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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-03-17
    Description: Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 844: Sustainable Strategies for Transportation Development in Emerging Cities in China: A Simulation Approach Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su10030844 Authors: Liyin Shen Lei Du Xining Yang Xiaoyun Du Jinhuan Wang Jianli Hao With the rapid development of emerging cities in China, policy makers are faced with the challenges involved in devising strategies for providing transportation systems to keep pace with development. These challenges are associated with the interactive effects among a number of sophisticated factors involved in transportation systems. This paper presents a system dynamics simulation approach to analyze and select transportation development strategies in order to achieve good sustainability performance once they are implemented. The simulation approach consists of three modules: a socio-economic module, a demand module, and a supply module. The approach is validated through applying empirical data collected from the Shenzhen statistical bulletins. Three types of transport development strategies are selected for the city and examined for their applicability and effects through simulation. The strategies are helpful for reducing decision-making mistakes and achieving the goal of sustainable urban development in most emerging cities.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: The Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Sailing Competitions (referred to as OPSC hereafter) were held at Qingdao during August 9–23 and September 7–13 2008, respectively. The Qingdao Meteorological Bureau was the official provider of weather support for the OPSC. Three-dimensional real-time information with high spatial-temporal resolution was obtained by the comprehensive observation system during the OPSC, which included weather radars, wind profile radars, buoys, automated weather stations, and other conventional observations. The refined forecasting system based on MM5, WRF, and statistical modules provided point-specific hourly wind forecasts for the five venues, and the severe weather monitoring and forecasting system was used in short-term forecasts and nowcasts for rainstorms, gales, and hailstones. Moreover, latest forecasting products, warnings, and weather information were communicated conveniently and timely through a synthetic, speedy, and digitalized network system to different customers. Daily weather information briefings, notice boards, websites, and community short messages were the main approaches for regatta organizers, athletes, and coaches to receive weather service products at 8:00 PM of each day and whenever new updates were available. During the period of OPSC, almost one hundred people were involved in the weather service with innovative service concept, and the weather support was found to be successful and helpful to the OPSC.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-08-11
    Description: Previously, we synthesized a non-viral vector containing disulfide bond by polymerization of agamatine (AGM) and N, N'-cystaminebisacrylamide (CBA). In this study, we investigated the transfection efficiency of disulfide bond (-SS-) containing AGM-CBA polymer in gene delivery into NIH/3T3 cells, and examined the factors affecting its transfection efficiency by comparing with polyethylenimine (PEI). In addition, experiments were carried out to determine the mechanisms of cell entry pathways and intracellular behavior of AGM-CBA/pDNA polyplexes. The transfection efficiency of AGM-CBA/pDNA with different weight ratios and different amounts of pDNA were measured and the pathways mediated transfection processes were studied by using various endocytosis inhibitors. To determine the intracellular behavior of AGM-CBA/pDNA polyplexes, the transfection efficiencies of AGM-CBA/pDNA and PEI/pDNA polyplexes with different combination structures were determined by using reporter gene and fake plasmid DNA. The transfection efficiency of AGM-CBA/pDNA polyplexes was correlated with its weight ratio of AGM-CBA and pDNA, and the amount of pDNA. Both AGM-CBA/pDNA and PEI/pDNA polyplexes entry into cell by clathrin and caveolae mediated endocytic pathways. However, AGM-CBA/pDNA showed different intracellular behavior in NIH/3T3 cells compared to PEI/pDNA polyplexes. It was hypothesized that disulfide bond in AGM-CBA could be an important factor contributing to its intracellular behavior and better transfection efficiency. Overall, AGM-CBA demonstrated better transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than PEI in NIH/3T3 cells as a gene delivery vector. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-06-03
    Description: The collapsibility test in field may have huge error with computed results [1-4] . The writer gave a compare between single-line and double-line method and then compared with the field’s result. The writer’s purpose is to reduce the error of measured value to computed value and propose a way to decrease the error through consider the matric suction’s influence to unsaturated soil in using finite element analysis, field test was completed to verify the reasonability of this method and get some regulate of development of collapse deformation and supply some calculation basis of engineering design and forecast in emergency situation.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-09-02
    Description: Oxidative stress is an important part of host innate immune response to foreign pathogens. However, the impact of vitamin C on oxidative stress and inflammation remains unclear in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to determine the effect of vitamin C on oxidative stress and inflammation. CAP patients were enrolled. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, superoxide dismutases (SOD) activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6 were analyzed in CAP patients and LPS-stimulated macrophages cells. MH-S cells were transfected with RFP-LC3 plasmids. Autophagy was measured in LPS-stimulated macrophages cells. Severe CAP patients showed significantly increased ROS, DNA damage, TNF-α, and IL-6. SOD was significantly decreased in severe CAP. Vitamin C significantly decreased ROS, DNA damage, TNF-α, and IL-6. Vitamin C inhibited LPS-induced ROS, DNA damage, TNF-α, IL-6, and p38 in macrophages cells. Vitamin C inhibited autophagy in LPS-induced macrophages cells. These findings indicated that severe CAP exhibited significantly increased oxidative stress, DNA damage, and proinflammatory mediator. Vitamin C mitigated oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediator suggesting a possible mechanism for vitamin C in severe CAP.
    Print ISSN: 0962-9351
    Electronic ISSN: 1466-1861
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Background: Mutations of WNT3 , WNT5A , WNT9B , and WNT11 genes are associated with orofacial birth defects, including nonsyndromic CLP (Cleft lip with cleft palate) in humans. However, the source of Wnt ligands and their signaling effects on the orofacial morphogenetic process remain elusive. Results: Using Foxg1-Cre to impair Wnt secretion through the inactivation of Gpr177/mWls, we investigate the relevant regulation of Wnt production and signaling in nasal-facial development. Ectodermal ablation of Gpr177 leads to severe facial deformities resulting from dramatically reduced cell proliferation and increased cell death due to a combined loss of WNT, FGF and BMP signaling in the developing facial prominence. In the invaginating nasal pit, the Gpr177 disruption also causes a detrimental effect on migration of the olfactory epithelial cells into the mesenchymal region. The blockage of Wnt secretion apparently impairs the olfactory epithelial cells through modulation of JNK signaling. Conclusions : Our study thus suggests the head ectoderm, including the facial ectoderm and the neuroectoderm, as the source of canonical as well as non-canonical Wnt ligands during early development of the nasal-facial prominence. Both β-catenin dependent and independent signaling pathways are required for proper development of these morphogenetic processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0177
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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