; Phenylalanine, δ15N; Phospholipid fatty acids; Phospholipid fatty acids, δ13C; Proline; Proline, δ13C; Proline, δ15N; Sample ID; Sample type; Serine; Serine, δ13C; Serine, δ15N; SG; Slurp Gun; SO242/2; SO242/2_163_ISCHAM-BICS-1-holothurian-2; SO242/2_163_ISCHAM-BICS-2-holothurian-1; SO242/2_163_ISCHAM-BICS-3-holothurian-3; SO242/2_163_SLURP-1-holothurian-1; SO242/2_163_SLURP-2-holothurian-2; SO242/2_163_SLURP-7-holothurian-7; SO242/2_163_SLURP-8-holothurian-8; SO242/2_163_SLURP-9-holothurian-9; SO242/2_188_ISCHAM-BICS-1-holothurian-2; SO242/2_188_ISCHAM-BICS-2-holothurian-1; SO242/2_188_ISCHAM-BICS-3-holothurian-3; SO242/2_202_ISCHAM-BICS-1-holothurian-1; SO242/2_202_ISCHAM-BICS-2-holothurian-2; SO242/2_202_ISCHAM-BICS-3-holothurian-3; SO242/2_202_SLURP-1-holothurian; SO242/2_205_COLBOX-1-holothurian-1; SO242/2_205_COLBOX-2-holothurian-4; SO242/2_205_COLBOX-3-holothurian-5; SO242/2_205_COLBOX-4-holothurian-6; SO242/2_205_COLBOX-5-holothurian-7; SO242/2_205_SLURP-1-holothurian-2; SO242/2_211_COLBOX-3-holothurian-1; SO242/2_211_SLURP-2-peniagone-1; SO242/2_216_COLBOX-1-holothurian-1; SO242/2_216_SLURP-3-peniagone; SO242/2_216_SLURP-4-holothurian; SO242/2_219_COLBOX-1-holothurian-1; SO242/2_219_ISCHAM-BICS-1-benthodytes-1; SO242/2_219_ISCHAM-BICS-2-peniagone-1; SO242/2_219_ISCHAM-BICS-3-palaeopatides-2; SO242/2_219_ISCHAM-BICS-4-palaeopatides-1; SO242/2_219_SLURP-3-benthodytes-1; Sonne_2; South Pacific Ocean, Peru Basin; Species; stable isotope analysis; Station label; Threonine; Threonine, δ13C; Threonine, δ15N; Tyrosine; Tyrosine + Lysine, δ13C; Tyrosine + Lysine, δ15N; Valine; Valine, δ13C; Valine, δ15N; δ13C, organic carbon; δ13C, total carbon; δ15N
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9285 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Unknown
    Abyssal food-web model indicates faunal carbon flow recovery and impaired microbial loop 26 years after a sediment disturbance experiment (2020)
    Elsevier
    In:  Progress in Oceanography, 189 . Art.Nr. 102446.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Highlights • Total modeled carbon cycling at disturbed sites is lower than at reference sites. • Projected microbial loop functioning is reduced 26 years after sediment disturbance. • Estimated faunal respiration has recovered from sediment disturbance. • Estimated microbial respiration has not recovered from the sediment disturbance. Abstract Due to the predicted future demand for critical metals, abyssal plains covered with polymetallic nodules are currently being prospected for deep-seabed mining. Deep-seabed mining will lead to significant sediment disturbance over large spatial scales and for extended periods of time. The environmental impact of a small-scale sediment disturbance was studied during the ‘DISturbance and reCOLonization’ (DISCOL) experiment in the Peru Basin in 1989 when 10.8 km2 of seafloor were ploughed with a plough harrow. Here, we present a detailed description of carbon-based food-web models constructed from various datasets collected in 2015, 26 years after the experiment. Detailed observations of the benthic food web were made at three distinct sites: inside 26-year old plough tracks (IPT, subjected to direct impact from ploughing), outside the plough tracks (OPT, exposed to settling of resuspended sediment), and at reference sites (REF, no impact). The observations were used to develop highly-resolved food-web models for each site that quantified the carbon (C) fluxes between biotic (ranging from prokaryotes to various functional groups in meio-, macro-, and megafauna) and abiotic (e.g. detritus) compartments. The model outputs were used to estimate total system throughput, i.e., the sum of all C flows in the food web (the ‘ecological size’ of the system), and microbial loop functioning, i.e., the C-cycling through the prokaryotic compartment for each site. Both the estimated total system throughput and the microbial loop cycling were significantly reduced (by 16% and 35%, respectively) inside the plough tracks compared to the other two sites. Site differences in modelled faunal respiration varied among the different faunal compartments. Overall, modelled faunal respiration appeared to have recovered to, or exceeded reference values after 26-years. The model results indicate that food-web functioning, and especially the microbial loop, have not recovered from the disturbance that was inflicted on the abyssal site 26 years ago.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102446
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Unknown
