Note: Intro -- Ecohydraulics -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1 Ecohydraulics: An Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The emergence of ecohydraulics -- 1.3 Scope and organisation of this book -- References -- I Methods and Approaches -- 2 Incorporating Hydrodynamics into Ecohydraulics: The Role of Turbulence in the Swimming Performance and Habitat Selection of Stream-Dwelling Fish -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 'Standard' ecohydraulic variables -- 2.2 Turbulence: theory, structure and measurement -- 2.2.1 Statistical descriptions of turbulence -- 2.2.2 Coherent flow structures -- 2.2.3 Measuring turbulence in the field -- 2.3 The role of turbulence in the swimming performance and habitat selection of river-dwelling fish -- 2.3.1 Swimming performance -- 2.3.2 Habitat selection -- 2.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Hydraulic Modelling Approaches for Ecohydraulic Studies: 3D, 2D, 1D and Non-Numerical Models -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Types of hydraulic modelling -- 3.3 Elements of numerical hydrodynamic modelling -- 3.3.1 Mathematical model -- 3.3.2 Discretization methods -- 3.3.3 Mesh -- 3.3.4 Mesh quality -- 3.3.5 Boundary conditions -- 3.3.6 Initial conditions -- 3.3.7 Model parameters -- 3.3.8 Model parameterization -- 3.3.9 Validation -- 3.3.10 Scaling and averaging -- 3.4 3D modelling -- 3.4.1 Model setup -- 3.5 2D models -- 3.5.1 Model setup -- 3.6 1D models -- 3.6.1 1D model setup -- 3.7 River floodplain interaction -- 3.8 Non-numerical hydraulic modelling -- 3.9 Case studies -- 3.9.1 1D modelling of the Kootenai River, Idaho, USA -- 3.9.2 Pseudo-2D modelling of the Biobío River, Chile -- 3.9.3 2D modelling of the Saane River, Switzerland -- 3.9.4 3D modelling of salmon redds -- 3.10 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 4 The Habitat Modelling System CASiMiR: A Multivariate Fuzzy Approach and its Applications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Background -- 4.1.2 Physical habitat modelling in general -- 4.1.3 Fuzzy logic in ecohydraulic modelling -- 4.2 Theoretical basics of the habitat simulation tool CASiMiR -- 4.2.1 Background and development -- 4.2.2 Functional principle of CASiMiR -- 4.2.3 Calibration of the fuzzy approach -- 4.2.4 Advantages and limitations of the fuzzy approach -- 4.3 Comparison of habitat modelling using the multivariate fuzzy approach and univariate preference functions -- 4.3.1 Biota-physical relations: fuzzy approach versus preference functions -- 4.3.2 Case study: River Aare, Switzerland - simulation of spawning habitats for grayling with the fuzzy approach and preference functions -- 4.4 Simulation of spawning habitats considering morphodynamic processes -- 4.4.1 Ecological relevance of morphodynamic processes -- 4.4.2 Concept of implementing morphodynamic processes in CASiMiR -- 4.4.3 Case study: River Mur, Austria - morphodynamic processes and gravel-spawning fish habitat -- 4.5 Habitat modelling on meso- to basin-scale -- 4.5.1 Requirements of habitat assessment on larger scales -- 4.5.2 Concept of evaluation of mesohabitats using MesoCASiMiR -- 4.5.3 Case study: River Neckar, Germany - habitat fragmentation and connectivity -- 4.6 Discussion and conclusions -- References -- 5 Data-Driven Fuzzy Habitat Models: Impact of Performance Criteria and Opportunities for Ecohydraulics -- 5.1 Challenges for species distribution models -- 5.1.1 Knowledge-based versus data-driven models -- 5.1.2 Ecological boundaries -- 5.1.3 Interdependence of variables -- 5.1.4 The knowledge acquisition bottleneck -- 5.1.5 Data-driven knowledge acquisition -- 5.2 Fuzzy modelling -- 5.2.1 Fuzzy rule-based modelling -- 5.2.2 Fuzzy rule base optimisation. , 5.3 Case study -- 5.3.1 Study area and collected data -- 5.3.2 Fuzzy rule-based modelling and rule base training -- 5.3.3 Model application -- 5.3.4 Results -- 5.3.5 Discussion -- References -- 6 Applications of the MesoHABSIM Simulation Model -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Model summary -- 6.2.1 Identifying biological targets and indicators -- 6.2.2 Establishing habitat suitability criteria -- 6.2.3 Mapping and evaluation of instream habitat -- 6.2.4 Habitat survey -- 6.2.5 Upscaling -- 6.2.6 Adjusting biophysical templates to reflect reference habitat -- 6.2.7 Reference flow time series -- 6.2.8 Habitat time series analysis -- 6.2.9 Scenario comparison -- 6.2.10 Interpretation and application -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 The Role of Geomorphology and Hydrology in Determining Spatial-Scale Units for Ecohydraulics -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Continuum and dis-continuum views of stream networks -- 7.3 Evolution of the geomorphic scale hierarchy -- 7.3.1 Origins -- 7.3.2 Adoption, adaptation and application -- 7.3.3 Difficulties -- 7.4 Defining scale units -- 7.4.1 Meso scale -- 7.4.2 Reach scale -- 7.4.3 Segment scale -- 7.5 Advancing the scale hierarchy: future research priorities -- References -- 8 Developing Realistic Fish Passage Criteria: An Ecohydraulics Approach -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Developing fish passage criteria -- 8.2.1 The traditional approach -- 8.2.2 Criticisms of the traditional approach -- 8.2.3 The ecohydraulic approach -- 8.3 Conclusions -- 8.4 Future challenges -- References -- II Species-Habitat Interactions -- 9 Habitat Use and Selection by Brown Trout in Streams -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Observation methods and bias -- 9.3 Habitat -- 9.4 Abiotic and biotic factors -- 9.5 Key hydraulic factors -- 9.6 Habitat selection -- 9.7 Temporal variability: light and flows -- 9.7.1 Case study: varying water flows and habitat use. , 9.8 Energetic and biomass models -- 9.9 The hyporheic zone -- 9.10 Spatial and temporal complexity of redd microhabitat -- 9.11 Summary and ways forward -- References -- 10 Salmonid Habitats in Riverine Winter Conditions with Ice -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Ice processes in running waters -- 10.3 Salmonids in winter ice conditions -- 10.3.1 Acclimatization in winter -- 10.3.2 Winter habitat criteria -- 10.4 Summary and ways forward -- References -- 11 Stream Habitat Associations of the Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog ( Rana boylii): The Importance of Habitat Heterogeneity -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Methods for quantifying stream habitat -- 11.2.1 Study area -- 11.2.2 Rana boylii sampling -- 11.2.3 Habitat associations -- 11.2.4 Statistical analyses -- 11.3 Observed relationships between R. boylii and stream habitat -- 11.3.1 Mesohabitat associations in Shady Creek -- 11.3.2 Mesohabitat associations on other study creeks -- 11.3.3 Reach-scale habitat associations -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.4.1 Mesohabitat associations -- 11.4.2 Reach-scale associations -- 11.4.3 Habitat heterogeneity -- References -- 12 Testing the Relationship Between Surface Flow Types and Benthic Macroinvertebrates -- 12.1 Background -- 12.2 Ecohydraulic relationships between habitat and biota -- 12.3 Case study -- 12.3.1 Site details and method -- 12.3.2 Results -- 12.4 Discussion -- 12.5 Wider implications -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- 13 The Impact of Altered Flow Regime on Periphyton -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Modified flow regimes -- 13.3 The impact of altered flow regime on periphyton -- 13.3.1 Species composition and abundance -- 13.3.2 Biomass -- 13.3.3 Periphyton proliferations -- 13.4 Case studies from Slovenia -- 13.4.1 The Sava Dolinka River -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References. , 14 Ecohydraulics and Aquatic Macrophytes: Assessing the Relationship in River Floodplains -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Macrophytes -- 14.3 Life forms of macrophytes in running waters -- 14.4 Application of ecohydraulics for management: a case study on the Danube River and its floodplain -- 14.4.1 Study site -- 14.4.2 Sampling -- 14.4.3 Data analysis -- 14.4.4 Ecohydraulic habitat-macrophyte relationship -- 14.4.5 Water depth - an ecohydraulic requirement for macrophytes -- 14.