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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 546 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 33 (1967), S. 361-361 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 27 (1969), S. 352-363 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) acquired the ability to support the replication of poliovirus. The maximum number of cells producing virus in cultures of lymphocytes coincided with the peak of cellular RNA synthesis induced by PHA stimulation. In cultures infected with a high multiplicity of virus, the PHA-induced DNA synthesis of the lymphocytes was partially inhibited. The inhibition occurred when virus was added up to 3 days after initiation of the PHA-stimulated leukocyte cultures, but not after 3 days. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by poliovirus could also be demonstrated in leukocytes cultivated in the absence of PHA. Pre-incubation of the lymphocytes with poliovirus before stimulation with PHA resulted in enhanced inhibition of DNA synthesis. It is postulated that part of the inhibition of the response of lymphocytes to PHA results from an abortive infection of the cells before new cellular RNA synthesis begins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 23 (1968), S. 148-156 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Organ cultures of nasal mucosa and trachea from mice were inoculated with Sendai virus. About 10 TCID50 were required to cause a demonstrable infection. The optimum temperature of virus growth was 33° C for nasal mucosa and 35° C for trachea. The viras grew a little faster at pH 7.1–7.2 than at pH 6.8–6.9. Variation of oxygen concentration did not affect virus growth. Interferon was demonstrated 2 days after inoculation with virus. No significant difference in virus yield was noted between cultures of organs from male and female mice or from 4-week-old and 12-week-old mice. However, virus production was accelerated in cultures of organs from 3-day-old mice. Serial passage of virus in cultures of nasal mucosa or trachea did not result in tissue adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 30 (1970), S. 31-38 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human lymphocytes from donors immunized with poliovirus vaccine and tetanus toxoid supported the replication of poliovirus type 1 when stimulated with these specific antigensin vitro. The blastogenic response of lymphocytes infected with poliovirus proved to be decreased as measured by partial inhibition of DNA synthesis. The inhibition of DNA synthesis was measured by liquid scintillation and radioautographic methods. The inhibition occured when virus was added up to 4 days after initiation of specific antigenic stimulation. Tuberculin-stimulated lymphocytes from Mantoux positive donors supported the replication of measles virus and poliovirus. The blastogenic response of these infected cells was also inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 126 (1943), S. 385-390 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 8 (1986), S. 26-28 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Drug resistance ; In vitro activity ; Quinolones ; Spectrum of activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The first quinolone compound, nalidixic acid, showed activity against a limited number of Gram-negative micro-organisms. ‘One step’ resistance developed hiin vitro and during treatment. Resistance was not mediated by transfer of R-plasmids, which is a characteristic of all quinolones. Newer quinolones like oxolinic acid, piromidic acid, cinoxacin and pipemidic acid exhibit an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria at lower MIC values. In recent years fluorinated quinolones were introduced like ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin and amifloxacin. These compounds exhibitin vitro a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria at MIC values seventy to four hundred times less than those for nalidixic acid. Thein vitro activity of these compounds has been investigated in a large study of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in general practice (PINISU). No resistance was found. The fluorinated quinolones are very promising antimicrobial agents for a limited number of indications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit einer Einzeldosis von 3 g Fosfomycin Trometamol wurde mit derjenigen einer siebentägigen Behandlung mit zweimal täglich 