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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotyping of epidermal dendritic cells allows the differentiation between extrinsic and intrinsic forms of atopic dermatitis (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a clinically characteristic, chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin. IgE-mediated uptake and antigen focusing of environmental allergens by dendritic cells (DCs) is assumed to be a central immunopathogenetic event. A so-called intrinsic type of AD (IAD) has been delineated from the more common extrinsic AD (EAD) by normal serum IgE levels, negative RAST tests and negative immediate-type skin reactions towards environmental allergens. The recently characterized human autoantigen Hom S 1 has been proposed to play a part in the pathogenesis of IAD. Objectives To compare clinical and laboratory data between patients with IAD and EAD, and to investigate potential differences in the inflammatory micromilieu of the epidermal compartment in IAD and EAD lesions. Methods Epidermal DC phenotyping, a recently validated technique based on the three-colour flow cytometric analysis of Langerhans cells and the so-called inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells from epidermal single-cell suspensions, was performed on samples from 69 patients with AD (seven with IAD and 62 with EAD) and 94 controls. Results Patients with EAD tended to have an earlier onset of disease but similar disease duration and family history of atopic diseases. Quantitative analysis of CD36 expression on DCs as a marker of inflammation, as well as the percentage of inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells in the CD1a+ epidermal DC pool, indicated a comparable disease activity in IAD and EAD. EAD was characterized by a significantly higher FcεRI expression on the CD1a+ epidermal DCs than IAD. Using the FcεRI/FcγRII expression ratio as a disease marker for AD, values for IAD fell below the diagnostic cut-off level of 1·5 for this ratio. Conclusions While IAD is clinically similar to EAD, the inflammatory microenvironment in this condition seems different from classical EAD and can be distinguished by phenotyping of epidermal DCs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03887.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic ulcerative stomatitis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 137 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS) has recently been described as a new disease entity characterized by chronic ulceration of oral mucosa which responds to treatment with hydroxychloroquine. It has a particular type of stratified epithelium-specific, antinuclear autoantibody as an immunological marker. Twelve cases have been reported in the literature. We present a 40-year-old woman with an 11-year history of chronic oral ulcerations. Other dermatological diseases, including oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris and cicatricial pemphigoid, as well as bullous lupus erythematosus, were excluded. The clinical diagnosis of CUS was confirmed on the ground of the immunological and ultrastructural findings. The lesions initially responded to high doses of systemic corticosteroids but relapsed promptly after dose reduction. Dapsone was ineffective. Hydroxychloroquine, given at a dosage of 200–400 mg/day, led to a complete and longlasting remission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.18171898.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acne conglobata and Klinefelter's syndrome (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 136 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Acne conglobata has been reported to be more common and more severe in XYY chromosomal aberration than in normal subjects, whereas only exceptional cases have been observed in the more common XXY Klinefelter karyotype. We report a 17-year-old male with both Klinefelter's syndrome and acne conglobata, spreading from face to upper arms, trunk, buttocks and upper legs. The serum level of testosterone was normal, whereas luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were elevated. Skin lesions responded well to a combined therapeutic regimen including oral isotretinoin and prednisolone. An overview of severe acne in relation to chromosomal abnormalities is given and diagnostic and therapeutic options discussed.This patient was demonstrated at the'XV. Fortbildungswoche für Dermatologie und Venerologie. 21-26 July 1996. at Munich. Germany.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1214.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is made using evaluated clinical criteria. Management of AD must consider the symptomatic variability of the disease. It is based on hydrating topical treatment, and avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Anti-inflammatory treatment is used for exacerbation management. Topical corticosteroids remain the first choice. Systemic anti-inflammatory treatment should be kept to a minimum, but may be necessary in rare refractory cases. The new topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus) expand the available choices of topical anti-inflammatory treatment. Microbial colonization and superinfection (e.g. with Staphylococcus aureus, Malassezia furfur) can have a role in disease exacerbation and can justify the use of antimicrobials in addition to the anti-inflammatory treatment. Evidence for the efficacy of systemic antihistamines in relieving pruritus is still insufficient, but some patients seem to benefit. Adjuvant therapy includes ultraviolet (UV) irradiation preferably of UVA wavelength; UVB 311 nm has also been used successfully. Dietary recommendations should be specific and only given in diagnosed individual food allergy. Stress-induced exacerbations may make psychosomatic counselling recommendable. ‘Eczema school’ educational programmes have proved to be helpful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01249.