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  • 1
    Keywords: Energy development -- Congresses. ; Renewable energy sources -- Congresses. ; Environmental protection -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (625 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781483135830
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Energy, Resources and Environment -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- CONFERENCE COMMITTEES -- INVITED AND CONTRIBUTED AUTHORS -- PREFACE -- PART I: KEYNOTE ADDRESS -- CHAPTER 1. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF ENERGY, RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT -- PART II: PLENARY LECTURES -- CHAPTER 2. RENEWABLE FUELS FOR THE FUTURE -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CARBON DIOXIDE PROBLEM: RESULT OF INCREASED FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION -- HYDROCARBONS FROM PLANTS AND TREES -- EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS -- OTHER HYDROCARBON-PRODUCING PLANTS -- GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR HYDROCARBONS -- ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. STRATEGIES IN FOSSIL FUEL TECHNOLOGY: MULTIPLE OPTIONS FOR UNPREDICTED FUTURES -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- PREMISES -- THE ENERGY FUTURE -- FRONTIER PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION -- ENERGY CONSERVATION AND SUBSTITUTION -- RESIDUUM CONVERSION -- SYNTHETIC FUELS -- TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND SYNFUELS -- ISSUES FOR SYNFUELS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- CHAPTER 4. AN OVERVIEW OF ENERGY ALTERNATIVES AND RELATED RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT ISSUES IN THE UNITED STATES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. WATER AND OTHER NATURAL ENERGY -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- GLOBAL PROJECTIONS -- USER REQUIREMENTS -- WATER TREATMENT AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6. ENERGY TRANSITION IN THE UNITED STATES -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- RECENT HISTORY -- SHORT TERM RELATION BETWEEN ENERGY AND THE ECONOMY -- LONGER-TERM ENERGY TRENDS -- FUTURE ENERGY TRENDS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PART Ill: CHEMICAL FUELS -- CHAPTER 7. AQUATIC BIOMASS AS A SOURCE OF FUELS AND CHEMICALS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION. , REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8. BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION OF LIGHT ENERGY INTO METHANE -- INTRODUCTION -- PREVIOUS RESEARCH -- APPROACH -- PILOT PLANT -- OPERATIONS -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. ENERGY FROM BIOMASS -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOMASS -- WORLD ENERGY USE -- DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- BIOMASS ATTRIBUTES -- BIOMASS PROJECTS -- VEGETABLE OILS -- HYDROCARBON PLANTS -- BIOGAS -- PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10. OILSEEDS AS ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR LIGHTING, COOKING, AND ENGINES -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- WORLD OILSEEDS OF POTENTIAL VALUE -- THE CHINESE TALLOW TREE -- OILSEED FUELCAKES FOR COOKING OR HEATING -- SEED OILS FOR LIGHTING -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SEED OILS AS DIESEL FUEL -- PROCESSING OF OILSEEDS FOR FUEL IN RURAL AREAS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 11. SHAPE SELECTIVE CATALYST FOR SYNTHESIS OF MOTOR FUEL -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- STABILITY OF ZSM-5 CATALYSTS -- COMPOSITE CATALYST -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- PART IV: COAL ENERGY -- CHAPTER 12. ADVANCED OPTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSTICS, CONTROL AND SAFETY IN FOSSIL ENERGY CONVERSIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OPTICAL STOICHIOMETRIC CONTROL -- OPTICAL NITRIC OXIDE DETECTION -- LOCAL GAS TEMPERATURE BY COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 13. AQCS FOR COAL FIRED PLANTS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC) -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- AQC SYSTEM OBJECTIVES (PRC REGULATIONS) -- FUEL DATA BASE -- STUDY METHODOLOGY -- PARTICULATE COLLECTION -- FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION (FGD) -- SHI HENG AQCS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. THE COAL INDUSTRY AND THE COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF COAL IN CHINA -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION. , I. PRESENT STATUS OF CHINA'S COAL MINING TECHNOLOGY -- II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MINES AND MINE CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY -- III. COAL PROCESSING AND COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION -- CONCLUSION: -- CHAPTER 15. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN ADVANCED PULVERIZED-COAL POWER PLANT -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS -- ADVANCED PLANT DESCRIPTION -- MAJOR EQUIPMENT SUBSYSTEMS -- PLANT OPERATION -- TECHNICAL COMPARISONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 16. ENGINEERING AND COSTING COAL SLURRY PIPELINE FOR ELECTRIC UTILITIES AND PORT DELIVERY -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- ENGINEERING OF SLURRY PIPELINES -- COSTS OF CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION -- APPLICATIONS -- COSTING IN RELATION TO INVESTMENT -- DISCUSSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17. HEATING AND BURNING CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE COAL-WATER SLURRY DROPLET USED AS A NEW FORM OF FUEL -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 18. HIGH SPEED THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIAGNOSTICS IN COMBUSTION -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- I. THE NEED FOR HIGH SPEED THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMBUSTION DIAGNOSTICS -- II. TEMPERATURE DIAGNOSTICS -- III. COMBUSTION TOMOGRAPHY -- IV. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 19. THE PROSPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF NEW TECHNIQUES IN THE UTILIZATION OF COAL AND OIL SHALE IN CHINA -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- 1. POLICY -- 2. FUEL OIL FROM COAL AND OIL SHALE -- 3 . MOTOR FUEL FROM COAL -- 4. GASIFICATION OF COAL -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 20. TECHNICAL ADVANCES IN COAL UTILIZATION -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGE -- COAL QUALITY -- ADVANCED PULVERIZED COAL TECHNOLOGY -- FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART V: ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS. , CHAPTER 21. ADVANCED OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOR OF A 300 MVA SUPERCONDUCTING GENERATOR -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- TECHNOLOGICAL OVERVIEW -- 300 MVA SUPERCONDUCTING GENERATOR DESIGN -- OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 22. CAPITAL REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS ON ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM EXPANSION IN CHINA TOWARD YEAR 2000 -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PRESENT STATE OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM IN CHINA -- ECONOMIC GROWTH -- ELECTRIC ENERGY, TOTAL ENERGY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RELATIONSHIP (E/GDP AND ELEC/E AND ELEC/GDP) -- SCENARIOS FOR ELECTRICITY GROWTH -- TOTAL ELECTRIC SYSTEM CAPACITY IN THE YEAR 2000 -- TOTAL ELECTRIC SYSTEM CAPACITY ADDITION -- NUCLEAR POWER IN THE EXPANSION PATH -- GENERATING CAPACITY ADDITION COMPOSITION -- UNIT SIZES OF COAL-FIRED THERMAL PLANT -- BASIS FOR COST ESTIMATE -- COAL-FIRED THERMAL PLANT UNIT COST -- HYDROELECTRIC PLANT UNIT COST -- NUCLEAR PLANT UNIT COST -- TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION UNIT COST -- COAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM CAPITAL COST -- RELATED COSTS NOT ESTIMATED -- COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 23. END USE OF SMALL-SCALE ENERGY SYSTEMS IN RURAL AREAS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- MATCHING TECHNOLOGY TO NEED -- OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL HYDROPOWER -- LOAD PLANNING FOR SMALL-SCALE POWER SYSTEMS -- LOAD MANAGEMENT WITH MULTIPLE-USE ENERGY SYSTEMS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 24. GAS-COOLED NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY AND PROCESS STEAM -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- HTGR DESIGN AND EXPERIENCE -- APPLICATION OF HTGR's FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY AND PROCESS STEAM -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 25. INTERCONNECTION OF POWER SYSTEMS IN CHINA -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- GROWTH OF INTERCONNECTED GRIDS -- BENEFITS OP INTERCONNECTIONS. , PROSPECT OF FUTURE DEVELOPMENT -- KEY PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS -- PART VI: ENERGY CONSERVATION -- CHAPTER 26. ANALYSIS OF WASTE ENERGY RECOVERY FOR A TYPICAL FOOD PROCESSING PLANT -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- ENERGY MANAGEMENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 27. APPROACH OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOWN GAS IN CHINA -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- CHAPTER 28. COMBINED ELECTRIC AMD HEAT GENERATION AT COAL-FIRED PLANTS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- DISTRICT HEATING TURBINE ARRANGEMENTS -- TURBINE DESIGN FEATURES -- COST ESTIMATES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 29. COAL-OIL-MIXTURE AND ITS USE IN INDUSTRIAL OIL FIRED BOILERS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. PROBLEMS TO BE CONSIDERED DURING CONVERSION OF OILFIRED BOILERS TO COAL FIRING -- II. THE POSSIBILITY OF USING SOM IN CHINESE INDUSTRIAL OIL FIRED BOILERS -- III. THE PREPARATION, TRANSPORTATION AND COMBUSTION OF COM -- IV. RESULTS OF BURNING COM IN CHINESE INDUSTRIAL OIL FIRED BOILERS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 30. DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF SOLAR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT PLANTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE NO-STORAGE SYSTEM -- III. SYSTEM WITH DAY-NIGHT STORAGE -- IV. SOLVED EXAMPLE: COMPARISON OF ONE-PASS AND CONVENTIONAL DESIGNS -- References -- Nomenclature -- CHAPTER 31. ENERGY CONSERVATION IN ALTERNATIVE URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OPERATING ENERGY -- CONSTRUCTION ENERGY -- MAINTENANCE ENERGY -- TYPICAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE VALUES -- LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS -- COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSES -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 32. ENERGY CONSERVATION IN SWEDISH BUILDINGS -- ABSTRACT -- KEYWORDS -- SWEDEN'S ENERGY SITUATION -- SWEDEN'S CLIMATE -- ENERGY CONSERVATION IN NEW BUILDINGS -- ENERGY CONSERVATION IN EXISTING BUILDINGS. , GOVERNMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN ORDER TO SAVE ENERGY.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A semiempirical model is presented that correlates the broadening of the absorption edge with both transitions below the energy gap and with transitions by the Kane band model. This model correctly fits both the absorption and luminescence spectra of narrow-gap (Hg,Cd)Te samples that have been grown by the traveling heater method as well as by molecular-beam epitaxy. The accuracy of the band-gap determination is enhanced by this model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6272-6274 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper reports measurements of the Faraday rotation in Gd-doped germanate IR glasses in magnetic fields up to 10 kG at various light wavelengths and sample temperatures. The Faraday rotation shows an expected increase with decreasing wavelength, and an unexpected oscillation with increasing doping concentration. In addition, the magnetic susceptibilities of the glasses were measured at various magnetic fields and temperatures. The results show a paramagnetism and a low-temperature ferromagnetic interaction in the material. The experimental results cannot fit the single ion theoretical model. It is suggested that the formation of isolated ferrimagnetic clusters exhibiting superparamagnetic behavior causes the oscillation of the Faraday rotation. Consideration must be given to the ingredients and the technological process in order to avoid the formation of this cluster structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5278-5281 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The measurement of c-axis resistance in La2−xSrxCuO4 at different temperatures for fields at any orientation shows that the observed dissipation is not dominated by any Lorentz-force-dependent mechanism. To explain the experimental findings, a phenomenological model is developed for c-axis resistance as a function of temperature T, field B, and angle θ between B and ab plane. Excellent agreement between calculated and experimental curves in a wide transition region (5 decades) gives a strong support to the present approach. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7541-7544 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analytical solution of the light-induced decay of the photorefractive gratings from the charge transport equations with shallow and deep traps is presented. It is predicted that the light-induced decay curve is biexponential, and a superposition of the shallow- and deep-trap decays in the special case is suggested. The prediction is verified in the light-induced photorefractive grating erasure experiments. The erasing intensity dependence of photoconductivity of the BaTiO3 sample is also presented. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1706-1710 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The c-axis magnetoresistivity as a function of temperature T and field H for fields parallel to the c axis is experimentally investigated for single-crystalline (La1−xSrx)2CuO4 (x=0.068). It is argued that the observed Lorentz force free magnetoresistive phenomena cannot be accounted for by previously considered mechanisms. By contrast, they can be explained by the extended Josephson coupling model, which takes into account both effective thermal energy and anisotropy. Based on this extended model, it is shown that all the magnetoresistivity curves obtained in H//I//c at various constant temperatures could be nicely scaled onto a single curve without any adjustable parameter in a wide transition region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3306-3308 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Semi-insulating epitaxial garnet films of p-type Ca2+Ge4:YIG can be excited to a high conduction state (HCS) under the effects of light and electric field. To clarify the mechanism of the HCS, epitaxial films of Ca2+:YIG, Ge4+:YIG, Ca or Ge excess Ca2+Ge4+:YIG have been investigated. dc I-V characteristics were measured in electric fields up to 105 V/cm, with and without light. Thermopower and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) were measured between 140 and 300 K. At low electric field the conduction is ohmic. As the electric field is increased a square-law dependence is observed and at a critical field, on the order of 105 V/cm and whose value is sensitive to the frequency and intensity of the light, a negative resistance state is formed in Ca:YIG and CaGe:YIG (both p- and n-type) films, and in this region the sample suddenly transforms to the HCS. A very slow transformation to the HCS can also be observed at lower electric fields, on the order of 104 V/cm, by keeping the electric field constant and illuminating the sample with light on the order of 10 mW/cm2 intensity. Thermopower and DLTS data indicate that electrons located in compensated acceptor states are removed in the HCS. The presence of a sufficient number of compensated acceptors and oxygen vacancies serving as repulsive traps is a necessary condition for the formation of the HCS. The transition to this HCS is then proposed to be a process where electrons are transferred to the repulsive traps located below the conduction-band mobility edge. This trapping process lowers the Fermi level toward the valence band.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3552-3554 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of light and electric field on the electrical transport properties of p-type CaGe:YIG epitaxial films, having 0.1 at. f.u. excess Ca2+, were investigated from 30 to 340 K by measurements of dc conductivity, space-charge-limited current, and thermally stimulated current decay. The room-temperature conductivity of the films is of the order of 10−6 mho/cm, the mobility of the holes is 0.5 cm2/V s, and the density of charge carriers is 1012/cm3. The low-temperature conductivity of the films can be increased by six orders of magnitude under the effect of light (∼25 mW/cm2) and electric field (≤104 V/cm) at temperatures below 140 K. This photo- and electric-field-excited high conductivity state can be destroyed by thermal excitation at higher temperatures. It is assumed that below 200 K the holes are localized at Ca2+-Fe4+ centers which constitute an impurity band. Electrons excited from the valence band are trapped under the influence of the field at centers, formed probably by oxygen vacancies. The holes left in the valence band contribute to the high conductivity at low temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2468-2470 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new method is reported to measure the position and concentration of trap levels in semi-insulating materials where the regular deep level transient spectroscopy method is not applicable. In the proposed method, a transient space charge limited current (TSCLC) associated with the trap levels is measured using a capacitance balanced square wave voltage source, a voltage limiter-amplifier and a double box car averager. The TSCLC method is demonstrated on a p-type Y2.01Ca0.99Ge0.91Fe4.09O12 magnetic garnet sample ρ300=107 Ω cm. The trap level is located at 0.36 eV above the valence band edge and the concentration of the trapped holes is found to be 1013–1015 cm−3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 923-923 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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