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Multi-Scale Macrophyte Responses to Hydrodynamic Stress and Disturbances: Adaptive Strategies and Biodiversity Patterns -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Individual and patch-scale response to hydrodynamic stress and disturbances -- 15.2.1 Response traits to hydrodynamic forces -- 15.2.2 Indirect effects of flow on macrophytes -- 15.3 Community responses to temporary peaks of flow and current velocity -- 15.3.1 Highly disturbed communities -- 15.3.2 Intermediately disturbed communities -- 15.4 Macrophyte abundance, biodiversity and succession -- 15.4.1 Lotic ecosystems -- 15.4.2 Flood-disturbed ecosystems -- 15.5 Conclusion -- References -- III Management Application Case Studies -- 16 Application of Real-Time Management for Environmental Flow Regimes -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Real-time management -- 16.3 The setting -- 16.4 The context and challenges with present water allocation strategies -- 16.5 The issues concerning the implementation of environmental flow regimes -- 16.6 Underlying science for environmental flows in the Klamath River -- 16.6.1 Hydrology-based flow regimes -- 16.6.2 Habitat time series-based flow regimes -- 16.6.3 Flow-and-habitat-based integration for recommended flow regimes -- 16.6.4 Peer review of Hardy et al. (2006a). , 16.7 The Water Resource Integrated Modelling System for The Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Biodiversity and Democracy -- 1 Practical Reasoning about Nature -- 2 Biological Diversity: An Environmental Condition -- 3 Utility Maximization -- 4 Economic Efficiency -- 5 Consensus among Stakeholders -- 6 The Case for the Priority of Biodiversity Conservation -- 7 The Costs of Biodiversity Conservation -- 8 Constitutional and Statutory Implications -- Notes -- References -- Index.

Note: Hydroecology and Ecohydrology: Past, Present and Future -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1: Ecohydrology and Hydroecology: An Introduction -- 1.1 Wider Context -- 1.2 Hydroecology and Ecohydrology: A Brief Retrospective -- 1.3 A Focus -- 1.4 This Book -- 1.5 Final Opening Remarks -- References -- PART I: PROCESSES AND RESPONSES -- 2: How Trees Influence the Hydrological Cycle in Forest Ecosystems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Key Processes and Concepts in Evapotranspiration - Their Historical Development and Current Status -- 2.2.1 The SPAC -- 2.2.2 Transpiration -- 2.2.3 Liquid Water Transport through Trees and the Role of Hydraulic Architecture -- 2.2.4 Water Uptake by Roots -- 2.3 Evapotranspiration in Forest Ecosystems -- 2.3.1 Evaporation and Transpiration -- 2.3.2 Transpiration from the Understory -- 2.4 Applying Concepts: Changes in Hydrologic Processes through the Life Cycle of Forests -- 2.4.1 A Summary of Age-related Changes in Forest Composition, Structure, and Function -- 2.4.2 Impacts of Tree Size on Stomatal Conductance and Whole-tree Water Use -- 2.4.3 Age-related Change in Transpiration, Interception and Water Storage on the Forest Stand Level -- 2.4.4 Impacts of Change in Species Composition on Transpiration in Aging Forests -- 2.4.5 Implications for Predictive Models -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3: The Ecohydrology of Invertebrates Associated with Exposed Riverine Sediments -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 ERS Habitats -- 3.3 Invertebrate Conservation and ERS Habitats -- 3.4 Flow Disturbance in ERS Habitats -- 3.5 The Importance of Flow Disturbance for ERS Invertebrate Ecology -- 3.5.1 Principle (i): Physical Variability and ERS Invertebrates -- 3.5.2 Principle (ii): Life History Patterns and Function Ecology -- 3.5.3 Principle (iii): Lateral and Longitudinal Connectivity and Population Viability. , 3.6 How Much Disturbance is Needed to Sustain ERS Diversity? -- 3.7 Threats to ERS Invertebrate Biodiversity -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- 4: Aquatic-Terrestrial Subsidies Along River Corridors -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 What Controls Aquatic-Terrestrial Flows? -- 4.2.1 Subsidies from Land to Water -- 4.2.2 Subsidies from Water to Land -- 4.3 Aquatic-Terrestrial Flows Along River Corridors -- 4.3.1 Aquatic-Terrestrial Subsidies in Forested Headwater Streams -- 4.3.2 Aquatic-Terrestrial Subsidies in a Braided River Reach -- 4.3.3 Aquatic-Terrestrial Subsidies in Temperate Lowland Rivers -- 4.4 Influence of Human Impacts on Aquatic-Terrestrial Subsidies -- 4.4.1 Riparian Deforestation -- 4.4.2 River Channelization