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  • 1
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    Dephosphorylation of Visual Pigment in Rods and Cones [Cell Biology] (2015)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: On absorption of light by vertebrate visual pigment, the chromophore, 11-cis retinal, is isomerized to all-trans retinal to activate the phototransduction cascade, which leads to a hyperpolarizing light response. Activated pigment is inactivated by phosphorylation on the protein moiety, opsin. Isomerized all-trans retinal is ultimately released from opsin, and the pigment is regenerated by binding to 11-cis retinal. In this pigment regeneration cycle, the phosphates incorporated should be removed in order that the pigment regains the capability of activating the phototransduction cascade. However, it is not clear yet how pigment dephosphorylation takes place in the regeneration cycle. First in this study, we tried to estimate the dephosphorylation activity in living carp rods and cones and found that the activity, which is present mainly in the cytoplasm in both rods and cones, is three times higher in cones than in rods. Second, we examined at which stage the dephosphorylation takes place; before or after the release of all-trans retinal, during pigment regeneration, or after pigment regeneration. For this purpose we prepared three types of phosphorylated substrates in purified carp rod and cone membranes: phosphorylated bleaching intermediate, phosphorylated opsin, and phosphorylated and regenerated pigment. We also examined the effect of pigment regeneration on the dephosphorylation. The results showed that the dephosphorylation does not show substrate preference in the regeneration cycle and suggested that the dephosphorylation takes place constantly. The results also suggest that, under bright light, some of the regenerated visual pigment remains phosphorylated to reduce the light sensitivity in cones.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hard x-ray interaction with materials : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 493-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Based on the analyses of microprocesses involved in the interaction of synchrotron radiation with materials, we have developed a simulation method to calculate heat energy distribution when the synchrotron radiation goes through insert devices (filters, mirrors, or monochromators). The absorbed x-ray energy may be taken away from materials when some scattered photon and photoelectron escape from material. We have calculated the percentage of the absorbed energy taken away by the escaped photons and photoelectrons for C, Be, and Al, these elements being very important as filter materials, and for Si which is significant as a monochromator material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143803
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction characteristics of Na and Na2 negative ions from a small multicusp ion source : Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Ion Sources (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2447-2449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Negative sodium ions and negative dimer ions of sodium are extracted from a sodium plasma. The extraction characteristics of Na− and Na2− from a low power discharge (about 1 W) through a single aperture (φ1.5 mm) are described. Both extracted currents of Na− and Na2− increase with the temperature of the heat shield inside the discharge chamber. The current ratio of Na− to Na2− is almost constant independent of discharge voltage. By increasing the discharge power, the value of the bias voltage of the plasma electrode that gives the optimum extraction currents of Na− and Na2− increases. The extracted current of Na2− is lower than that of Na− by two orders of magnitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142906
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further tests on liquid-nitrogen-cooled, thin silicon-crystal monochromators using a focused wiggler synchrotron beam : The 9th National conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3350-3350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A newly designed, cryogenically cooled, thin Si crystal monochromator was tested at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) beamline BL3. It exhibited less than 1 arcsec of thermal strain up to a maximum incident power of 186 W and average power density of 521 W/mm2. Data were collected for the thin (0.7 mm) portion of the crystal and for the thick ((approximately-greater-than)25 mm) part. Rocking curves were measured as a function of incident power. With a low power beam, the Si(333) rocking curve at 30 keV for the thin and thick sections was 〈1 arcsec FWHM at room temperature. The rocking curve of the thin section increased to 2.0 arcsec when cooled to 78 K, while the thick part was unaffected by the reduction in temperature. The rocking curve of the thin section broadened to 2.5 arcsec FWHM and that of the thick section broadened to 1.7 arcsec at the highest incident power. The proven range of performance for this monochromator has been extended to the power density, but not the absorbed power, expected for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) undulator A in closed-gap operation (first harmonic at 3.27 keV) at a storage-ring current of 300 mA. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147264
