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  • 1
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    Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio splendidus DSM 19640 (2017)
    American Society for Microbiology
    In:  Genome Announcements, 5 (48). e01368.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Vibrio splendidus type strain DSM 19640. V. splendidus is an abundant species among coastal vibrioplankton. The assembly resulted in a 5,729,362-bp draft genome with 5,032 proteincoding sequences, 6 rRNAs, and 117 tRNAs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01368-17
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    The structure of temperate phage–bacteria infection networks changes with the phylogenetic distance of the host bacteria (2018)
    Royal Society of London
    In:  Biology Letters, 14 (11). p. 20180320.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: With their ability to integrate into the bacterial chromosome and thereby transfer virulence or drug-resistance genes across bacterial species, temperate phage play a key role in bacterial evolution. Thus, it is paramount to understand who infects whom to be able to predict the movement of DNA across the prokaryotic world and ultimately the emergence of novel (drug-resistant) pathogens. We empirically investigated lytic infection patterns among Vibrio spp. from distinct phylogenetic clades and their derived temperate phage. We found that across distantly related clades, infections occur preferentially within modules of the same clade. However, when the genetic distance of the host bacteria decreases, these clade-specific infections disappear. This indicates that the structure of temperate phage-bacteria infection networks changes with the phylogenetic distance of the host bacteria.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0320
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Persistence, seasonal dynamics and pathogenic potential of Vibrio communities from pacific oyster hemolymph (2014)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 9 (4). e94256.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-22
    Description: Bacteria of the genus Vibrio occur at a continuum from free-living to symbiotic life forms, including opportunists and pathogens, that can contribute to severe diseases, for instance summer mortality events of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas. While most studies focused on Vibrio isolated from moribund oysters during mortality outbreaks, investigations of the Vibrio community in healthy oysters are rare. Therefore, we characterized the persistence, diversity, seasonal dynamics, and pathogenicity of the Vibrio community isolated from healthy Pacific oysters. In a reciprocal transplant experiment we repeatedly sampled hemolymph from adult Pacific oysters to differentiate population from site-specific effects during six months of in situ incubation in the field. We characterized virulence phenotypes and genomic diversity based on multilocus sequence typing in a total of 70 Vibrio strains. Based on controlled infection experiments we could show that strains with the ability to colonize healthy adult oysters can also have the potential to induce high mortality rates on larvae. Diversity and abundance of Vibrio varied significantly over time with highest values during and after spawning season. Vibrio communities from transplanted and stationary oysters converged over time, indicating that communities were not population specific, but rather assemble from the surrounding environment forming communities, some of which can persist over longer periods
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094256
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Habitat degradation correlates with tolerance to climate-change related stressors 3 in the green mussel Perna viridis from West Java, Indonesia (2013)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Pollution Bulletin, 71 (1-2). pp. 222-229.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: It is unclear whether habitat degradation correlates with tolerance of marine invertebrates to abiotic stress. We therefore tested whether resistance to climate change-related stressors differs between populations of the green mussel Perna viridis from a heavily impacted and a mostly pristine site in West Java, Indonesia. In laboratory experiments, we compared their oxygen consumption and mortality under lowered salinity (-13 and -18 units, both responses), hypoxia (0.5 mg/l, mortality only) and thermal stress (+7 degrees C, mortality only). Mussels from the eutrophied and polluted Jakarta Bay showed a significantly smaller deviation from their normal oxygen consumption and higher survival rates when stressed than their conspecifics from the unaffected Lada Bay. This shows that human induced habitat degradation correlates with mussel tolerance to environmental stress. We discuss possible mechanisms - e.g. the selection of tolerant genotypes or habitat-specific differences in the nutritional status of the mussels - that could explain our observation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.004
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Relative contribution of reproductive investment, thermal stress and Vibrio infection to summer mortality phenomena in Pacific oysters (2013)
    Elsevier
    In:  Aquaculture, 412-413 . pp. 88-96.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-06
    Description: Mass mortalities of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas occur regularly when temperatures are high. Elevated temperatures facilitate the proliferation and spread of pathogens and simultaneously impose physiological stress on the host. Additionally, periods of high temperatures coincide with the oyster spawning season. Spawning is energetically costly and can further compromise oyster immunity. Most studies monitoring the underlying factors of oyster summer mortality in the field, point to the involvement of abiotic and biotic factors including low salinities, high temperatures, pollutants, toxic algae blooms, pathogen exposure and physical stress in conjunction with maturation. However, studies addressing more than two factors experimentally are missing thus far. Therefore, we investigated the combination of three main factors including abiotic as well as internal and external biotic stressors by conducting controlled infection experiments on pre-and post-spawning as well as on gravid oysters with opportunistic Vibrio sp. at two different temperatures. Based on mortality rates, infection intensity and cellular immune parameters, we provide experimental evidence that all three factors (i.e. reproductive investment, elevated temperatures and infection with opportunistic Vibrio sp.) act additively to the phenomenon of oyster summer mortality, leaving post-spawning oyster more susceptible to SMS than pre-spawning and gravid oysters. While previous studies found that post-spawning oysters have a lower thermal tolerance and a reduced ability to withstand pathogen infections, our study now allows to separate the relative contribution of different causative agents to oyster summer mortality and pinpoint to infection with pathogenic Vibrio sp. being of highest importance. In addition we can add a mechanistic understanding for the higher losses after spawning during which the phagocytic ability of hemocytes was strongly impeded resulting in insufficient clearance of pathogens.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.07.009
