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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A nuclear 'fossil' of the mitochondrial D-loop and the origin of modern humans (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 378 (1995), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Much of the debate about the origin of modern humans has focused on where the root falls in a phylogenetic tree relating the mitochondrial genomes of contemporary humans to each other2'4 8. Initial analyses of restriction maps of world-wide samples of the mitochondrial genome4 and DNA sequences of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/378489a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple repetitive sequences are associated with differentiation of the sex chromosomes in the guppy fish (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 30 (1990), S. 456-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Chromosomal sex determination ; Heterochromatin ; “Junk” DNA ; DNA fingerprinting ; Oligonucleotide hydridization in situ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hybridization of restriction enzymedigested genomic guppy (Poecilia reticulata, Poeciliidae) DNA with the oligonucleotide probe (GACA)4 revealed a male-specific simple tandem repeat locus, which defines the Y chromosome in outbred populations. The related (GATA)4 probe identifies certain males with the red color phenotype. In contrast only in two out of eight laboratory guppy strains was the typical (GACA)4 band observed. By specific staining of the constitutive heterochromatin one pair of chromosomes could also be identified as the sex chromosomes, confirming the XX/XY mechanism of sex determination. All males exhibit Y chromosomes with a large region of telomeric heterochromatin. Hybridization in situ with nonradioactively labeled oligonucleotide probes localized the (GACA)n repeats to this heterochromatic portion. Together these results may be regarded as a recent paradigm for the differentiation of heteromorphic sex chromosomes from a pair of autosomes during the course of evolution. According to the fish model system, this may have happened in several independent consecutive steps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02101117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digoxigenated oligonucleotide probes specific for simple repeats in DNA fingerprinting and hybridization in situ (1989)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 82 (1989), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A fast, reproducible and non-hazardous technique for non-isotopic DNA fingerprinting is presented. The method is based on digoxigenated oligonucleotides, which are specific for simple repetitive DNA sequences. The use of digoxigenin/ anti-digoxigenin detection avoids many drawbacks inherent in e.g. the biotin/streptavidin system which often causes a poor signal-to-background ratio. Synthesis and purification of digoxigenated oligonucleotides and their use in filter hybridization are described in detail. Hybridization patterns obtained with four different radioactively labeled oligonucleotides have been compared with those of the respective digoxigenated probes. When slightly less stringent hybridization conditions are applied for digoxigenated oligonucleotides than for those labeled with 32P, the signal intensities are satisfying but additional minor bands occur as a result of the reduced strigency. With one explainable exception, these bands increase the information content of the fingerprint. In addition, hybridization of the digoxigenated (CAC)5 probe has been performed in situ with human metaphase chromosomes. The hybridization patterns in many mitoses resemble R-bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00291160
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimized oligonucleotide probes for DNA fingerprinting (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 9 (1988), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The three different simple repetitive oligonucleotide probes (CT)8, (CAC)5 and (TCC)5 were hybridized to a panel of human DNAs which had been digested with the restriction endonucleases Alu I, Hinf I and Mbo I. The resulting DNA fingerprints were analyzed and different parameters calculated, such as the maximal mean allele frequency and the average number of polymorphic bands per individual. The highest number of bands was obtained after hybridization of Hinf I digested DNA with (CAC)5. The probability of finding the same band pattern as in individual A in individual B is 2 × 10-8. The DNAs of monozygous twins show indistinguishable banding patterns and the bands are inherited according to the Mendelian laws. Thus this procedure reveals informative fingerprints that can be used for individual identification, e. g. in paternity testing and in forensic applications. In most of these experiments 32P-labelled probes were employed, yet the biotinylated oligonucleotide (GACA)4 produced results which were equivalent to those obtained by hybridization with the 32P-labelled probe (GACA)4.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150090804
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal organization of simple repeated DNA sequences (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 12 (1991), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stretches of short, simple DNA sequences are widespread in all eukaryote genomes studied so far. Simple sequences are thought to undergo frequent expansion and deletion due to intrinsic genomic mechanisms. Some of the simple sequences were used successfully to detect hypervariable loci in various genomes. Hybridization experiments using synthetic probes not only revealed the informative simple repeats suitable for DNA fingerprinting in a particular specie, but also reflected the wide range of distribution of the simple sequences among eukaryotes. The organization of these simple repetitive sequences at the chromosomal loci was investigated using in situ hybridization with chemically synthesized, pure oligonucleotide probes. Both biotin- and digoxigenin-attached probes detected specific chromosomal sites that are enriched in the respective simple-repeat blocks. Depending on the organism and probe used, accumulation of simple DNA sequences at individual or multiple sites on the chromosomes of different vertebrates could be demonstrated. The simple repetitive DNA sequences are located in different chromosomal regions (e. g., heterochromatin on the sex chromosomes, nucleolus organizer regions, and R-band sites), which are constrained considerably during evolution.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150120216
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly instable (GATA)n-containing sequences of the mouse during the cloning process (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 12 (1991), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mouse DNA fingerprints were obtained by HaeIII digestion of genomic DNA and ingel hybridization with the (GATA)4 oligonucleotide probe. In order to obtain locusspecific probes that hybridize with only one fragment of the (GATA)4 DNA fingerprint, a genomic library of size-selected inserts was constructed using a system of direct subcloning from the phage clones. During the cloning procedure, the phage as well as the plasmid insert DNAs changed primarily within their repetitive DNA but also within adjacent nonrepetitive sequences, as was demonstrated for several clones by in-gel hybridization with the (GATA)4 probe as well as by sequence analysis. Isolated subclones varied within their (GATA)n repeats, resulting in different insert lengths. Several “metastable” as well as stable (GATA)4-positive subclones could be isolated. Also, vector sequences were affected by alterations during the cloning process. These phenomena are discussed within the context of possible mechanisms for cloning artifacts.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150120210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligonucleotide fingerprinting with (CAC)5: Nonradioactive in-gel hybridization and isolation of individual hypervariable loci (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 12 (1991), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first topic to be treated in this paper is the nonradioactive DNA fingerprinting by means of in-gel hybridization with digoxigenated (CAC)5. Besides the fact that timeconsuming Southern blotting can be avoided, the dried agarose is an excellent matrix to produce background-free nonradioactive DNA fingerprints. There is no tendency of either the oligonucleotide probe or the antibody towards unspecific binding to the dried agarose. Prehybridization and blocking steps are therefore superfluous. Furthermore, we will discuss what effect the degree of crosslinking of the antibodyenzyme conjugates has. The second topic concerns the isolation and characterization of locus-specific probes from a human (CAC)5 fingerprint. The isolation and characterization of one variable probe, by screening complete genomic libraries, is described and discussed. This probe is compared to a hypervariable single-copy probe, isolated from a size-enriched genomic library. The sequence of the repeat flanking locus-specific probe is presented and a semi-specific, adaptor-mediated polymerase chain reaction was designed to amplify (CAC)n/(GTG)n flanking sequences.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150120208
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