    Deconvolving feeding niches and strategies of abyssal holothurians from their stable isotope, amino acid, and fatty acid composition (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Holothurians are the dominant megabenthic deposit feeders in the Peru Basin (SE Pacific) and feed to various degrees of selectivity on a heterogenous pool of sedimentary detritus, but drivers of feeding selectivity and diet preferences for most holothurian species are unknown. This study reconstructs the diets of 13 holothurian species of the orders Elasipodida, Holothuriida, and Synallactida. Bulk stable isotope analyses (δ13C, δ15N) of holothurian body wall and gut wall tissues, gut contents, and feces were combined with compound-specific stable isotope analyses of amino acids, phospholipid-derived fatty acids, and neutral-lipid-derived fatty acids in the body wall. We further assessed how holothurians in the Peru Basin partition their resources and calculated how much of the daily particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the area is ingested by them using information about gut contents of nine species. To assess the dependence of holothurians on fresh phytodetritus, we performed in situ pulse-chase experiments using 13C- and 15N-enriched phytodetritus. By measuring the uptake of this phytodetritus in fatty acids and amino acids and by comparing it with the presence of these compounds in the sediment, we calculated net accumulation and net deficiency for specific fatty acids and amino acids and discussed how climate change might affect the dependence on specific compounds. A Sørensen–Dice coefficient-based cluster analysis using data from trophic levels, levels of heterotrophic re-synthesis of amino acids, feeding selectivity, and food sources/diet suggested two major trophic groups with two optional subgroups each. Species-specific traits of locomotion, tentacle morphology, and gut structure likely allow resource partitioning and differences in selectivity among the holothurians, of which a subpopulation of 65% of all specimens can ingest 4 to 27% of the daily POC flux to the Peru Basin. Holothurians are specifically dependent on the uptake of arachidonic acid from phytodetritus, while most essential amino acids are available in the Peru Basin in sufficient concentrations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Abyssal food-web model indicates faunal carbon flow recovery and impaired microbial loop 26 years after a sediment disturbance experiment (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Progress in Oceanography, 189, pp. 102446, ISSN: 00796611
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-26
    Description: Due to the predicted future demand for critical metals, abyssal plains covered with polymetallic nodules are currently being prospected for deep-seabed mining. Deep-seabed mining will lead to significant sediment disturbance over large spatial scales and for extended periods of time. The environmental impact of a small-scale sediment disturbance was studied during the ‘DISturbance and reCOLonization’ (DISCOL) experiment in the Peru Basin in 1989 when 10.8 km2 of seafloor were ploughed with a plough harrow. Here, we present a detailed description of carbon-based food-web models constructed from various datasets collected in 2015, 26 years after the experiment. Detailed observations of the benthic food web were made at three distinct sites: inside 26-year old plough tracks (IPT, subjected to direct impact from ploughing), outside the plough tracks (OPT, exposed to settling of resuspended sediment), and at reference sites (REF, no impact). The observations were used to develop highly-resolved food-web models for each site that quantified the carbon (C) fluxes between biotic (ranging from prokaryotes to various functional groups in meio-, macro-, and megafauna) and abiotic (e.g. detritus) compartments. The model outputs were used to estimate total system throughput, i.e., the sum of all C flows in the food web (the ‘ecological size’ of the system), and microbial loop functioning, i.e., the C-cycling through the prokaryotic compartment for each site. Both the estimated total system throughput and the microbial loop cycling were significantly reduced (by 16% and 35%, respectively) inside the plough tracks compared to the other two sites. Site differences in modelled faunal respiration varied among the different faunal compartments. Overall, modelled faunal respiration appeared to have recovered to, or exceeded reference values after 26-years. The model results indicate that food-web functioning, and especially the microbial loop, have not recovered from the disturbance that was inflicted on the abyssal site 26 years ago.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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