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of a liquid-nitrogen-cooled, thin silicon crystal monochromator on a high-power, focused wiggler synchrotron beam (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3494-3499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An experiment was performed on beamline BL 3 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility to test the diffraction performance of a novel internally liquid-nitrogen-cooled, thin silicon crystal monochromator exposed to high heat loads. The beam parameters were chosen to closely match the conditions expected, in terms of absorbed power and beam profile, at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) for the closed gap undulator at 7 GeV and 100 mA. The cooled crystal was oriented at 11.4° in the symmetric Bragg geometry to diffract 30 keV x-rays from the Si(333) planes. The source was a 44-pole wiggler with the insertion device gap set at 25.0 mm corresponding to a deflection parameter, K, of 4.2. A tunable toroidal mirror was used to focus the wiggler beam onto the crystal. Double-crystal rocking curves were measured at several power values using different attenuators. The maximum total power absorbed by the 0.6-mm-thick crystal was 154 W at a storage ring current of 136 mA. The peak power density at normal incidence was about 420 W/mm2 corresponding to an absorbed peak power density on the crystal face of 83 W/mm2. No thermal-induced broadening of the rocking curve was observed above the average measured mounting/fabrication strain of 2 arcsec. Rocking curves were also measured as a function of coolant flow rate and pressure. No systematic broadening occurred due to flow-induced vibrations up to 6 l/min. It has been demonstrated that thin silicon crystals directly cooled with liquid nitrogen can handle high power density synchrotron beams comparable to what is expected for the APS undulators with no appreciable thermal deformation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145460
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of an elliptic multipole wiggler beamline for high-energy inelastic scattering at the SPring-8 : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1774-1776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An elliptic multipole wiggler beamline will be constructed for inelastic scattering (Compton scattering) experiments at the SPring-8. This beamline will provide monochromatic x rays with linear or elliptic polarization in the energy range of 100–300 keV. It will extend the application of the Compton scattering experiments to the study of materials science. An outline of the beamline is given. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145846
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat-energy deposition in x-ray interaction with materials application to Si and Be (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 2288-2297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Based on the analysis of the micro-processes due to the interaction of synchrotron radiation with materials, we have developed a theoretical method to calculate the heat energy deposited when synchrotron radiation passes through insert devices (filters, mirrors or monochromators). The micro-processes are photoionization, Compton scattering, Rayleigh scattering, electron elastic and inelastic collisions, electron Bremsstrahlung scattering and the Auger process. The energy of x rays is converted into the electrons' kinetic energy and atomic excitation energy by photoionization and Compton scattering. High-energy photoelectrons slow down mainly through inelastic collisions with the atoms in materials. The energy deposition in a material is simulated according to the x-ray atom interaction cross sections and photoelectron-atom collision cross sections. The results of a calculation for x rays traversing Si and Be plates of 1.0 cm in thickness are presented and discussed as one typical example concerning important materials in optical devices. The dependence of the energy deposition on the angle of incidence of the x rays is also discussed. Both the utility and validity of the present simulation method are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360146
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of electron density with combined technique of laser blowoff and laser-induced fluorescence (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1036-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method combining the techniques of laser blowoff and laser-induced fluorescence has been developed in order to measure the local electron density below 1013 cm−3. Characteristics of a Li0 beam produced by laser blowoff of a thin Li film are investigated using beam–plasma interactions and laser-induced fluorescence. Such a beam has a near-Maxwellian velocity distribution with a temperature around 4.5 eV and a density of the order of 1010 cm−3 at a distance of about 1 m from the film target. The feasibility of measuring electron density with this Li0 beam and a dye laser is demonstrated with an ECR plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138260
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutral beam probe spectroscopy for the measurement of local plasma density fluctuations (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A neutral Li beam probing combined with a spectroscopic technique to measure local electron-density fluctuations is experimentally demonstrated in an ECR test plasma. The density fluctuations of up to 180 kHz are excited and controlled by applying periodic bursts of sinusoidal waves to a grid. The electron-density fluctuation levels thus obtained are found to agree well with those measured with a Langmuir probe. It is also suggested that this method can be applied to plasmas whose densities are in a wide range of 1010–1013 cm−3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138959
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosensitized Degradations of Polystyrene and Poly-α-methylstyrene in Solution by Benzophenone (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 10 (1977), S. 717-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60057a049
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