Anmerkung: Intro -- Volume I -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Scope of the book -- 1.2 Reasons why this synthesis is important -- 1.3 Estuary definition and types -- 1.4 Chapter descriptions -- 1.5 Conclusions -- 1.6 References -- Chapter 2 Fish Assemblages and Functional Groups -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Zoogeography, salinity and estuarine fish assemblages -- 2.3 Estuarine typology and fish assemblages -- 2.4 Fish guilds and functional groups -- 2.4.1 Estuarine Use Functional Group (EUFG) -- 2.4.2 Feeding Mode Functional Group (FMFG) -- 2.4.3 Reproductive Mode Functional Group (RMFG) -- 2.5 Do functional groups drive fish assemblage structure? -- 2.6 Fish functional groups and guild analyses -- 2.7 Acknowledgements -- 2.8 References -- Chapter 3 Reproduction, Ontogeny and Recruitment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Scope of the chapter -- 3.2 Estuarine support of reproduction and recruitment -- 3.2.1 Replenishment: modes and patterns -- 3.2.1.1 Modes of reproduction -- 3.2.1.2 Early-lifestages and nurseries -- 3.2.2 Sources of variability in reproductive success and recruitment -- 3.2.2.1 Habitat and water quality -- 3.2.2.2 Hydrography and physics -- 3.2.2.3 Foods of early-lifestages -- 3.2.2.4 Predators -- 3.2.2.5 Weather, climate and estuarine change -- 3.3 Early-life stages and recruitment dynamics -- 3.3.1 Dispersal, transport and retention -- 3.3.1.1 Offshore to estuary transport processes -- 3.3.1.2 Swimming as a transport mechanism -- 3.3.1.3 Near-and within-estuarytransport processes -- 3.3.1.4 Retention: estuarine features and processes -- 3.3.2 Settlement -- 3.3.3 Larval and juvenile production processes -- 3.3.3.1 Larval feeding -- 3.3.4 Larval and juvenile production: growth and mortality -- 3.3.4.1 Rates and variability -- 3.3.4.2 Predation. , 3.3.4.3 Environmental factors -- 3.4 Adults and recruitment -- 3.4.1 Adult stock -- 3.4.1.1 Stock structure, contingents and cohorts -- 3.4.1.2 Maternal effects -- 3.4.2 Scales and patterns of variability in reproductive success -- 3.4.2.1 Recruitment levels and variability -- 3.4.2.2 Adult stock and recruitment -- 3.4.2.3 Predicting and forecasting recruitment -- 3.4.3 Recruitment: an integrated, evolved process -- 3.5 Threats to reproduction and recruitment in estuaries -- 3.5.1 Excessive fishing: depletion of adults and by-catch of juveniles -- 3.5.2 Habitat destruction and degradation -- 3.5.3 Impoundments and flow regulation -- 3.5.4 Power plants -- 3.5.5 Estuary contaminants: water quality degradation -- 3.5.6 Eutrophication -- 3.5.7 Climate change -- 3.5.8 Catastrophic events -- 3.6 Case studies -- 3.6.1 Pleuronectiformes -- 3.6.2 Sciaenidae -- 3.6.3 Anchoa mitchilli (Engraulidae) -- 3.6.4 Brevoortia tyrannus and Brevoortia spp. (Clupeidae) -- 3.6.5 Morone saxatilis (Moronidae) -- 3.6.6 Gadidae and Clupeidae (Baltic Sea) -- 3.6.7 Lateolabrax japonicus (Lateolabracidae) -- 3.6.8 Fundulus heteroclitus (Fundulidae) -- 3.7 Summary and conclusions -- 3.8 Acknowledgements -- 3.9 References -- Chapter 4 Habitat Use and Connectivity -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Habitat diversity -- 4.2.1 Water column habitat -- 4.2.2 Unstructured shallow habitats -- 4.2.3 Structured benthic habitats -- 4.2.3.1 Salt marshes -- 4.2.3.2 Submerged aquatic vegetation -- 4.2.3.3 Mangroves -- 4.2.3.4 Shellfish beds -- 4.2.3.5 Woody debris -- 4.2.3.6 Rocky and gravel bottoms -- 4.3 Geomorphological and hydrological variables -- 4.4 Physico-chemical variables -- 4.5 Dynamics of juvenile habitat use -- 4.5.1 Temperature effects -- 4.5.2 Salinity effects -- 4.5.3 Settlement habitats -- 4.5.4 Connectivity among estuarine habitats -- 4.5.5 Alien species -- 4.6 Adult habitat use. , 4.7 Habitat fidelity by juveniles and adult fishes -- 4.8 Ecological context -- 4.9 Connectivity between estuarine, freshwater and marine ecosystems -- 4.9.1 Migrations into estuaries -- 4.9.2 Migrations out of estuaries -- 4.9.3 Migrations between estuaries -- 4.10 Conclusions -- 4.11 Acknowledgements -- 4.12 References -- Chapter 5 Feeding Ecology and Trophic Dynamics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Fish foraging behaviour and food intake -- 5.2.1 Prey detection -- 5.2.2 Feeding periodicity -- 5.2.3 Food intake -- 5.2.4 Feeding movements and migrations -- 5.3 Factors influencing feeding ecology -- 5.3.1 Environmental factors -- 5.3.1.1 Water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen -- 5.3.1.2 Tidal regime and substratum composition -- 5.3.2 Biological factors -- 5.3.2.1 Body size -- 5.3.2.2 Ontogenetic changes in fish diets -- 5.3.3 Foraging specialisations -- 5.3.4 Opportunistic versus specialised feeding -- 5.4 Ecotrophomorphology -- 5.5 Trophic categorization -- 5.5.1 Herbivorous species -- 5.5.2 Detritivorous species -- 5.5.3 Zoobenthivorous species -- 5.5.4 Zooplankivorous species -- 5.5.5 Piscivorous species -- 5.5.5.1 Cannibalism -- 5.6 Competition, resource partitioning, energy flow and connectivity -- 5.6.1 Intra-specific and inter-specific competition -- 5.6.2 Resource partitioning -- 5.6.3 Energy flow and connectivity -- 5.7 FishBase approach to Functional Feeding Groups -- 5.7.1 Example of an FFG analysis -- 5.8 Fish food sources in estuaries -- 5.8.1 Submerged macrophyte habitats -- 5.8.2 Emergent macrophyte habitats -- 5.9 Food web complexity -- 5.9.1 Vertical and horizontal feeding patterns by fishes -- 5.10 Predators of fish in estuaries -- 5.10.1 Invertebrates -- 5.10.2 Birds -- 5.10.3 Reptiles -- 5.10.4 Mammals -- 5.11 Effects of natural and anthropogenic perturbations on food webs -- 5.12 Acknowledgements -- 5.13 References. , Chapter 6 Fishes and Estuarine Environmental Health -- 6.1 Estuarine environmental health: concepts, definitions and assessment -- 6.2 Anthropogenic pressures impacting estuarine fish assemblages -- 6.2.1 Habitat loss and physical degradation -- 6.2.2 Pollution -- 6.2.3 River flow regulation -- 6.2.4 Fisheries and aquaculture -- 6.2.5 Non-indigenous species -- 6.2.6 Climate change -- 6.2.7 Integration of human pressures: the global change context -- 6.3 Fish biomarkers responding to human pressures -- 6.3.1 Bioaccumulation and biomagnification -- 6.3.2 Biomarkers of exposure -- 6.4 Fishes as biological indicators -- 6.5 Main methodological approaches to assess estuarine health using fish as indicators -- 6.5.1 Historical data and reference conditions -- 6.5.2 Experimental approaches -- 6.5.3 Environmental impact assessment and other risk assessment methods -- 6.5.4 Qualitative methods -- 6.5.5 Quantitative indicators -- 6.5.6 Models -- 6.6 Environmental health fish-based indices -- 6.7 Disentangling fish responses in the multi-stress context of global changes -- 6.7.1 Univariate approaches -- 6.7.2 Multivariate approaches -- 6.8 Future research directions -- 6.9 References -- Chapter 7 Climate Change and Fishes in Estuaries -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Global, regional and local patterns -- 7.2.1 Predictors of fish taxonomic diversity at global and regional scales -- 7.2.2 Predictors of fish taxonomic diversity at local scales -- 7.2.3 Predictors of fish functional diversity at global, regional and local scales -- 7.3 Potential impacts of environmental/climate stressors on estuarine fish -- 7.3.1 Salinity and freshwater flow impacts -- 7.3.2 Temperature impacts -- 7.3.3 Dissolved oxygen impacts -- 7.3.4 Impacts of elevated CO2 -- 7.3.5 Sea level rise -- 7.3.6 Estuary entrance channel openings and fish access -- 7.3.7 Disease. , 7.4 Climate change and fisheries in estuaries -- 7.4.1 Links to fisheries catches -- 7.4.2 Socio-economic effects and management implications -- 7.5 Case studies -- 7.5.1 Arctic -- 7.5.2 Temperate northern Atlantic -- 7.5.3 Temperate northern Pacific -- 7.5.4 Tropical Atlantic -- 7.5.5 Indo-Pacific -- 7.5.6 Temperate South America -- 7.5.7 Temperate southern Africa -- 7.5.8 Temperate Australia -- 7.6 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions -- 7.7 Acknowledgements -- 7.8 References -- Chapter 8 Estuarine Degradation and Rehabilitation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Hazards and risks to estuarine fish and fisheries and their habitats -- 8.1.2 Effects of climate change on estuarine fish and fisheries -- 8.1.3 Effects of estuarine degradation on ecosystem services -- 8.1.4 Effects of estuarine degradation on water quality and impacts on fish -- 8.1.5 Heavy metals -- 8.1.6 Organic pollutants -- 8.1.7 Pharmaceutical and personal care products -- 8.1.8 Nutrients -- 8.1.9 Effects on water quantity, hydropeak and flow alteration on fish -- 8.1.10 Effects of fishing -- 8.2 Estuarine restoration and habitat creation -- 8.3 Current practices -- 8.4 Ecological engineering -- 8.5 Contribution of modelling tools to more process-based restoration objectives -- 8.5.1 Introduction -- 8.5.2 Framework -- 8.5.2.1 Towards a more process-orientedapproach -- 8.5.2.2 Towards integrated objectives -- 8.6 Why modelling processes? -- 8.6.1 Physical phenomena -- 8.6.2 Species use of the estuarine environment and compartmental interactions -- 8.6.3 Overview -- 8.7 Modelling tools -- 8.7.1 Biogeochemical modelling -- 8.7.2 Hydromorphological sedimentary modelling -- 8.7.2.1 Modelling vegetation-sediment interactions -- 8.7.2.2 Modelling formation and dynamics of tidal channels -- 8.7.2.3 Modelling biological impacts on sedimentary dynamics -- 8.8 Life-cycle modelling. , 8.8.1 'Static' approaches: statistical habitat suitability.

Anmerkung: 2 Volume-Set