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atopic dermatitis: pathogenetic mechanisms (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 25 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with increasing incidence and socio-economical relevance. The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds and different diagnostic criteria sets have been established. The majority of all AD cases is associated with a sensitization to environmental allergens and increased serum IgE (so-called extrinsic AD), but about 10-30% of all cases suffer from the so-called intrinsic AD, which obviously lacks any link to the classical atopic diathesis. The genetic background of AD has been investigated by target gene approach by different groups with mostly contradictory results for each of the genes under study. An imbalance in the spectrum of Th1/Th2 responses, a disturbed prostaglandin metabolism, intrinsic defects in keratinocyte function, delayed eosinophil apoptosis, IgE-mediated facilitated antigen presentation by epidermal dendritic cells, a two phase model of the inflammatory response and staphylococcal superantigen effects are among the currently studied pathogenetical aspects of extrinsic AD, which are reviewed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00699.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear atrophoderma of Moulin: a disease which follows Blaschko's lines (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 135 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Linear atrophoderma of Moulin is a distinctive disease pallern characterized by hyperpigmented atrophoderma and described originally in 1992. It follows the lines of Blaschko, and occurs without preceding inflammation, subsequent induration or scleroderma. The lesions usually develop during childhood or adolescence, and the prognosis is good. The differential diagnoses include linear dermatoses, e.g. linear sclerodermit, epidermal naevi, inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus. lichen striatus, Blaschkitis acuta, reticulate hyperpigmentation of Iijima and linear lupus erythematosus. Diagnosis is made clinically and histologically. We report a 22-year-oId woman with a 17 year history of linear atrophoderma which invoived the right arm and trunk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01160.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atopic dermatitis: from the genes to skin lesions (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00115.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans affecting all four limbs in an 11-year-old girl (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 147 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Borrelia burgdorferi is a major cause of morbidity in wooded area in western Europe and the eastern seaboard of the U.S.A. Diagnosis of late stage infection and associated disorders may be difficult and often requires an array of different diagnostic procedures. Here we report an 11-year-old girl with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans affecting all four limbs and parts of the trunk. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical appearance, serological and histopathological findings, and the lesional detection of B. burgdorferi-specific gene segments by polymerase chain reaction. This very unusual, severe case illustrates that despite being a late manifestation of tick-borne B.burgdorferi infection, usually occurring in adults, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans may already appear at a young age and may be characterized by extensive skin involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04792.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urticaria haemorrhagica profunda (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 136 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Substantial subcutaneous haemorrhage without preceding trauma or underlying bleeding disorder is a rare occurrence in dermatological practice, essentially restricted to early childhood (acute haemorrhagic oedema of childhood). We report an adolescent with a morphologically unique bleeding manifestation. A 16-year-old presented with two episodes of massive subcutaneous haemorrhage in association with urticarial vasculitis. There was no history of preceding trauma or haemorrhagic disorder. Haemorrhage was observed in areas typically affected by angioedema, such as the periorbital, perioral, lingual, sublingual and laryngeal areas. History revealed an atopic diathesis with hay fever and examination showed alopecia areata. An antinuclear antibody titre and the presence of lupus anticoagulant indicated transient antiphospholipid antibodies. As urticaria corresponds to urticaria profunda angioedema, we hypothesize a pathophysiological relationship between superficial urticarial vasculitis and the deep variant of urticarial vasculitic disease, leading to the unique morphology present in our patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1153.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet-A radiation induces adhesion molecule expression on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 131 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ultraviolet radiation is capable of inducing numerous skin reactions. Considerable amounts of UVA radiation penetrate the epidermis and reach the microvascular endothelium of the papillary dermis. In order to investigate putative direct effects of UV radiation on endothelial cells, we studied adhesion molecule expression by immunostaining procedures and FACS analysis, following irradiation of normal human skin and cultured human dermal endothelial cells. Enhanced immunostaining for ICAM-1 and E-selectin was detected in biopsies taken after in vivo UVA and UVB irradiation, compared with non-irradiated control skin. On cultured human dermal endothelial cells, however, ICAM-1 and E-selectin were inducible by UVA but not UVB. The induction was dose-dependent, peaking at 20 J/cm2 for both adhesion molecules, and time-dependent, peaking after 6 and 24 h for E-selectin and ICAM-1, respectively. Expression of VCAM-1 and PECAM/EndoCAM/CD31 was unaffected by any UV-radiation modality. The functional integrity of irradiated cells was monitored by an exclusion assay of the fluorescent dye 7-AAD, and by staining for the cytoskeletal proteins actin and vimentin.Our results demonstrate that dermal microvascular endothelial cells are a critical and direct target of UVA, and suggest they may play a pivotal role in UV-induced inflammatory skin conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08516.x
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