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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of isokinetic training of the knee extensors on high-intensity exercise performance and skeletal muscle buffering (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 68 (1994), S. 356-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Isokinetic training ; Knee extensors ; High-intensity exercise ; Muscle carnosine ; Muscle buffering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-three subjects isokinetically trained the right and left quadriceps femoris, three times per week for 16 weeks; one group (n=13) trained at an angular velocity of 4.19 rad · s−1 and a second group (n=10), at 1.05 rad · s−1. A control group (n=10) performed no training. Isometric endurance time at 60% quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), mean power output and work done (W) during all-out cycling, and the muscle buffer value (B) and carnosine concentration of biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis, were all assessed before and after training. The two training groups did not differ significantly from each other in their training response to any of these variables (P 〈 0.05). No significant difference in either 60% MVC endurance time or impulse [(endurance time × force) at 60% MVC] was observed for any group after the 16 week period (P 〉 0.05). However, the post-training increase (9%) in W during high-intensity cycling was greater in the training group than in the control group (P=0.04). NeitherB nor carnosine concentration showed any significant change following training (P=0.56 andP=0.37, respectively). It is concluded that 16 weeks of isokinetic training of the knee extensors enables subjects to do more work during high-intensity cycling. Although the precise adaptations responsible for the improved performance have yet to be identified, they are unlikely to include an increase inB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571457
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of isokinetic training of the knee extensors on isometric strength and peak power output during cycling (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 65 (1992), S. 370-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Isokinetic training ; Strength ; Maximum voluntary contraction ; Knee extensors ; Sprint cycle power output
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isokinetic training of right and left quadriceps femoris was undertaken three times per week for 16 weeks. One group of subjects (n=13) trained at an angular velocity of 4.19 rad·s−1 and a second group (n=10) at 1.05 rad·s−1. A control group (n=10) performed no training. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps, and peak pedal velocity (νp,peak) and peak power output (W peak) during all-out cycling (against loads equivalent to 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14% MVC) were assessed before and after training. The two training groups did not differ significantly from each other in their training response to any of the performance variables (P〉0.05). No significant difference in MVC was observed for any group after the 16-week period (P=0.167). The post-training increases in averageW peak (7%) and νp,peak (6%) during the cycle tests were each significantly different from the control group response (P=0.018 andP=0.008, respectively). It is concluded that 16 weeks of isokinetic strength training of the knee extensors is able to significantly improve νp,peak andW peak during sprint cycling, an activity which demands considerable involvement of the trained muscle group but with its own distinct pattern of coordination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00868143
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carnosine and anserine concentrations in the quadriceps femoris muscle of healthy humans (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 64 (1992), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Carnosine ; Anserine ; Skeletal muscle buffering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The content of anserine and carnosine in the lateral portion of the quadriceps femoris muscle of 50 healthy, human subjects has been studied. Anserine was undetectable in all muscle samples examined. Muscle carnosine values for the group conformed to a normal distribution with a mean (SD) value of 20.0 (4.7) mmol · kg−1 of dry muscle mass. The concentration of carnosine was significantly higher in the muscle of male subjects (21.3, 4.2 mmol · kg−1 dry mass) than in females of a similar age and training status (17.5, 4.8 mmol · kg−1 dry mass) (P〈 0.005). The test-retest reliability of measures was determined on a subgroup of 17 subjects. No significant difference in mean carnosine concentration was found between the two trials [21.5 (4.0) and 22.0 (5.2) mmol · kg−1 dry muscle mass; P〉0.05]. The importance of carnosine as a physicochemical buffer within human muscle was examined by calculating its buffering ability over the physiological pH range. From the range of carnosine concentrations observed (7.2–30.7 mmol · kg−1 dry muscle mass), it was estimated that the dipeptide could buffer between 2.4 and 10.1 mmol H+ · kg−1 dry mass over the physiological pH range 7.1–6.5, contributing, on average, approximately 7% to the total muscle buffering. This suggests that in humans, in contrast to many other species, carnosine is of only limited importance in preventing the reduction in pH observed during high intensity exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376439
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstrator posts and the teaching of anatomy: A survey of former anatomy demonstrators at the University of Manchester, England (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 5 (1992), S. 140-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: surgical trainee ; preclinical teacher ; medical course ; lecturer ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Postal questionnaires were sent to anatomy demonstrators who had been in that post at the University of Manchester, England, between 1975 and 1986. Replies received from 83 former staff (faculty) (72% response rate), of whom 79 were medical graduates, indicated that the posts were thought of very highly for learning to teach, for studying for the Primary Examinations for Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (FRCS), and for gaining subsequent employment. The 93% success rate for those who took the Primary FRCS Examination, usually while in the post, is remarkable. The results of the survey and the future for demonstrator posts are discussed in the light of changes in the regulations for the FRCS Examinations, changes in the university environment for biological subjects, and changes in the financial circumstances of both the universities and the National Health Service.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980050208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical mythology? A study of surface markings of the inguinal region (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 4 (1991), S. 216-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: deep inguinal ring ; femoral artery ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The surface markings used by authors for structures in the inguinal region were reviewed and differences noted. In this study of 40 cadaveric limbs the surface markings of both the deep inguinal ring and the femoral artery were found to lie closer to the midinguinal point than to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, which lay lateral to both structures considered. Usually the femoral artery was located lateral to the medial margin of the deep inguinal ring, but occasionally lay medial. In some subjects poor definition of the bony features rendered precise localisation of the positions of the pubic tubercle and anterior superior iliac spine difficult. The origin of the inferior epigastric artery, often used to identify the medial margin of the deep inguinal ring, was subject to variation. A single surface marking, namely the midinguinal point, is suggested for both the femoral artery and the deep inguinal ring on grounds of accuracy, simplicity, and ease of identification.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980040307
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