and Regulation -- 4.5 Conclusions -- 4.6 Future Research -- References -- 5: Flow-generated Disturbances and Ecological Responses: Floods and Droughts -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Definition of Disturbance -- 5.3 Disturbances and Responses -- 5.4 Disturbance and Refugia -- 5.5 Floods -- 5.5.1 The Disturbance -- 5.6 Droughts -- 5.6.1 The Disturbance -- 5.7 The Responses to Floods -- 5.7.1 Constrained Streams -- 5.7.2 Floodplain Rivers -- 5.8 Responses to Drought -- 5.8.1 Impacts -- 5.8.2 Recovery from Drought -- 5.9 Summary -- 5.10 Hydrological Disturbances and Future Challenges -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6: Surface Water-Groundwater Exchange Processes and Fluvial Ecosystem Function: An Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Scale Dependency -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Fluvial Ecosystems: The Hydrogeomorphic Template and Ecosystem Function -- 6.2.1 Fluvial Ecosystem Function: Biogeochemical Dynamics -- 6.2.2 Fluvial Ecosystem Structure: Biotic Communities -- 6.3 Flow Variability and SGW Water Movements -- 6.3.1 In Space -- 6.3.2 In Time -- 6.3.3 An Analysis of Flow Variability Dependency with Basin Area. , 6.3.4 Linkage Between SGW and Flow Dynamics -- 6.4 Implications of Flow Variability for SGW Exchange and Fluvial Ecosystem Structure and Function -- 6.4.1 Material Delivery to and within Fluvial Ecosystems -- 6.4.2 Modulation of Nutrient and Organic Matter Delivery by the Riparian Interface Zone -- 6.4.3 In-stream Biogeochemical Function and Flow Variability -- 6.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7: Ecohydrology and Climate Change -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Ecohydrological Controls on Streamflow -- 7.3 Simulation Studies of Ecohydrological Effects of Climate Change -- 7.4 Experimental Studies of Ecohydrological Effects of Climate Change -- 7.5 Differing Perspectives of Hydrologists and Ecologists -- 7.6 Future Research Needs -- 7.7 Postscript -- References -- PART II: METHODS AND CRITIQUES -- 8: The Value of Long-term (Palaeo) Records in Hydroecology and Ecohydrology -- 8.1 River-Floodplain-Lake Systems and the Limits of Monitoring -- 8.2 Key Concepts -- 8.3 Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology: Proxies and Transfer Functions -- 8.3.1 Dendrohydrology -- 8.3.2 Coleoptera (Beetles) -- 8.3.3 Chironomids (Non-biting Midges) -- 8.3.4 Cladocera (Water Fleas) -- 8.3.5 Diatoms -- 8.3.6 Pollen and Spores -- 8.4 Palaeoecohydrology, Restoration and Enhancement -- 8.5 Case study I. The River Culm in South-west England -- 8.6 Case Study II. The Changing Status of Danish Lakes -- 8.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9: Field Methods for Monitoring Surface/Groundwater Hydroecological Interactions in Aquatic Ecosystems -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Research Contexts: Questions, Scales, Accuracy and Precision -- 9.3 Direct Hydrological Methods for Assessing SGW Interactions -- 9.3.1 Seepage Meters -- 9.3.2 Mini-piezometers and Groundwater Mapping -- 9.3.3 Synoptic Surveys of Surface Discharge or Lake Levels. , 9.4 Indirect Hydrological Methods for Assessing SGW Interactions -- 9.4.1 Water Temperature and Thermal Patterns -- 9.4.2 Water Chemistry and Chemical Signatures -- 9.4.3 Dyes and Added Tracers -- 9.5 Future Technical Challenges and Opportunities -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10: Examining the Influence of Flow Regime Variability on Instream Ecology -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Requirement for Hydroecological Data -- 10.3 Bibliographic Analysis -- 10.4 Importance of Scale -- 10.5 River Flow Data: Collection and Analysis -- 10.6 Ecological Data: Collection and Analysis -- 10.7 Integration of Hydrological and Ecological Data for Hydroecological Analysis -- 10.8 River Flow Variability and Ecological Response: Future Directions and Challenges -- References -- 11: High Resolution Remote Sensing for Understanding Instream Habitat -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Scale, the Grain of Instream Habitat and the Need for Remotely Sensed Data -- 11.3 Depth and Morphology -- 11.3.1 Image Processing -- 11.3.2 Photogrammetry -- 11.3.3 Laser Scanning -- 11.4 Substrate -- 11.5 Discrete Grain Identification -- 11.5.1 Principles -- 11.5.2 Example Application: Exposed Gravel Grain-size Distributions -- 11.6 Ensemble Grain Size Parameter Determination -- 11.6.1 Principles -- 11.7 Example Application: Substrate Mapping in a Salmon River -- 11.8 Future Developments -- References -- 12: A Mathematical and Conceptual Framework for Ecohydraulics -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Ecohydraulics: Where Do the Ideas Come From? -- 12.3 Reference Frameworks of Engineering and Ecology -- 12.3.1 Eulerian Reference Framework -- 12.3.2 Lagrangian Reference Framework -- 12.3.3 Agent Reference Framework -- 12.4 Concepts for Ecohydraulics -- 12.5 Two Examples of Ecohydraulics -- 12.5.1 Example 1: Semi-quantitatively Describing Habitat of Drift Feeding Salmonids. , 12.5.2 Example 2: Quantitatively Describing Fish Swim Path Selection in Complex Flow Fields -- 12.6 Discussion -- 12.6.1 An Opportunity for Engineers and Ecologists -- 12.6.2 Challenges and Limits for Ecohydraulics -- 12.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13: Hydroecology: the Scientific Basis for Water Resources Management and River Regulation -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 A Scientific Basis for Water Resources Management -- 13.2.1 Principles for Sustainable River Regulation -- 13.3 Hydroecology in Water Management -- 13.3.1 Water Allocation to Protect Riverine Systems -- 13.3.2 Defining Ecologically Acceptable Flow Regimes -- 13.3.3 Determining Environmental Flows -- 13.4 Applications to Water Resource Problems -- 13.4.1 Communication and Policy Development -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References -- PART III CASE STUDIES -- 14: The Role of Floodplains in Mitigating Diffuse Nitrate Pollution -- 14.1 Context -- 14.2 Nitrogen Removal by Riparian Buffers: Results of a Pan-European Experiment -- 14.2.1 The NICOLAS Project -- 14.2.2 Climatic and Hydrological Controls on the Efficiency of Riparian Buffers -- 14.2.3 The Effect of the Riparian Vegetation Type on Nitrate Removal -- 14.2.4 Nitrogen Saturation Effect -- 14.2.5 N2O Emissions -- 14.3 Landscape Perspectives -- 14.3.1 Upslope-Riparian Zone-Channel Linkage -- 14.3.2 Catchment-scale Considerations -- 14.3.3 N Loading -- 14.4 Future Perspectives -- References -- 15: Flow-Vegetation Interactions in Restored Floodplain Environments -- 15.1 The Need for Ecohydraulics -- 15.2 The Basic Hydraulics of Flow-Vegetation Interaction -- 15.2.1 Roughness Properties of Vegetation -- 15.2.2 Nonlinearities -- 15.3 Drag Coefficients and Vegetation -- 15.4 Velocity, Velocity Profiles and Vegetation Character -- 15.5 Dimensionality: Flow Velocity in Compound Channels with Vegetation. , 15.6 Some Empirical Illustrations of Flow-Vegetation Interactions.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- A foundation -- Research development and impacts -- Recognition -- References and bibliography -- Chapter 1: An introduction to river science: research and applications -- Introduction -- The development of the discipline of river science -- The domain of river science -- Chapters in this volume and book structure -- References -- Part 1: Fundamental principles of river science -- Chapter 2: An ecosystem framework for river science and management -- Introduction -- A brief history of models that have contributed to our understanding river ecosystems -- Underlying concepts for the use of frameworks in River Science -- The use and abuse of an interdisciplinary approach in the research and management of riverine landscapes -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Fine sediment transport and management -- Background and context -- Key concepts -- Tools for meeting new information needs -- Management and policy -- Case studies -- Summary and the way forward -- References -- Chapter 4: Linking the past to the present: the use of palaeoenvironmental data for establishing reference conditions for the Water Framework Directive: -- Introduction -- The fluvial landscape: floodplains, palaeochannels and connectivity -- Floodplains as archives of change -- Lake sediment-based archives -- The evidence base for establishing reference conditions -- Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5: Achieving the