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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gerinnungssystem ; APC-Resistenz ; Faktor V-Leiden ; Prothrombin ; Homocystein ; Keywords Coagulation system ; Stroke ; APC-resistance ; Factor V-Leiden ; Prothrombin ; Cerebral venous thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Hereditary thrombophilias are a heterogenous group of genetic coagulation disorders which, particularly in combination with acquired prothrombotic factors, induce a predisposition to thrombosis. After characterization of frequent thrombophilic syndromes like factor V-Leiden or the prothrombin 20210GA mutation, a number of case-control studies screened for the prevalence of these mutations in ischemic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Our meta-analysis shows that factor V-Leiden and prothrombin are frequent and significantly associated with CVT (16.4% vs. 4.9% or 4.3, P〈0.001, and 12.1% vs. 1.9% or 5.8, P〈0.001). In ischemic stroke, only factor V-Leiden and not prothrombin is a weak but significant risk factor (5.9% vs. 2.6% or 1.6, P〈0.001, and 4.1% vs. 3.3% or 1.4, P=0.1). The C677T homozygous point mutation in the MTHFR, a homocystein-degrading enzyme, was also associated with arterial stroke (16% vs. 15% or 1.5, P〈0.001). For CVT, sufficient data are lacking. We therefore recommend screening for thrombophilia in CVT. In ischemic stroke, atrial premature complex (APC) resistance should be considered. As long as controlled studies are lacking, individual anticoagulant therapy must take hereditary and precipitating factors into account to assess potential thrombotic risk.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hereditäre Thrombophilien sind eine heterogene Gruppe von erblichen Gerinnungsstörungen, die, selten als alleinige Ursache, in einer komplexen Interaktion mit erworbenen Risikofaktoren zu Thrombosen führen. Nach der Entdeckung von genetisch gut charakterisierten und häufigen Thrombophilien wie dem Faktor V-Leiden oder der Prothrombinmutation 20210GA wurden diese Mutationen in größeren Fallkontrollstudien auch bei Schlaganfall und zerebralen Sinus- und Venenthrombosen (SVT) untersucht. In unserer Meta-Analyse zeigt sich dabei, dass die heterozygote Faktor V-Leiden-Mutation die häufigste Gerinnungsstörung ist und für SVT (16,4% vs 4,9%; OR: 4,3; p〈0,001) und weniger auch für arterielle Ischämien (5,9% vs 2,6%; OR: 1,6; p〈0,001) ein schwacher, aber signifikanter Risikofaktor ist. Die Protrombinmutation 20210GA ist dagegen vermutlich nur für Sinusvenenthrombosen (12,1% vs 1,9%; OR: 5,8; p〈0,001), nicht jedoch für Schlaganfälle (4,1% vs 3,3%; OR: 1,4; p=0,1) als eigenständiger Risikofaktor zu betrachten. Die homozygote Form der Methyltetrahydrofolatreduktase-Mutation (MTHFR C677T), einem homozysteinabbauendem Enzym, ist ein weiterer Risikofaktor für Schlaganfälle (16% vs 15%; OR: 1,5; p〈0,001). Für die SVT liegen keine ausreichenden Daten vor. Ein Thrombophilie-Screening für APC-Resistenz und die Prothrombinmutation erscheint bei der SVT sinnvoll, beim arteriellen Schlaganfall sollte eine APC-Resistenz berücksichtigt werden. Weil kontrollierte Therapiestudien fehlen, muss die Therapie unter Berücksichtigung von genetischen und auslösenden Faktoren in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Hämostaseologen dem individuellen Thromboserisiko angepasst werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Growth ; Nitrogen economy ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa ; Subarctic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Growth patterns and nitrogen economy were studied in pot-grown seedlings of mountain birch subjected to different ultraviolet radiation under both laboratory and outdoor conditions at Abisko in northern Sweden. In the laboratory, nutrient supply, temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation-A (UV-A, 320–400 nm) and B (UV-B, 280–320 nm) were controlled, while photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) and photoperiod varied naturally. Under outdoor conditions nutrient supply was controlled, and the irradiation treatments were ambient and above-ambient UV-B using additional fluorescent lamps. Mountain birch nitrogen economy was affected by increased ultraviolet radiation, as reflected by a changed relationship between plant growth and plant nitrogen both in the laboratory and outdoors. In the laboratory enhanced UV-A decreased leaf area per unit plant biomass (leaf area ratio) but increased biomass productivity, both per unit leaf area (leaf area productivity) and per unit leaf nitrogen (leaf nitrogen productivity). Low levels of UV-B affected growth patterns and nitrogen economy in a similar way to enhanced UV-A. High levels of UV-B clearly decreased relative growth rate and nitrogen productivity, as leaf area ratio, leaf area productivity and leaf nitrogen productivity were all decreased. Under outdoor conditions above-ambient levels of UV-B did not alter growth or biomass allocation traits of the seedlings, whilst nitrogen productivity was increased. Mountain birch seedlings originating from different mother trees varied significantly in their responses to different ultraviolet radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Activated protein C ; resistance ; Thrombophilia ; Coagulation system ; Stroke