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Parasites in the Wadden Sea food web (2013)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Sea Research, 82 . pp. 122-133.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-09
    Description: While the free-living fauna of the Wadden Sea has received much interest, little is known on the distribution and effects of parasites in the Wadden Sea food web. However, recent studies on this special type of trophic interaction indicate a high diversity of parasites in the Wadden Sea and suggest a multitude of effects on the hosts. This also includes effects on specific predator-prey relationships and the general structure of the food web. Focussing on molluscs, a major group in the Wadden Sea in terms of biomass and abundance and an important link between primary producers and predators, we review existing studies and exemplify the ecological role of parasites in the Wadden Sea food web. First, we give a brief inventory of parasites occurring in the Wadden Sea, ranging from microparasites (e.g. protozoa, bacteria) to macroparasites (e.g. helminths, parasitic copepods) and discuss the effects of spatial scale on heterogeneities in infection levels. We then demonstrate how parasites can affect host population dynamics by acting as a strong mortality factor, causing mollusc mass mortalities. In addition, we will exemplify how parasites can mediate the interaction strength of predator-prey relationships and affect the topological structure of the Wadden Sea food web as a whole. Finally, we highlight some ongoing changes regarding parasitism in the Wadden Sea in the course of global change (e.g. species introduction, climate change) and identify important future research questions to entangle the role of parasites in the Wadden Sea food web
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2012.06.002
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Climate Change, Host Parasite Interactions and Species Invasions: An Experiment initiated by Nature (2013)
    In:  [Poster] In: 14. Congress of the European Society for Evolutionary Biology EBS, 19.-24.08.2013, Lisbon, Portugal .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-13
    Description: Biological invasions can be considered as an experiment performed by nature. They offer a unique way to study adaptation to new environments with all facets of new biotic and abiotic challenges like climate change and disease. On top of that, rising temperatures and risk of disease can interact and intensify selection pressure on invasive species to immunologically adapt to local parasites. The invasion of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas into the North Sea, is an ideal system to study the interactive effects of climate change and disease. Two independent invasions lead to the establishment of two genetically distinct populations, that differ in their selective history of disease outbreaks. While the Southern population is frequently subjected to natural selection induced by oyster summer mortality, with mortality rates exceeding 60%, Northern populations and hybrids in a secondary contact zone have been spared so far. Here, the interaction of high temperatures and bacteria of the genus Vibrio are believed to be the main causative agents of such mortalities. To test for differential selection gradients within the two invasion waves, we infected wild and artificially bred oysters with allopatric and sympatric Vibrio splendidus strains at prevailing and proposed future water temperatures. Based on mortality rates, immune response, and bacterial infection loads we observed that at high water temperatures oysters were severely impacted by Vibrio infection. However, while we consistently observed specific host immunological adaptation to sympatric parasites also at lower temperatures, direct advantages in terms of host fitness could only be detected at high temperatures indicating that the selective environment can unveil otherwise cryptic patterns of local adaptation.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 8
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    The life-style of filamentous phages determines their extinction risk during bacteria-phage co-evolution (2019)
    In:  [Poster] In: Microbial Population Biology, Gordon Research Conference, 07.-12.07.2019, Andover, NH, USA .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-11
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Poster
  • 9
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    Population specific genotype x genotype x environment interactions in bacterial disease of early life stages of Pacific oyster larvae (2017)
    Wiley
    In:  Evolutionary Applications, 10 (4). pp. 338-347.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The consequences of emerging marine diseases on the evolutionary trajectories of affected host populations in the marine realm are largely unexplored. Evolution in response to natural selection depends on the genetic variation of the traits under selection and the interaction of these traits with the environment (GxE). However, in the case of diseases, genotypes of pathogens add another dimension to this interaction. Therefore, the study of disease resistance needs to be extended to the interaction of host genotype, pathogen genotype and environment (GxGxE). In the present study we used a full-sib breeding design crossing two genetically differentiated populations of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793), to determine the influence of host genotype, pathogen genotype and temperature on disease resistance. Based on a controlled infection experiment on two early life stages, i.e. D-larvae and Pediveliger larvae at elevated and ambient water temperatures we estimated disease resistance to allopatric and sympatric Vibrio sp. by measuring survival and growth within and between genetically differentiated oyster populations. In both populations survival was higher upon infection with sympatric Vibrio sp. indicating that disease resistance has a genetic basis and is dependent on host genotype. In addition we observed a significant GxGxE effect in D-larvae, where contrary to expectations, disease resistance was higher at warm than at cold temperatures. Using thermal reaction norms, we could further show, that disease resistance is an environment dependent trait with high plasticity, which indicates the potential for a fast acclimatization to changing environmental conditions. These population specific reaction norms disappeared in hybrid crosses between both populations which demonstrates that admixture between genetically differentiated populations can influence GxGxE interactions on larger scales.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/eva.12452
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Ecology and Evolution of invasive Pacific oysters to pathogen infection and rising temperatures (2013)
    In:  (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel + AWI Bremerhaven, Kiel, Germany, 184 pp
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-27
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Thesis - not published by a publisher
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