aquatic ecosystem perspective: integrating interdisciplinary approaches to describe instream ecohydraulic processes -- Introduction -- Empiricism, classification and the scale principle -- Causality principle at small and large scales -- Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Chapter 6: Measuring spatial patterns in floodplains: A step towards understanding the complexity of floodplain ecosystems -- Introduction -- A history of spatial pattern in floodplain research -- A new approach for measuring spatial pattern in floodplains -- Synopsis and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7: Trees, wood and river morphodynamics: results from 15 years research on the Tagliamento River, Italy -- Introduction -- The Tagliamento River -- Growth of riparian trees in disturbed riparian environments -- Flow disturbance and vegetation cover -- Vegetation and fine sediment retention -- Changing the controlling factors -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8: The Milner and Petts () conceptual model of community structure within glacier-fed rivers: 20 years on -- Introduction -- Overview of the conceptual model -- AASER and the validation of the original model -- Further relevance of the model -- Glacial Index and ARISE classification system -- Summary and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 9: Remote sensing: mapping natural and managed river corridors from the micro to the network scale -- Introduction -- A chronology of the science of remote sensing of river systems -- State of the science -- Relevance of remote sensing to river science -- Case study - application -- Key messages -- References -- Chapter 10: Monitoring the resilience of rivers as social-ecological systems: a paradigm shift for river assessment in the twenty-first century -- Introduction -- A brief overview of contemporary river assessment and monitoring -- Monitoring and assessing rivers as social-ecological systems -- A framework for monitoring and assessing rivers as social-ecological systems -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 2: Contemporary river science. , Chapter 11: Faunal response to fine sediment deposition in urban rivers -- Introduction -- Study site -- Method -- Data analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12: Characterising riverine landscapes -- history, application and future challenges -- Introduction -- A chronology of geomorphic based river system characterisation -- Geomorphic-based river characterisation case studies -- River classifications: future challenges -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 13: Thermal diversity and the phenology of floodplain aquatic biota -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14: Microthermal variability in a Welsh upland stream -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 15: River resource management and the effects of changing landscapes and climate -- Introduction -- Multi-decadal shifts in weather pattern -- Response of river hydrographs to oceanic multi-decadal shifts in weather pattern -- The building-block approach -- Creating hydrographic information in ungauged catchments -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 16: River restoration: from site-specific rehabilitation design towards ecosystem-based approaches -- Introduction -- Delivery challenges: processes and practice -- Science supporting practice -- Looking forward: future challenges to the evidence base and monitoring outcomes -- References -- Chapter 17: Ecosystem services of streams and rivers -- Introduction -- River ecosystems -- Spatial considerations of ecosystem services in rivers -- Tradeoffs and benefits in riverine ecosystem services management -- Management: minimum standards for critical service flows -- Summary and future prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Chapter 18: Managing rivers in a changing climate -- Introduction -- Testing climate models for hydrological applications -- A typology of climate model use in water-management decisions -- Case studies -- Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 19: Conclusion: The discipline of river science -- River science of the future -- Making it happen -- References -- Index -- End User License Agreement.