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the association between cerebral venous thrombosis and hereditary resistance to activated protein C (APC) in 12 consecutive German patients with non-fatal cerebral venous thrombosis and in 187 controls without a history of thrombotic disorder. Three patients (25%) had a mutation in the factor V Leiden gene against only one subject in the control group. This difference was significant (P〈0.05), with an odds ratio of 11.7 (1.5–87 ; 95% confidence interval). Two patients carrying the mutation had additional common risk factors for thrombosis, and 2 had a positive family history of thromboembolism. We conclude that inherited APC resistance by a mutation in factor V Leiden is an important risk factor in non-fatal cerebral venous thrombosis. We recommend testing for APC resistance and, if abnormal for factor V Leiden mutation in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: Optical properties of modified type II W-shaped quantum wells have been investigated with the aim to be utilized in interband cascade lasers. The results show that introducing a tensely strained GaAsSb layer, instead of a commonly used compressively strained GaInSb, allows employing the active transition involving valence band states with a significant admixture of the light holes. Theoretical predictions of multiband k·p theory have been experimentally verified by using photoluminescence and polarization dependent photoreflectance measurements. These results open a pathway for practical realization of mid-infrared lasing devices with uncommon polarization properties including, for instance, polarization-independent midinfrared light emitters.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: Fungal colonization can significantly affect the secondary metabolism of the host plants. We tested the impact of a common below-ground symbiosis, i.e., ectomycorrhiza formation, on poplar leaf chemical components that are involved in the defence against a common disease, i.e., rust fungi, in N-deficient soil. A rust-susceptible poplar clone ( Populus trichocarpa x deltoides ‘Beaupré’) was (a) non-associated with ectomycorrhizal fungus (EM) Hebeloma mesophaeum (Pers.) Quélet MÜN and non-infected with rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. (isolate 98AG31), (b) associated with EM, (c) inoculated with rust fungus and (d) associated with EM and inoculated with rust fungus. Poplar leaves were analysed by photometric and mass spectrometric techniques (liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS)). Both rust infection and mycorrhiza formation led to increased proportions of condensed tannins in relation to total phenolics (13% in the control, 18–19% in the fungal treatments). In contrast, salicylic acid concentration (6.8 µg g –1 in the control) was higher only in the rust treatments (17.9 and 25.4 µg g –1 with rust infection). The Py-FIMS analysis revealed that the rust-infected treatments were significantly separated from the non-rust-infected treatments on the basis of six flavonoids and one lipid. The relative abundance of these components, which have known functions in plant defence, was decreased after rust infection of non-mycorrhizal plants, but not in mycorrhizal plants. The results indicate that the ectomycorrhizal formation compensated the rust infection by a decrease in the flavonoid syntheses. The study provides new evidence for an interactive response of mycorrhizal colonization and infection with rust fungi in the metabolism of poplar.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-02-26
    Description: Type II InAs/GaInSb quantum wells (QWs) grown on GaSb or InAs substrates and designed to be integrated in the active region of interband cascade lasers (ICLs) emitting in the mid infrared have been investigated. Optical spectroscopy, combined with band structure calculations, has been used to probe their electronic properties. A design with multiple InAs QWs has been compared with the more common double W-shaped QW and it has been demonstrated that it allows red shifting the emission wavelength and enhancing the transition oscillator strength. This can be beneficial for the improvements of the ICLs performances, especially when considering their long-wavelength operation.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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