400 mg Norfloxacin bei erwachsenen Patientinnen mit unkomplizierter Harnwegsinfektion verglichen. Die Zahl der in die Studie einbezogenen Patientinnen (mittleres Alter: 30 Jahre; Symptomatik: Dysurie und Polyurie; Harnbefund: Pyurie, Bakteriurie (≥ 105 KBE/ml Urin) betrug 158. Insgesamt konnten davon 111 klinisch und bakteriologisch ausgewertet werden, von diesen erhielten 61 Fosfomycin Trometamol und 50 Norfloxacin. Die Medikation wurde nach Doppelblindverfahren sieben Tage lang durchgeführt. Ein bis zwei Tage nach Therapieende wurden 55 der 60 mit Fosfomycin Trometamol behandelten Patientinnen (92%) und 48 der 50 mit Norfloxacin behandelten Patientinnen (96%) als klinisch geheilt beurteilt. 37 Patientinnen, bei denen zu Therapiebeginn keine signifikante Bakteriurie nachgewiesen werden konnte, waren in beiden Therapiegruppen zu 90% von ihren Beschwerden befreit. Zwei bis drei Tage nach Verabreichung der Fosfomycin Trometamol Einzeldosis war in 60 der 61 Fälle (98%) der Erreger nicht mehr nachzuweisen. Die Eradikation des initial identifizierten Erregers wurde ein bis zwei Tage nach der siebentägigen Norfloxacin-Behandlung für 48 der 50 Patientinnen (96%) gesichert. Die Harnwegsinfektion war auch sechs Wochen nach Therapiebeginn bei 39/60 Patientinnen (65%) der Fosfomycin Trometamol-Gruppe und 32/49 Patientinnen (65%) der Norfloxacin-Gruppe beseitigt. In beiden Gruppen kam es bei etwa 25% der Frauen zu einer Reinfektion. Rezidive traten hingegen in der Beobachtungsphase von vier Wochen nach Therapieende nur selten auf bei 5/49 Patientinnen der Norfloxacin-Gruppe (10%) und 3/55 der Fosfomycin Trometamol-Gruppe (6%). Über Nebenwirkungen, die „wahrscheinlich“ im Zusammenhang mit der Therapie standen, klagten 10/79 Patientinnen der Fosfomycin Trometamol-Gruppe (13%) und 2/79 Patientinnen der Norfloxacin-Gruppe (3%). In 3/79 Fällen der Fosfomycin Trometamol Gruppe (3%) wurde am Therapietag (Einzeldosis) selbst von Nebenwirkungen berichtet. In der Therapie unkomplizierter Harnwegsinfektionen bei erwachsenen Frauen ist eine Einzeldosis von 3 g Fosfomycin Trometamol ebenso wirksam wie eine siebentägige Behandlung mit zweimal täglich 400 mg Norfloxacin.
    Notes: Summary The efficacy and tolerability of fosfomycin trometamol in a single dose of 3 g was compared with norfloxacin 400 mg b.i.d. for seven days in the treatment of adult female patients with uncomplicated urinary infections. 158 female patients with a mean age of 30 years who presented symptoms of dysuria and frequency with documented pyuria and bacteriuria on urinalysis (≥ 105 cfu/ml of urine) were initially included in the study. The total number of clinically and bacteriologically evaluable patients was 111, of which 61 received fosfomycin trometamol and 50 norfloxacin. One to two days after the double blind medication schedule for seven days, 55 of 60 patients (92%) in the fosfomycin trometamol group and 48 of 50 patients (96%) in the norfloxacin group were clinically cured. 37 patients without significant bacteriuria showed a clinical cure rate of over 90% in both therapy groups. Two to three days after the single dose treatment with fosfomycin trometamol the initial infecting pathogen was eradicated in 60 of the 61 patients (98%). One to two days after a seven day treatment with norfloxacin 48 of 50 patients (96%) showed an eradication of the initial infecting pathogen. Six weeks after the start of therapy 39/60 patients (65%) and 32/49 (65%) in the fosfomycin trometamol and norfloxacin groups respectively, remained free from urinary infection. The reinfection rate in both treatment groups was approximately 25%. The relapse rate in the post treatment evaluation period of four weeks was relatively low in both therapy groups, 5/49 patients (10%) in the norfloxacin group and 3/55 patients (6%) in the fosfomycin trometamol group, respectively. Adverse effects, which were classified as ‘probably’ drug related, were mentioned by 10/79 of the patients (13%) and by 2/79 of the patients (3%) in the fosfomycin trometamol and norfloxacin groups, respectively. In 3/79 (3%) of the patients in the fosfomycin trometamol group the side effects were reported on the actual day of (single dose) treatment. Fosfomycin trometamol in a single dose of 3 g is as effective as norfloxacin 400 mg b.i.d. for seven days in the treatment of adult female patients with uncomplicated urinary infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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