Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- 1: INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 What is liquefaction? -- 1.2 What measures can be taken to protect against liquefaction? -- References -- 2: CAUSE OF LIQUEFACTION AND ASSOCIATED EFFECTS ON STRUCTURES -- 2.1 Cause of liquefaction -- 2.1.1 Behavior of sand undergoing cyclic undrained loading -- 2.1.2 Definition of liquefaction and its significance in practice -- 2.1.3 On seepage in liquefied ground -- 2.2 Causes of liquefaction-induced damage -- 2.2.1 Classification of damage -- 2.2.2 Mechanism of ground distortion. -- 2.2.3 Permanent displacement of liquefied slopes -- 2.2.4 Classification of damage to facilities -- 2.3 Concluding remarks -- References -- 3: PREDICTION OF LIQUEFACTION -- 3.1 Methods of prediction -- 3.1.1 Factors affecting the liquefaction phenomenon and its prediction -- 3.1.2 Objectives and methods of liquefaction prediction -- 3.1.3 Criteria of choosing the method -- 3.1.4 Total stress analysis and effective stress analysis -- 3.1.5 Consideration of seepage of pore water -- 3.2 In-situ and laboratory tests for liquefaction evaluations -- 3.2.1 Information required for liquefaction evaluations -- 3.2.2 Laboratory tests and their interpretation -- 3.2.3 In-situ tests and their interpretation -- 3.2.4 Other field tests for liquefaction evaluations -- 3.2.5 Soil properties other than liquefaction strength -- 3.3 Simplified procedures -- 3.3.1 Rough estimation of liquefaction susceptibility using geographical information -- 3.3.2 Simplified estimation of liquefaction susceptibility based on field tests -- 3.3.3 Simplified procedure using factor of safety against liquefaction -- 3.3.4 Simplified procedure for estimating pore pressure generation -- 3.3.5 Simplified procedure for estimating ground settlement -- 3.4 Detailed prediction. , 3.4.1 Stress-strain relations -- 3.4.2 Identification of liquefaction occurrence by total stress analysis -- 3.4.3 Effective stress analysis -- 3.4.4 Prediction of permanent displacement -- 3.4.5 Prediction of soil-structure system behavior -- 3.4.6 Prediction of excess pore water dissipation -- 3.5 Practical aspects of liquefaction treatment addressed in design codes and standards -- 3.5.1 Liquefaction assessment methods in codes and standards -- 3.5.2 Specifications for highway bridges -- 3.5.3 Technical standards for port and harbour facilities in Japan -- 3.5.4 Recommendations for design of building foundations -- 3.5.5 Design standards for national railway structures -- 3.5.6 Recommended practice for LNG in-ground storage -- 3.5.7 Notification specifying particulars of technical standards concerning control of hazardous materials -- 3.5.8 Technical guidelines for aseismic design of nuclear power plants -- 3.5.9 Specifications for construction of tailings dams and commentary -- References -- 4: MEASURES AGAINST LIQUEFACTION -- 4.1 Strategy for remediation of liquefiable ground -- 4.1.1 Review of the conventional strategy for remediation -- 4.1.2 Failure modes due to liquefaction -- 4.1.3 Generalized approach to remediation of liquefiable ground -- 4.1.4 Remedial measures against liquefaction for network systems -- 4.2 General description of remedial measures against liquefaction -- 4.2.1 Principle and classification of remedial measures -- 4.2.2 Remedial methods in Japanese practice -- 4.3 Selection of remedial measures against liquefaction -- 4.3.1 Survey of current practice of remedial measures against liquefaction in Japan -- 4.3.2 Features of remedial measures -- 4.3.3 Precautions in selecting remedial measures -- 4.4 Designing the extent of soil improvement area against liquefaction -- 4.4.1 Basics of designing the soil improvement area. , 4.4.2 Soil improvement area for light-weight and small-scale structures such as wooden houses -- 4.4.3 Design guidelines for oil tanks -- 4.4.4 General procedure for designing the soil improvement area -- 4.4.5 Improvement area to prevent uplift of buried pipes -- References -- 5: DENSIFICATION METHODS -- 5.1 Outline -- 5.1.1 Principle -- 5.1.2 Extent of application and methods -- 5.1.3 Tendency and points to be considered for densification methods -- 5.2 Soil investigations and tests -- 5.2.1 Soil investigations and tests for design -- 5.2.2 Investigations for work control -- 5.2.3 Investigations to confirm the effects of improvement -- 5.3 Sand compaction pile method -- 5.3.1 Design -- 5.3.2 Installation -- 5.3.3 Examples of applications -- 5.4 Vibro-rod method -- 5.4.1 Design -- 5.4.2 Installation -- 5.4.3 Examples of applications -- 5.5 Vibroflotation method -- 5.5.1 Design method -- 5.5.2 Procedure for soil improvement -- 5.5.3 Example of design and actual work -- 5.6 Dynamic compaction -- 5.6.1 Design method -- 5.6.2 Work performance and its control -- 5.6.3 Examples of work -- 5.7 Vibratory tamper method -- 5.7.1 Design -- 5.7.2 Tamping work -- 5.7.3 Example of application -- References -- 6: SOIL SOLIDIFICATION AND REPLACEMENT METHODS -- 6.1 Outline of the methods -- 6.1.1 Principle of improvement -- 6.1.2 Types and applicable ranges of the methods -- 6.2 Investigation and testing -- 6.2.1 Solidification method -- 6.2.2 Replacement method -- 6.3 Deep mixing method of soil stabilization -- 6.3.1 Design -- 6.3.2 Construction work -- 6.3.3 Examples of design and practice -- 6.4 Premixing method -- 6.4.1 Design -- 6.4.2 Construction work -- 6.4.3 Examples of field experiments -- 6.5 Replacement method -- 6.5.1 Design -- 6.5.2 Work method -- 6.5.3 Example of design and practice -- References -- 7: LOWERING OF THE GROUNDWATER TABLE. , 7.1 General description of the method -- 7.2 Necessary tests for the method -- 7.2.1 Investigations and tests for design -- 7.2.2 Verification of remedial effects -- 7.3 Deep wells -- 7.3.1 Design and installation of deep wells -- 7.3.2 Design and installation of cut-off wall -- 7.3.3 Examples of design and installation from actual cases -- 7.4 Drainage trench -- 7.4.1 Concept of the method -- 7.4.2 Design -- 7.4.3 Example of actual case -- References -- 8: DISSIPATION OF PORE WATER PRESSURE -- 8.1 General description of the method -- 8.1.1 Mechanism of the remedial work -- 8.1.2 Gravel drain method and artificial drain method -- 8.1.3 Precautions in using the method -- 8.2 Investigation and test -- 8.2.1 Parameters affecting the dissipation of pore water pressure -- 8.2.2 Clogging of drains with fines by seepage from surrounding ground -- 8.2.3 Examples of in-situ liquefaction tests -- 8.3 Gravel drain method -- 8.3.1 Design -- 8.3.2 Installation methods for column-like gravel drains -- 8.3.3 Examples of design and installation from actual cases -- 8.4 Artificial drain method -- 8.4.1 Design method -- 8.4.2 Method of installation -- 8.4.3 Examples of design and installation -- 8.5 Other methods in combination with draining function -- 8.5.1 Combination of ground compaction and gravel or plastic drains -- 8.5.2 Attachment of draining device to steel piles or sheet piles -- References -- 9: SHEAR STRAIN RESTRAINT METHOD -- 9.1 General description -- 9.1.1 Principles -- 9.1.2 Specific types -- 9.1.3 Features -- 9.1.4 Actual practice -- 9.2 Tests -- 9.2.1 Tests for design -- 9.2.2 Tests on actual implementation -- 9.2.3 Tests to evaluate the remedial effect -- 9.3 Diaphragm wall work -- 9.3.1 Design -- 9.3.2 Construction -- 9.3.3 Case study from the design stage -- Refererences -- 10: REMEDIAL MEASURES BY STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING. , 10.1 General remarks on methods -- 10.1.1 Strengthening methods -- 10.1.2 Design procedure -- 10.1.3 Simple methods for evaluating ground deformation and changes in soil properties due to liquefaction -- 10.2 Measures for pile foundation -- 10.2.1 Background of the design method -- 10.2.2 Design methods -- 10.2.3 Design and practice -- 10.3 Revetments -- 10.3.1 Design concepts -- 10.3.2 Design methods -- 10.3.3 Practice -- 10.4 Spead foundation -- 10.4.1 Design concept -- 10.4.2 Strenthening of continuous footing foundations -- 10.4.3 Underlay of top-shaped concrete blocks -- 10.4.4 Reinforcing the ground with geogrids -- 10.5 Remedial measures for underground structures -- 10.5.1 Fundamental concepts of design -- 10.5.2 Design methods and their applications -- 10.6 Reinforcement of embankments with sheet-piles -- 10.6.1 Design concept -- 10.6.2 Design method -- 10.6.3 Example of design and application -- References -- APPENDIX 1 KOBE EARTHQUAKE -- APPENDIX 2 NEW DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES -- SUBJECT INDEX.